Biocomposites based on PLA and natural microfibers, Effects of structures and amounts on morphological, thermal, and rheological properties

Abstract

International audienceThis research focuses on the development of bio composites based on polylactic acid (PLA) and natural fibers, particularly sugarcane bagasse (SCB). These bio-based and biodegradable materials are selected for their environmental benefits, positioning them as innovative eco-friendly bio composites. First, the fiber surface was treated with an alkaline solution to remove non-cellulosic components, ensuring better compatibility and improving interfacial adhesion with the polymer matrix. Various amounts of fibers were dispersed within the PLA matrix. The composite materials were produced using two methods: melt processing and solvent casting. The primary objective is to achieve high fiber dispersion and homogeneous bio composites. The dispersion state was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of these PLA-based bio composites were investigated. The present study highlights that the solvent method allows for the production of composites with homogeneous fiber dispersion while preserving their initial morphology. However, this method presents ecological drawbacks and challenges for industrial-scale development. In contrast, the melt processing method ensures good fiber dispersion and, despite some degree of fiber damage, does not significantly compromise the desired properties