C. Michael Anslinger— Debitage Classification SystemsRuth Brinker—Mann Site FigurinesFrank Burkett and Donald R. Cochran—The Commissary Site (12-Hn-2) RevisitedMark Cantin and C. Michael Anslinger—Holland Chert Quarries/Workshops Near Huntingburg, Dubois County, IndianaMary Ellen Carpenter and Robert E. Pace—Test Excavations at the Smith Site, (12-Vi-86), Vigo County, IndianaCatharine A. Carson—A Description of Kenneth ChertDella Collins Cook—Three Cranial Tumors from Late Woodland Sites: Diagnosis and Cultural ImplicationsEdmond J . Furia—A Useful Morphological Characteristic of Two Toed Sloth HairRonald Hicks—The Year at DrombegMisty Jackson and Robert E. Pace—Towards Predicting Loss of Archaeological Resources from River Channel MigrationsJames A. Mohow—A Preliminary Survey of the Maumee River in Allen County, IndianaP. Ranel Stephenson—Woodland Sites and Ross Soils: A Correlation in the Upper White River (West Fork) DrainageCurtis H. Tomak—Some Late Archaic Manifestations in Indian

Cochran, Donald

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ANTHROPOLOGYChairperson: Donald CochranDepartment of AnthropologyBall State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306 (317)285-4927Chairperson-Elect: Diane BeynonDepartment of AnthropologyIndiana University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne2101 Coliseum Boulevard East, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805 (219)482-5391ABSTRACTSDebitage Classification Systems. C. Michael Anslinger, Indiana State University,Terre Haute, Indiana 47809. In recent years archaeologists have found it usefulto place debitage recovered from archaeological sites into discrete groups whichtheoretically represent sequential stages of lithic reduction systems. This provides oneline of evidence for reconstructing past site activities and functions which is a primarygoal of archaeology. However, recent studies have shown that some of the flake attributelists traditionally used to place flakes in their appropriate reduction stage are not alwaysmeaningful and may, in fact, be ambiguous. This paper discusses some of the debitageclassification systems used by researchers and reports on the application of a par-ticular method of classification to a Lake Archaic lithic assemblage from BartholomewCounty, Indiana.Mann Site Figurines. Ruth Brinker, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana47405. Figurines of human forms are found at the Mann Site in great numbersand in almost all known contexts. A total of 421 fragments of human figures havebeen recovered generally from village midden, but also from pits and mounds. Thefigurines have many characteristics in common which makes them "recognizable,"yet some distinctive individual traits are present as well. A general description ofcharacteristic forms is presented, variables are quantified, and Mann Site figurinesare compared with figurines from other Hopewellian sites in Ohio and Illinois.The Commissary Site (12-Hn-2) Revisited. Frank Burkett and Donald R. Cochran,Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306. Monitoring of a small earthmovingproject at the Commissary site revealed the remains of a prehistoric pit containinga few human and small mammal bones. A 10 gm sample of wood charcoal from thepit yielded a calibrated radiocarbon date of A.D. 1180 ± 60. This date antedates theone radiocarbon date previously acquired from the site, A.D. 635 ± 105, by 500 years.The Commissary site has been considered to be an early Late Woodland site becauseof the earlier radiocarbon date and the one cordmarked ceramic vessel recovered. Themore recent date is contemporaneous with regional Late Woodland Oliver phase sitesand suggests that either the site was in use for over 500 years or that its placementneeds to be reassessed.Holland Chert Quarries/Workshops Near Huntingburg, Dubois County, Indiana. MarkCantin and C. Michael Anslinger, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana47809. A recent archaeological survey conducted near Huntingburg, Dubois County,Indiana, yielded several sites interpreted as chert quarries and/or knapping workshops.9394 Indiana Academy of Science Vol. 94 (1985)The raw material utilized is Holland Chert and its variants. This paper will describethe provenience and physical properties of the Holland Chert, as well as its utilizationvia lithic reduction sequence analysis, and relate this within the framework of the largersurvey.Test Excavations at the Smith Site, (12-Vi-86), Vigo County, Indiana. Mary EllenCarpenter and Robert E. Pace, University of Illinois-Chicago Circle and IndianaState University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809. Materials diagnostic of Albee andVincennes components have been recovered from the surface of the Smith and othersites in Sullivan, Vigo, Parke and Vermillion counties. Excavations previously reportedhave been either too limited or inadequately reported to firmly establish temporal,spatial and cultural relationships of Albee and Vincennes. Testing at the Smith Sitewas specifically undertaken to address these problems. Preliminary results suggest con-temporaneity of materials, and either a mixing of the two populations or rapid assimila-tion of Vincennes material culture by Albee peoples.A Description of Kenneth Chert. Catharine A. Carson, Ball State University, Muncie,Indiana 47306. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe cherts thatoccur within the Kenneth Limestone of the Wabash Formation of north-central In-diana. Kenneth chert is most commonly brownish-gray in color with a predominanceof lighter grey to white. The most obvious diagnostic characteristic of this chert isits mottled, speckled, swirled, or splotched appearance due primarily to the differen-tial silicification of fossil and burrow inclusions and the surrounding matrix. The abovefactors result in Kenneth chert possessing a highly varied appearance. The chert, whichoccurs as thin lenses as well as small nodules, is known to outcrop principally in Howard,Cass, and Carroll counties. Kenneth chert is archaeologically significant as a raw materialsource for the prehistoric manufacturing of chipped-stone tools.Three Cranial Tumors from Late Woodland Sites: Diagnosis and Cultural Implica-tions. Della Collins Cook. Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloom-ington, Indiana 47405. Tumors may not leave clear evidence on the skeleton, andthey are less common than traumatic and infectious bone pathology. For these reasonspaleopathologists seldom discuss them. An angioma or meningioma in an adult fromthe Koster mound group, Green Co., Illinois, a probable melanotic ameloblastomain a child from the Schild mound group, Greene Co., Illinois, and an osteogenic tumorof the cranial base in an adult from the Alt site, LaPorte Co., Indiana, are presented.It is unlikely that age-specific frequencies of these tumors were very different inprehistoric times than they are today. The two adults are likely to have exhibitedbehavioral alterations that would have required much attention on the part of care-givers in their communities.A Useful Morphological Characteristic of Two Toed Sloth Hair. Edmond J. Furia,Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405. Theguard hairs or protective hairs from Choloepus hoffmanni and Choloepus didactyluswere observed using a scanning electron microscope. The morphological characteristicof these hairs is unique among hairs from all living mammals known to the observer.A single hair form either Choloepus species splits a minimum of three times in ageometric fashion progressing from the proximal to distal portion. This "splitting"can produce what appears to be eight differentiated shafts in the distal portion ofany one hair. This unique quality of two toed sloth hair may prove to be useful toanyone investigating the composition of coprolithic material. This information mayprove useful also to ecology, zoology, and evolutionary biology.Anthropology 95The Year at Dromberg. Ronald Hicks, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana47306. It has been known for more than two centuries that Stonehenge is orientedto mark the summer solstice sunrise, and recent research on other stone circles hasproduced claims for their use to mark as many as 13 other dates, creating a 16-monthsolar calendar. Observations over the course of a year at one stone circle—Dromberg,in County Cork, Ireland—which has been known for some time to be oriented onwinter solstice sunset have shown it to be designed also to mark both summer andwinter solstice sunrises but no other dates. Indeed, weather conditions between autumnaland vernal equinox today, which are not likely to be significantly different from thoseprevailing at the time the circle was constructed, are such that chances of making thenecessary observations during that half of the year are slim for any of the proposeddates except the winter solstice.Towards Predicting Loss of Archaeological Resources from River Channel Migrations.Misty Jackson and Robert E. Pace, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana47809. Data being collected from riverbank survey of the central and lower Wabash,White and Eel rivers suggest significant patterns in frequency, size and cultural affilia-tions of exposed archaeological sites. Explanatory hypotheses being developed and testedinclude variables relating to past and present stream dynamics, natural features andresource base and settlement systems of prehistoric peoples. Preliminary results arereported.A Preliminary Survey of the Maumee River in Allen County, Indiana. James A. Mohow,Indiana University-Purdue University at Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805 andDavid Diaz, 4512 S. Hanna, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46806. A preliminary surfacesurvey was conducted along a six mile length of the Maumee River in Allen County,Indiana between fall of 1980 and fall of 1983. The survey concentrated on the river'sfloodplain and its adjacent terraces. As this was a preliminary survey, its prime objec-tive was to identify archaeological sites and certain chronologically sensitive artifactswithin the research area. A total of 55 prehistoric sites was recorded during the surveyand more than 4,000 artifacts were recovered. The artifacts consist of lithics and ceramics.Preliminary identification of pottery and tool types reveals that most sites were multi-component in nature, ranging from Paelo-Indian through Late Woodland times. Sinceit is little known archaeologically, the primary purpose of this survey was to achievean overview of the area as well as to form a basis for future research.Woodland Sites and Ross Soils: A Correlation in the Upper White River (West Fork)Drainage. P. Ranel Stephenson, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306. Areconnaissance survey of the Upper White River drainage in Randolph, Delaware,Madison, and Hamilton counties was focused on gathering data on Woodland habita-tion sites. The survey was carried out predominantly in the floodplain of the WhiteRiver to determine whether particular soil types were selected for occupation. Duringthe survey, 32 new floodplain sites were discovered; of these, 10 contained potteryand nine of the sites with pottery were located on Ross soils. Ross soils formed undermixed hardwoods and prairie grasses and constituted the smallest percentage of thefloodplain soil types present in the counties being surveyed. Areas of Ross soil surveyedalways produced Woodland components whereas surveys of other floodplain soils didnot. A comparison of the locations of Ross soils and Delaware villages in the surveyarea also showed that Delaware villages were located adjacent to the larger areas ofRoss soils. It, therefore, appears that Ross soils were selected by the Woodland occupantsof the Upper White River drainage for either occupation or cultivation.96 Indiana Academy of Science Vol. 94 (1985)Some Late Archaic Manifestations in Indiana. Curtis H. Tomak, Indiana Depart-ment of Highways, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204. This paper focuses upon pre-Riverton Late Archaic manifestations in the valley of the West Fork of White Riverupstream into Morgan County and in the valley of the East Fork of White Riverupstream into Jackson County. Those two areas are discussed in terms of sites, setting,cultural assemblages, and occupations or phases. Then some other areas of the state,particularly in southern Indiana, are considered. This is followed by commentary re-garding the Late Archaic manifestations under review.

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