Allen, Albert J.

Couvillion, Warren C.

Parrish, David

English

Research Papers in Economics

A Spatial Analysis  of the Food Wholesale
and Retail Trade Sectors in Mississippi
Warren C. Couvillion,  Albert J. Allen, and David Parrish
This study is a follow-up to "A Spatial Inven-
tory of Mississippi's Agribusiness  Sector"  (Parrish
et al.). The wholesale and retail trade accounted for
74 percent of the 12,944 records in the 1999 Missis-
sippi Agribusiness Inventory database in the above
mentioned  Spatial Inventory  study (Parrish et al.).
The  thrust of this new  study will be  to provide  a
closer examination of the wholesale, manufacturing,
and food-related  sectors  of Mississippi's  agribusi-
ness firns.
Data  will  be  placed  on  street  level  for  the
analysis.  Categories  are  based  on  The  Standard
Industrial  Classification (SIC) codes.  Only the SIC
codes that are agriculturally related  in Group 51-
Wholesale  Trade-Nondurable  Goods-are  consid-
ered for street level analysis. More specifically,  this
group  was  selected  from  the  514-Groceries  and
Related  Products;  5154-Livestock  Buyers;  5193-
Flowers, Nursery Stock,  and Florists'  Supplies.
The food manufacturing sector data will also be
presented  at  street level.  This  sector  includes  ap-
proximately  200 firms  in  19  different  SIC  codes.
These  data  will be  broken  down  into  10  or  less
categories.
In addition to the street verification, GIS layers
for  railroads  and  interstate  highways  will  be  in-
cluded.  The  sales volumes  of the respected  opera-
tions  will  be  represented  on  color  maps.  Also,  a
graphic  analysis  of the number of employees  and
sales data for the categories of wholesale groceries;
farm  product  raw  materials  wholesale;  flowers,
nursery stock, and florists supplies will be included.
A separate state map with street-level verification
for all that can be matched (streets and addresses) and
zip-code verification for all others will be produced
for each of the wholesale  SIC codes.  Additionally,
data on sales and number of employees will be graphi-
cally presented for each category. This data set hasjust
over 500 finns for Mississippi.  An example of the
manner in which the data will be presented is shown
on the  figure  labeled  Wholesale  Food  Trade  and
Figures  18,  19, and 20 from "A Spatial Inventory of
Mississippi's Agribusiness  Sector" (Parrish, et. al.).
Retail  outlets  and  other  firms  in  the  food
distribution network will be classified and placed in
GIS layers by zip code or county depending on the
method that allows for the best visual presentation.
Data will be on an interactive CD that will allow one
to zoom in to street level. At this time, the detailed
category breakdowns have not yet been determined.
There will be categories  for food stores; however,
convenience stores, grocery stores, and supermarkets
will be grouped as one SIC code. Another factor that
has not been resolved is how or whether to handle
input firms in the food sector or whether they should
be included  at all.
Data Problems
Several  problems  have  presented  themselves
while  working  with  GIS  data.  One  of the  major
problems  has  been  the  availability  of  street  ad-
dresses. Many firms have a post office box or a rural
route  address.  Where  possible,  911  addresses  are
used.  Some finns  do  not know  their 911  address,
and in  some counties,  the  process  of determining
911 addresses is incomplete.
Another problem encountered has been that the
street  addresses  and  data  bank  addresses  did  not
match. In Mississippi  and probably in other states,
this  problem  will  exist  until  all  areas  have  911
addresses.  For this case, the  database is  1998. The
911  changes  showed  up where  changes  have  oc-
curred on the street address package purchased from
Geographic  Data Technology (GDT).
Another  technical  problem  in  presentation  is
the display of data at street level in congested areas.
It is envisioned  that the publication will  be in the
form of an interactive CD or on the web in such a
manner that the reader will be allowed to "Zoom In"
on any state map with street-level data.
In  summary,  this  publication  will provide  a
visual representation  of the manufacturing,  whole-
sale,  and  retail  distribution  of Mississippi's  food
sector.  These  data should provide  the various seg-
ments  of the  food  industry  baseline  data  on  the
location  and size of firms in the food sector.  This
data will provide estimates of the economic  impact
and  the  impact  on the  labor  force  of the various
segments  of agribusiness associated with food..
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?ri  : i .iFigure  18.  Visual Representation of Mississippi's  Food Wholesale and Retail Trade
Infrastructure (1 dot = 1 organization)
Agribusiness Infrastructure
r^ Alp. by  i\  A:;:;^.;
oLdLic  Ui  IViilbb
Food Wholesale ai
Retail Trade
SIC Codes: 4221.
514, 515, 518, 519
5193, 5194,  5261,
58, 592,  5992, 599
9240 Organization
Farm  Product Warehous
Refrigerated Product W-
Groceries and Related F
Farm-Product  Raw Mate
Beer,  Wine, and Distillec
Farm  Supplies
Flowers  and Florists Sur
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I oUUiCC;U  dOl U  I uuaL;uU  F  iuuuULb  vv i  Ulc:;a;
Retail Nuseries and Garden Stores
Food Stores
Eating and Drinking Places
Liquor Stores
Sources: 1998  State Business Directory -
Mississippi by American Business Directories, In(
1999 Mississippi Manufacturers /  Cross-match
Directory by Mississippi Department
of Economic  and Community Development
32
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-
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L  Lt~_ _  . . I
,,,  IS  r:.
Figure 19
Number of Organizations Per Employee  Range
for Mississippi's Agribusiness Infrastructure
(Food  Wholesale and  Retail Trade / 9240 Mississippi  Businesses)
4500
4000
:
2  3500
N  3000
.C
;=  2500
. 2000
:-  1500
Q
E  1000O
2  500
0
lk  b  Nq  x
ts'v  Ig  sv
Numb er of Emp lye  es  P erO rganiz ation
So1we 1999  M  tsis  e  BMn SSDuodurr  SSfSCr  bnedcnn BusnessDweotoe..  Irc
1999  Mrosissqte  tUanu  aduereirotss-rnstdt  Drecit  ybyOtissoppi  epmtmerit  afEconoticanc ConmunityDeopoent
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Figure 20
Number of Organizations  Per Annual Sales  Range
for Mississippi's Agribusiness Infrastructure
(Food  Wholesale and Retail Trade / 9240 Mississippi Businesses)
Num ber of Organizatio ns
0  1000  2000  3000  4000  5000  6000
Less  than.$500,000
$50 0,00  .to  -$1  Million
o
*s  -$1  to  $2.5 Million
w  ;$2.5  to $'5  M illion
0
. g5$5  to '$10  Miilisn.
-*  $10  to  $20  M  illion
:  $20  to $  50  M illion
Ove r  50  M illion
Not Given
_  ____
. ........
I 51
Sou
199Couvillion, W.C.,  A..  Allen, andD. Parrish  ...  Food Wholesale and  Retail Sectors in Mississippi  45
References
"A  Spatial  Inventory  of Mississippi's  Agribusiness  Sector,"
David R Parrish, Warren C. Couvillion, Albert J. Allen,
Stephen  A.  Barlow,  and  Jarryl  B.  Ritchie,  MAFES
Bulletin No.  1108, July, 2000.
1998  State  Business  Directory  - Mississippi  by  American
Business Directories,  Inc.
1999 Mississippi Manufacturers  / Cross-Match  Directory  by
Mississippi  Department  of Economic  and  Community
Development.
Geographic Data Technology (GDT) Dynamap/Transportation
for the State of Mississippi, 2000.
Http://www.esri.com/library/glossary/glossarylhtml
Standard  Industrial Classification  Manual 1987.  Executive
Office  of  the  President,  Office  of  Management  and
Budget.

A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOOD WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE SECTORS IN MISSISSIPPI

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Research Papers in Economics