Montgomery, B. Elwood

English

Open Access Journals at IU Indianapolis

The Distribution and Relative Seasonal Abundance of IndianaSpecies of Five Families of Dragonflies (Odonata,Calopterygidae, Petaluridae, Cordulegasteridae,Gomphidae and Aeshnidae)B. Elwood Montgomery, Purdue UniversityThree previous papers (Montgomery, 1942, 1944, 1945) have indi-cated the relative seasonal abundance of the adults of the Indiana speciesof Agrionidae, Cordulidae and Libellulidae. These studies have beenbased upon the frequency of collection and observation of the severalspecies during the 41-year period of 1900 to 1940 inclusive. The presentpaper continues these studies to all other families of Odonata foundin Indiana, except the Lestidae.Tabulations have been made from the records preserved in thenotebooks of the late E. B. Williamson and of the author. The two chartspresented here (Fig. 1 and 2) consist of time-frequency graphs for allIndiana species of the five families indicated. The graphs were con-structed by tabulating the records for the entire 41 years by thirds ofmonths and plotting the resulting frequencies at the midpoints (5th,15th and 25th respectively) of these thirds.During the period from 1900 to 1940, 51 species of the five familieswere collected or observed in Indiana. Six of these have been recordedin the state but once. No species was recorded for all of the 41 years;Anax Junius (Drury) was reported for 35 years, Calopteryx metadata(Beauvois) for 34, and Hetaerina americana (Fabricius) and Gomphusgraslinellus Walsh for 30 years each. The number of species of thesefive families recorded each year has varied from two, in 1923, to 27, in1932. A few of these species are rather abundant, but many, includingall the species belonging to the Petaluridae and Cordulegasteridae andmany of the Gomphidae, are quite rare. The number of years in whicheach species was found is indicated immediately following the speciesname in the list below.List of Species with Notes on Distribution and an Indication of theNumber of Years Each Species Was Collected from1900 to 1940 InclusiveCalopterygidaeCalopteryx aequabile Say—15; transcontinental in southern Canadaand the northern half of the United States, but the eastern (typical)subspecies appears to be confined to the region from Maine to Iowa.C. angustipenne (Selys)—1; Pennsylvania and Indiana to Georgia.1631G4 Indiana Academy of ScienceAp.FigrelativeHetaerGomphMnyaequabileangustipenneobliquusobscurusbrevistylusrupinsulensisdesignatusspinosus «=C^=<spoliatusamnicolalauraenotatusplagiatusspinicepscornutusfurcifersubapicalissubmedianusvillosipes «=qcexilis.1. The range of the flight season (or period of adult life)seasonal abundance of species of Calopterygidae (Calopteryx andna), Petaluridae (Tachopteryx), Cordulegasteridae (Cordulegaster) , anddae (Progomphus, Hagenius, Ophiogomphus, Erpetogomphus, Dromo-gomphus, Stylurus and Gomphus) in Indiana. Numbers near each bar indicatethe number of collections of each species in each third of a month during theperiod of 1900 to 1940 inclusive; where no number is given the number ofcollections is one.and theEntomology 165C. maculata (Beauvois)—34; Maritime Provinces and Manitoba toFlorida and New Mexico.Hetaerina americana (Fabricius)—30; Quebec and California to Guate-mala. H. titia (Drury)—8; New Jersey and Michigan south andsouthwest to the West Indies and Central America.PetaluridaeTachopteryx thoreyi (Hagen)—9; New Hampshire and Michigan toFlorida and Missouri.CordulegasteridaeCordulegaster diastatops (Selys)—3; Maritime Provinces and Ontario toSouth Carolina. C. maculatus Selys—1; Maritime Provinces andMichigan to Florida. C. obliquus (Say)—6; Maine, Quebec and Wis-consin to New Jersey and Kansas.GomphidaeProgomphus obscurus (Rambur)—21; Massachusetts and Iowa to Floridaand eastern Texas.Hagenius brevistylus Selys—11; Maritime Provinces and Minnesota toFlorida and Oklahoma.Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis (Walsh)—10; New Brunswick and Sas-katchewan to Tennessee and Missouri.Erpetogomphus designatus Hagen—9 ; Ohio and Nevada to Florida andMexico.Dromogomphns spinosus Selys—14; Maine, Quebec and Wisconsin toFlorida and Oklahoma. D. spoliatus (Hagen)—25; Ohio and Wis-consin to Georgia and Texas.Stylurus amnicola (Walsh)—3; Quebec and Minnesota to North Caro-lina and Kansas. S. laurae Williamson—Michigan to Virginia andGeorgia. S. notatus (Rambur)—6; Quebec and Manitoba to NorthCarolina and Tennessee. S. plagiatus (Selys)—5; New York andMichigan to Florida and Texas. S. spiniceps (Walsh)—4; Massa-chusetts, Quebec, and Wisconsin to South Carolina and Missouri.Arigomphus cornutus (Tough)—1; Quebec and Manitoba to Indiana andIowa. A. furcifer (Hagen)—4; Quebec to New Jersey and Iowa.A. subapicalis (Williamson)—2; Indiana, Illinois, Oklahoma andTexas. (Gloyd, 1941, has shown that this species is identical withlentulus Needham). A. submedianus (Williamson)—5; Michigan toOklahoma. A. villosipes (Selys)—13; Massachusetts and Minnesotato Maryland and Indiana.Gomphus exilis Selys—15 ; Maritime provinces and Wisconsin to Georgia.G. graslinellus Walsh—Ontario and Manitoba to Maryland and Ok-166 Indiana Academy of Sciencelahoma, British Columbia. G. lividus Selys—14; Quebec and Wis-consin to Florida. G. quadricolor Walsh—-7; Massachusetts andWisconsin to Tennessee. G. spicatus Hagen—6; Maine, Quebec andMinnesota to New Jersey and Indiana. G. williamsoni Muttkowski—1; Wells County, Indiana.Gomphurus crassus (Hagen)—17; Ontario to Tennessee and Iowa (Wil-son's record from Red Wing, Minnesota, "A single female ... incompany with G. vastus", needs confirmation before this species isconsidered a member of the Minnesota fauna). G. lineatifrons(Calvert)—2; Michigan to Kentucky. G. externus (Hagen)—3;Michigan and Manitoba to Kentucky, Texas and Utah. G. fraternus(Say)—Quebec and Manitoba to Pennsylvania and Iowa. G. vastus(Walsh)—8; Quebec and Minnesota to Maryland and Kansas. G.ventricosus (Walsh)—Massachusetts to Wisconsin and Illinois. G.viridifrons (Hine)—Pennsylvania to Indiana.Fig. 2. The range of the flight season (or period of adult life) and therelative seasonal abundance of species of Aeshnidae (genera Boyeria, Basiaeschna,Anax, Aeshna, Nasiaeschna and Epaeschna) in Indiana. Numbers near each barindicate the number of collections of each species in each third of a month duringthe period of 1900 to 1940 inclusively; where no number is given the number ofcollections is one.AeshnidaeBoyeria vinosa (Say)—21; Nova Scotia and Michigan to Florida andArkansas.Basiaeschna Janata (Say)—12; Maritime Provinces and Wisconsin toGeorgia and Oklahoma.Anax Junius (Drury)—35; North America from Alaska to Costa Ricaand West Indies; Pacific Islands, and the west coast of Asia. A.Entomology 167longipes Hagen—1 ; east coast from Massachusetts to Brazil ; occa-sional inland records west to Indiana.Aeshna canadensis Walker—1; transcontinental in Canada, southwardin United States to Indiana and Missouri. A. clepsydra Say—4;Nova Scotia and Wisconsin to New Jersey and Indiana. A. constrictaSay—17; Maritime Provinces to British Columbia, southward intoNew England, Kansas and Nevada. A mulata Hagen—10; Massa-chusetts to Michigan and Indiana. A. tuberculifera Walker—2; NewEngland and Quebec to Wisconsin and Indiana; British Columbia.A. umbrosa Walker—25; transcontinental in Canada, southward toSouth Carolina, Oklahoma and Nevada. A. verticalis Hagen—11;Maritime Provinces and Wisconsin to Maryland and Illinois; Cali-fornia.Nasiaeschna pentacantha (Rambur)—15; New England and Quebec toFlorida and Texas.Epiaeschna heros (Fabricius)—26; Maine, Quebec and Wisconsin toFlorida and Mexico.Both of the genera of Calopterygidae represented in Indiana arelarge, each containing more than 50 species. Calopteryx is Holarctic; sixspecies are found in North America. The three species not recorded fromIndiana are limited in their distribution to the Atlantic coastal statesand angustipenne should be classed with these as eastern, as opposed tothe more wide ranging aequabile and maculata. However, it should benoted that the transcontinental aequabile shows tendencies to subspecia-tion -as four varieties have been described and the typical form does notappear to be found west of Iowa, nor in the far North (Walker, 1933,1940, 1941.) Hetaerina is an American genus with the greatest numberof species in Brazil. About ten species are found in Mexico, almost allof which range southward into Central America, or even in northernSouth America, but only four extend northward into the United Statesand two of these only into the border states.Tachopteryx, the only genus of the family Petaluridae in easternNorth America, is generally considered as monospecific. Kennedy (1917)erected a genus for two species, each of somewhat restricted range inthe western states and Japan respectively, which were formerly includedin this genus.Cordulegaster, one of four genera of the family Cordulegasteridae,includes 23 species and subspecies according to the most recent revision(Fraser 1929). Nine of these species are North American; the othersare distributed from the British Isles across southern Europe and Asiato China.Of the genera of Gomphidae listed, two, Hagenius and Dromo-gomphus are restricted to the central and eastern states, two, Pro-gomphus and Erpetogomphus are widely distributed in the new worldand one, Ophiogomphus is Holarctic. Stylurus, Arigomphus and Gom-phurus are generally not acceded full generic rank, but, if consideredas distinct at all, are considered subgenera of Gomphus.168 Indiana Academy of ScienceProgomphus includes about 25 described species ranging fromMassachusetts and Oregon to Argentina with its metropolis in Brazil(Byers 1939). Three species occur in the United States; one of theseappears to have a limited range in Florida, and the second is widelydistributed throughout the region west of the range of obscurus.Ophiogomphus contains almost 30 species, of which approximately halfare North American. Seven of these are limited to areas along or nearthe Atlantic Coast and seven occur in the far western states; rupin-sulensis although it extends far into the central plains, is eastern and doesnot overlap the range of any western species. Dromogomphus includesonly one species in addition to the two found in Indiana and the rangeof this third species is a very limited area in the southeastern region(Georgia).Gomphus (sens, lat.) is a Holarctic genus of more than 125 nominalspecies. Of approximately 50 North American species only about fiveoccur west of the Mississippi basin. The subgenera are rather distinct,although there has been some disagreement in the placement of certainspecies.Of the six genera of Aeschnidae occurring in Indiana, three,Basiaeschna, Nasiaeschna and Epiaeschna are monotypical. Boyeriais a Holarctic genus of five species, two from North America and threefrom the Old World. Anax and Aeshna are large cosmopolitan generawith about 33 and 80 species, respectively. Five species of Anax and 26of Aeshna occur in North America, north of Mexico.In groups considered in earlier studies in this series—Agrionidae(Montgomery 1942, 1944), Cordulidae and Libellulidae (Montgomery1945)—traces of correlation between the seasonal range of the species inIndiana and their geographical range or their evolutionary level wereshown. No such relationships are evident in the groups treated in thispaper, although there is some tendency for wide ranging species to havelong seasonal ranges. A Junius with the most extensive geographicalrange of any Indiana species, except Pantala flavescens (Fabricius), hasthe longest seasonal range in the state, although only slightly longerthan that of E. heros. The species of Gomphus, including Arigomphusand Gomphurus, which are generally quite restricted in geographicalrange, have rather short, early seasons of adult flight. However, thespecies of Stylurus with approximately equal areas of geographicaldistribution have an entirely different pattern of adult flight period.In certain groups—Enallagma, Cordulidae and Libellulidae—northernspecies show a tendency to reach their maximum abundance, in Indiana,during the early season (Montgomery 1942, 1945), but the species ofAeshna which, except for umbrosa, reach their southern limit in Indiana,have late summer seasons of flight.LITERATURE CITEDByers, C. Francis, 1939. A Study of the Dragonflies of the Genus Pro-gomphus (Gomphoicles) with a Description of a New Species. Proc. Fla. Acad.Sci., 4:19-85.Entomology 169Fraser, F. C, 1929. A Revision of tho Flssilabioidae (Cordulegasteridao,Petaliidae, and Petaluridae) (Order Odonata). Part I—Cordulegasteridae. Mem.Ind. Mus., (3) :69-167, pi. 9-12.Gloyd, Leonara K., 1941. Gomphns subapicalis Williamson, a Synonym ofGomphus Icntulus Needham. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 6:127-129.Montgomery, B. Elwood, 19 42. The Distribution and Relative SeasonalAbundance of the Indiana Species of Enallagma (Odonata: Agrionidae). Proc.Ind. Acad. Sci., 51:273-278.1944. The Distribution and Relaitve Seasonal Abundance of theIndiana Species of Agrionidae (Odonata: Zygoptera). Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci.,53:179-185.1944. The Distribution and Relative Seasonal Abundance of theIndiana Species of Cordulidae and Libelluridae (Odonata). Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci.,54:217-224.Walker, E. M., 1933. The Odonata of Manitoba. Can. Ent, 65:57-72.1940. A Preliminary List of Odonata of Saskatchewan. Can. Ent.,72:26-35.1941. List of the Odonata of Ontario with distributional andseasonal data. Tr. Roy. Can. Inst., 23 (2) :201-265.Wilson, Charles Branch, 1909. Dragonflies of the Mississippi Valley Col-lected during Pearl Mussel Investigations on the Mississippi River, July andAugust, 1907. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36:653-671.

The distribution and relative seasonal abundance of Indiana species of five families of dragonflies (Odonata, Calopterygidae, Petaluridae, Cordulegasteridae, (jromphidae, and Aeshnidae)

https://journals.indianapolis.iu.edu/index.php/ias/article/download/5350/5279

The distribution and relative seasonal abundance of Indiana species of five families of dragonflies (Odonata, Calopterygidae, Petaluridae, Cordulegasteridae, (jromphidae, and Aeshnidae)

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Open Access Journals at IU Indianapolis