Keneshova, Zh. A.

Zakharova, Yu. A.

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University

VIII Международная научно-практическая конференция  «Физико-технические проблемы в науке, промышленности и медицине» Секция 4. Физико-химические и изотопные технологии в науке, промышленности и медицине   117 THE APPLICATION OF STABLE ISOTOPES OF RARE ELEMENTS Zh.A. Keneshova, Yu.A. Zakharova National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Avenue, 30 E-mail: keneshovajanara@gmail.com In the last decades there has been a tendency of expanding the range of applications of the materials, metals and high purity compounds used in all branches of science and engineering. The use of rare elements has special significance for modern technology, metallurgical engineering and chemistry [1]. Scientists have learned to change the isotopic composition of elements for obtaining the specific properties of materials in technological activity. Many elements have a large number (more than twenty) of unstable (radioactive) isotopes (an overwhelming majority of them is created artificially). The number of stable isotopes (they exist independently for a long time) is considerably less and, besides, the even Z elements have the greatest variety of isotopes. The objective of the work was to study the application of stable isotopes of more than thirty rare elements.  Nuclear properties of isotopes are used in physics and chemistry: 93Nb, 180W, 182W, 183W, 170Yb are required for research of the structure and characteristics of substances using methods of nuclear magnetic and recoilless nuclear resonance; radioactive isotopes 201Tl, 114mIn and 113mIn, 87mSr are prepared from 203Tl, 113In, 85Rb for medicine; 92Mo, 154Sm and 160Gd are used in neutron diffraction investigation; 46Ti, 151Eu, 159Tb are practiced in detectors for different purposes; 75Se, used in defectoscopy, is received from 74Se. Gd, Eu, Sm, Hf are used for manufacturing control rods; 9Be is a nuclear moderator and reflector; 113In is a neutron defector; 7Li is a reactor heat carrier. The most important elements for nuclear engineering are 157Gd having the highest capture cross section of neutrons, and Zr, 93Nb used in alloy of partition in nuclear fuel elements [2]. The isotopes of rare-earth and scattered elements are used in optics. 141Pr, Se, Sm, Nd, Er, Yb, Dy, Hf are required for making glasses with special properties; Sr, Yb, 151Eu, 153Eu are employed in the production of phosphors; 89Y, 159Tb, 169Tm, Gd are used in laser technology.  Ti, Zr, 51V, 93Nb, Mo, W, Te, 185Re, 45Sc are alloying additions and constructional materials used in aircraft engineering and rocket production. Such alloys become heat-resistant, anticorrosive and superconducting.  133Cs is a material for an atomic clock. It is an accurate apparatus for chronometry. 51V is used in thermochemical water decomposition. 139La is one of the components of hybrid car accumulators. 181Ta, 69Ga, 71Ga, 113In, 203Tl, 205Tl, 185Re play a role in precision and electric engineering, semiconductor industry. Se and Te are used in photocell in solar energy. The isotopes of Sm, Nd, Dy, 159Tb, 165Ho, 169Tm are required for producing the electromagnets and magnetic alloys. 165Ho, 159Tb, 141Pr, 89Y, 185Re are catalysts in petrochemical and chemical industries. The number of industry brunches, in which we cannot, but use rare elements is growing with the intensive development of modern science and technology since potential possibilities of rare elements have not been exhausted. REFERENCES 1. Korovin S.S., Zimina G.V., Reznik A.M. (1996). Rare and scattered elements. Chemistry and technology. Moscow : MISIS Publ. p.376  2. Chekmarev A.M., Tarasova N.P., Smetannikov Yu.V. (2006). Chemisrty, nuclear power engineering and sustainable development. Moscow : Akademkniga Publ. p.288     

The application of stable isotopes of rare elements

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