The rapid growth of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, has introduced significant challenges to grid reliability due to their intermittent and unpredictable nature. Energy storage systems (ESS) have emerged as a vital solution to balance supply and demand, but their efficiency and scalability depend on real-time monitoring, control, and optimisation. This work explores the role of the Internet of Things IoT-enabled energy storage systems in enhancing the integration of renewable energy into modern power grids. These systems enable dynamic energy management, predictive maintenance, and improved grid stability by leveraging IoT technologies — such as smart sensors, data analytics, and machine-to-machine communication. This study examines the architecture of IoT-enabled ESS, including hardware components (e.g., batteries, inverters) and software frameworks (e.g., cloud-based analytics, edge computing). It also investigates key benefits, such as increased energy efficiency, reduced operational costs, enhanced resilience against grid disruptions, and challenges like cybersecurity risks, data overload, and implementation costs. The work highlights real-world applications — such as microgrids and utility-scale projects — and demonstrates how IoT-driven ESS can support a sustainable energy future by reviewing existing literature and case studies. The findings underscore the transformative potential of IoT in bridging the gap between renewable energy generation and grid demands, offering insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers aiming to advance Smart grid technologies
