BASADO EN LA REVISIÓN DE GARRAPATAS DEPOSITADAS EN LA COLECCIÓN NACIONAL DE ÁCAROS, INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, ESTABLECEMOS LOS PRIMEROS REGISTROS EN MÉXICO PARA 2 ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO AMBLYOMMA: AMBLYOMMA CALCARATUM EX TAMANDUA MEXICANA Y AMBLYOMMA PACAE EX TAPIRUS BAIRDII. ESTOS NUEVOS REGISTROS INCREMENTAN A 26 EL NÚMERO DE ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO AMBLYOMMA DISTRIBUIDAS EN MÉXICO

ALBERTO A. GUBLIELMONE

CARMEN GUZMÁN CORNEJO

SANTIAGO NAVA

TILA M. PÉREZ

Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad

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Nota Científi caFirst records of the ticks Amblyomma calcaratum and A. pacae (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing mammals of MexicoPrimeros registros de las garrapatas  Amblyomma calcaratum y A. pacae (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitando mamíferos de MéxicoCarmen Guzmán-Cornejo1*, Tila M. Pérez1, Santiago Nava2 y Alberto A. Guglielmone2 1 Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, 3er Circuito exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., México.*Correspondent: cguzman@ibiologia.unam.mx2 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CC 22, C.P. 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, ArgentinaAbstract. Based on study of ticks deposited in the Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, we report the fi rst records in Mexico for two species of Amblyomma: Amblyomma calcaratum ex Tamandua mexicana, and Amblyomma pacae ex Tapirus bairdii. These new records increase the number of species recorded for the genus Amblyomma in Mexico to 26.Key words: Amblyomma calcaratum, Amblyomma pacae, Ixodidae, Mexico.Resumen. Basado en la revisión de garrapatas depositadas en la Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, establecemos los primeros registros en México para 2 especies del género Amblyomma: Amblyomma calcaratum ex Tamandua mexicana y Amblyomma pacae ex Tapirus bairdii. Estos nuevos registros incrementan a 26 el número de especies del género Amblyomma distribuidas en México.Palabras clave: Amblyomma calcaratum, Amblyomma pacae, Ixodidae, México.The genus Amblyomma (Koch, 1844) is one of the largest within Ixodida, and includes 130 species (Horak et al., 2002). Twenty four species have been recorded in Mexico parasitizing amphibians (2 species), reptiles (6), birds (2) and mammals (14), distributed mainly in the Neotropical region (18 tick species) (Table 1).As a part of a program to catalogue the ticks deposited in the Colección Nacional de Ácaros (CNAC), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, specimens belonging to the genus Amblyomma were studied: Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899 ex Tamandua mexicana (Saussure, 1860) from Catemaco,  Veracruz, and Amblyomma pacae Aragão, 1911 ex Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865) from Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas.Tick species were re-identifi ed following Jones et al. (1972), Guimarães et al. (2001), and descriptions of Robinson (1926), Boero and Prosen (1955),  Aragão and Fonseca (1961), and Boero and Delpietro (1971). For comparative purposes, photographs of Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann, 1899 and  Amblyomma  nodosum Neumann, 1899 were kindly provided by D. M. Barros-Battesti (Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil). The specimens identifi ed originally as A. coelebs were re- identifi ed as A. calcaratum, while identifi cation of A. pacae was confi rmed. Additionally, we present morphological diagnoses of both species, discussing briefl y the main characteristics used in their determination.Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann, 1899Male: Scutum long and oval, with numerous punctations, largest in the antero-lateral fi elds; fl at eyes, dentition of hypostome 3/3, marginal groove absent, dorsal base of capitulum broad, with strong cornua. Coxa I with two spurs almost equal in length; coxae II and III with one short, triangular spur; coxa IV with a spur at least three times longer than spurs on coxae II and III (Fig. 1); palps short and thick with a posterodorsal point on palpal article II.Female: As for male except: scutum cordiform; dorsal base of capitulum triangular; spur on coxa IV about two times longer than spurs on coxae II and III; palps long and slender; palpal article II with a slight oblique ridge.Host: Tamandua mexicana (Myrmecophagidae).Locality: Catemaco (18º25´N 95º06´W), May 29, 1964.Material studied: 1 male and 3 females labeled as A. coelebs Recibido: 06 diciembre 2005; aceptado: 27 febrero 2006Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 77:123-127, 2006http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2006.001.325                                   Guzmán-Cornejo et al.- Amblyomma calcaratum and A. pacae in Mexico124Table 1. Species of the genus Amblyomma recorded in Mexico.Tick speciesHosts groupDistribution in MexicoReferenceA. americanum (Linnaeus, 1758) †MammalsNearcticHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. auricularium (Conil, 1878)MammalsNearctic, NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. cajennense (Fabricius, 1787)Mammals, ReptilesNearctic, NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. coelebs Neumann, 1899MammalsNearctic, NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. dissimile Koch, 1844Amphibians, Mammals, ReptilesNeotropical Hoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. imitator Kohls, 1958Birds, MammalsNearctic, NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. inornatum (Banks, 1909)MammalsNearctic, Neoptropical Hoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. longirostre (Koch, 1844)Birds, Mammals NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. maculatum Koch, 1844MammalsNearctic, NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000; Woodham et al., 1983A. nodosum Neumann, 1899 MammalsNeotropicalKeirans, 1982A. oblongoguttatum Koch, 1844MammalsNearctic, NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. ovale Koch, 1844MammalsNeotropical Hoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. parvum Aragão, 1908MammalsNeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. pecarium Dunn, 1933MammalsNeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. rotundatum Koch, 1844Amphibians, ReptilesNearctic, NeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. sabanerae Stoll, 1894ReptilesNeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. triste  Koch, 1844MammalsNearcticWoodham et al., 1983 ‡; Guzmán-Cornejo et al., 2006A. breviscutatum Neumann, 1899 = (A. cyprium  Neumann, 1899; A. quasicyprium Robinson, 1926) *MammalsNeotropicalKeirans, 1985A. elaphense (Price, 1959) = (Aponoma elaphense Price, 1959)ReptilesNearcticDegenhardt, 1986A. scutatum Neumann, 1899 = (A. castañedai Vargas and Hoffmann, 1952) ReptilesNeotropicalHoffmann and López-Campos, 2000A. humerale Koch, 1844 ‡??Vargas, 1955A. multipunctum Neumann, 1899 ‡??Vargas, 1955A. tigrinum ‡ Koch, 1844?NeotropicalGraham et al., 1975A. tuberculatum  Marx, 1894 †?NeotropicalWoodham et al., 1983A. varium Koch, 1844 ‡??Vargas, 1955New recordsA. calcaratum Neumann, 1899MammalsNeotropicalThis workA. pacae Aragão, 1911MammalsNeotropicalThis work†The distribution of these species is essentially Nearctic; the record of A. americanum from Veracruz by Hoffmann and López-Campos (2000), lacks information about locality and host, and the record in Chiapas by Ortega Gutiérrez (1979) needs to be confi rmed. Likewise, the record of A. tuberculatum from Quintana Roo, Campeche and Yucatán needs also be confi rmed. ‡ These records lack information dealing with locality, hosts and reference specimens.  *A quasicyprium was described parasitizing primates from Mexico by Robinson (1926). However, Keirans (1985) stated that the specimens of A. quasicyprium from Mexico correspond to A. cyprium (Type depository: NMHN), and the locality and host used to describe it were incorrect. Currently A. cyprium is considered synonymous of A. breviscutatum, but the records for this species are for the Oriental and Australian Faunal Regions (Camicas et al., 1998). We consider that mexican material  needs to be re-evaluated, and for that reason we do not include it in the list of species recorded for Mexico.Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 77: 123-127, 2006              125         (CNAC002037).Collectors: Halfter and Reyes.The specimens studied, originally identifi ed as A. coelebs, lack the diagnostic characteristics of this species such as: marginal groove in males and a large, elongate, fl attened plate ventrally of palpal article I in females (see Boero and Prosen, 1955; Jones et al., 1972). These specimens most closely resemble A. nodosum and A. calcaratum, which frequently are found simultaneously on the same individual host (Fairchild et al., 1966); however, the male analyzed in this study does not have rugose palps (present in A. nodosum), and has a faint ridge on dorsal article II (which is strong in A. nodosum); in addition, article I of the palps in males of A. nodosum has a large ventral process (vs. small ventral process in the specimen from Catemaco), and a spur on coxa IV shorter than the spurs on coxae II and III, while in our specimen the spurs are at least three times longer (Figs. 1-2). Finally, the base of the capitulum in females originally identifi ed as A. coelebs is triangular whereas in A. nodosum it is slightly rectangular. Based on these traits, we re-identifi ed the specimens deposited under the accession number CNAC002037 as A. calcaratum.The scutal ornamentation is also used to separate A. calcaratum and A. nodosum (Aragão and Fonseca, 1961; Jones et al., 1972) but the ornamentation of the Mexican specimens has faded after decades of preservation in alcohol and only small reddish spots remain. Amblyomma calcaratum usually is found on Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 and Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) from Belize to Argentina (Guglielmone et al., 2003). Tamandua mexicana represents a new host record, but is not surprising considering that this tick species usually parasitizes members of the family Myrmecophagidae. The most northerly record of this species is a male collected from a fl annel drag in Kentucky, USA; however, the occurrence of this tick has been referred as accidental by Bloemer et al. (1987).Amblyomma pacae Aragão, 1911Female: Scutum with numerous small punctations evenly distributed (Fig. 3); fl at eyes. Dorsal base of capitulum subtriangular, without cornua; hypostome with dentition 3/3; two subequal and stout spurs on coxa I (the external slightly longer than the internal); coxae II and III with small and broad spur; coxa IV with a short triangular spur. Trochanters and tibiae without spurs. Host: Tapirus bairdii (Tapiridae)Locality: Tuxtla Gutiérrez (16º44´N 93º06´W), Chiapas, September 10, 1979.Material studied: 2 females labeled as A.  pacae (CNAC002273).Collector: M. A. Ocampo.Reexamination of this material allowed us to confi rm its original identifi cation, despite the fact that one of the specimens lacks scutal ornamentation, which is considered diagnostic (Aragão and Fonseca, 1961; Guimarães et al., 2001). However, inornate specimens of this tick species have been described (see Jones et al., 1972), and for this reason, the taxonomic validity of this character needs to be confi rmed.The common host of A. pacae is Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766), whose range includes southern Mexico (Wilson and Reeder, 1993). The fi nding of this tick species Figure 1. Amblyomma calcaratum male, ventral aspect of article I of palps and spurs coxae I-IV. Figure 2. Amblyomma nodosum male, ventral aspect of article I of palps and spurs coxae I-IV.                                    Guzmán-Cornejo et al.- Amblyomma calcaratum and A. pacae in Mexico126Figure 3. A. pacae female, scutum.on T. bairdii is the fi rst on this host; however, A. pacae has been also found on wild pigs, peccaries (Santos Dias, 1986) and Tamandua tetradactyla (Jones et al., 1972) in Suriname and Venezuela. Before the present work, its known range included Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, and Venezuela (Guglielmone et al., 2003). Although the fi ndings of A. calcaratum and A. pacae are not only the fi rst for Mexico but for North America (due to the record of A. calcaratum from Kentucky is considered accidental), they were to be expected. These species are found in South and Central America (Guglielmone et al., 2003) and the current Neotropical localities in southern Mexico appear to be a natural continuation of their distribution range. Both species have been reported infesting humans (Jones et al., 1972; Smith, 1974). Because information is lacking regarding whether or not they act as vectors of pathogens, further studies are needed.We acknowledge the support of INTA the Asociación Cooperadora INTA Rafaela to AG and SN, and to DGAPA-UNAM for the postdoctoral scholarship of the senior author. To Ricardo Paredes-León and Luis García-Prieto for the revision of the manuscript.Literature citedAragão, H. and F. da Fonseca. 1961. Nota de ixodologia. VIII. Lista e chave para os representantes da fauna ixodológica brasileira. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 59: 115-129.Bloemer, S. R., C. L. Russell and J. E. Keirans. 1987. Amblyomma calcaratum (Acari: Ixodidae), a Central and South American tick, found in Kentucky, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology 24: 117.Boero, J. J. and H. Delpietro. 1971. Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann, 1899 (Acarina: Ixodidae). Nueva especie para la fauna Argentina. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 52: 339- 341.Boero, J. J. and A. F. Prosen. 1955. Ixodideos de “anta”. Misión de Estudios de Patología Regional Argentina 26: 47- 55.Camicas, J. L., J. P. Hervy, F. Adam and P. C. Morel. 1998. Les Ticks du monde (Acarida, Ixodida) Nomenclature, Stades décrits, Hôtes, Repartition. Éditions de l’Orstom, Paris. 233.Degenhardt, W. G. 1986. The discovery of Aponoma elaphensis larvae (Acarina: Ixopdidae) on Elaphe subocularis (Reptilia: Colubridae). The Southwestern Naturalist 31:111.Fairchild, G. B., G. M. Kohls and V. J. Tipton. 1966. The ticks of Panama (Acarina: Ixodoidea). In Ectoparasites of Panama, W. R. Wenzel and V. J. Tipton (eds.). Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. p. 167-219. Graham, O. H., W. J. Gladney and L. G. Beltrán.  1975. Comparación de la distribución e importancia económica de Amblyomma maculata (sic) Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae) en México y los Estados Unidos. Folia Entomológica Mexicana 33: 66-67.Guglielmone, A. A., A. Estrada-Peña, J. E. Keirans and R. G. Robbins. 2003. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of  the Neotropical Zoogeographic Region. Special Publication, International Consortium on Ticks  Tick-borne Diseases, Atalanta, Houten, The Netherlands. 173 p.Guimarães, J. H., E. D. Tucci and D. M. Barros-Battesti. 2001. Ectoparasitos de importancia veterinaria. Pleiade-FAPESP, Sao Paulo. 218 p. 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Primeros registros de las garrapatas Amblyomma calcaratum y A. pacae (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitando mamíferos de México

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Primeros registros de las garrapatas Amblyomma calcaratum y A. pacae (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitando mamíferos de México

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