Jarausch, Barbara

Markheiser, Anna

Wahl, Friederike

Witczak, Natasha

English

OA OpenAgrar repository

www.julius-kuehn.dePentastiridius leporinus (Cixiidae) - Biology and identification –Friederike Wahl1, Natasha Witczak2, Barbara Jarausch1, Anna Markheiser11Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Siebeldingen, Germany 2 Agrarservice Hessen-Pfalz GmbH, Worms, GermanyInstitute für Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 SiebeldingenMorphology and IdentificationBiology and lifecycleThe planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Linnaeus 1761) is a member of the Cixiidea (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) family, which comprises almost 2,000 species worldwide (Holzinger et al., 2002). In Germany, P. leporinus is the main vector of two pathogens, the ƴ-3 proteobacterium `Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus` (ARSEPH) and `Ca. Phytoplasma solani` (PHYPSO) which causes the syndrome `basses richesses` (SBR) in sugar beets (Bressan et al., 2009). SBR is a  fast-spreading diseases in Central Europe that leads to high yield losses (Pfitzer et al., 2022). Recently, P. leporinus was found in potato fields in Germany and is associated with Stolbur-like symptoms in these crops and other root vegetables (Behrmann et al., 2022; Therhaag et al., 2024). The development of effective control measures requires a better understanding of P. leporinus biology, including its life cycle and feeding behavior. Fig. 4: Overview of characteristics for the identification of adult P. leporinus. A Photograph of a male (left) and female (right). B Forewing hyaline, slightly brownish with dark brown veins at the wing tip and dark pterostigma. C Femur with 6 spines on the tibia and more than 12 spines on the first and second tarsal phalanges. D Caput with tapering vertex. E Mesonotum (white-powdery) with 5 stripes. F Abdomen of a female adult with wax filaments (Behrmann, 2023).In centralEurope, P. leporinus produces one generation per year (Behrmann et al., 2022) and a diapause during the winter (Bressan, 2014). P. leporinus undergoes hemimetabolic development in the ground.Transmission of pathogensBackground~Fig. 6: The life cycle of P. leporinus. Development from the egg to the adult through five instar nymphs (N1–N5) (Behrmann et al., 2022).Size: 5 - 7 mm (males) to 6.5 – 9 mm (females)Body:  grey – brown forewings transparent, darker spot on the outermost lower edge narrow frontal field matt dorsal shield with 5 stripesIdentification of males by genital dissection, females only by barcodingFig. 5: Life cycle of Pentastiridius leporinus in the sugar beet and wheat crops. Modified according Bressan et al. (2011).Fig. 1: Instar N1 (Ifz,2023) Fig. 2: Instar N5 (Ifz,2023)DOI:10.5073/20250225-130235-0Fig. 7: Transmission strategies devised by insect-associated bacteria to persist in their hosts (Bressan, 2014). Phytoplasma transmission by the Cixiidae family Pathogens are depend on living organisms Infected cicadas remain infectious for life(a) Vertical Transmission: Transmission of the pathogen from the vector to the offspring, only for ARSEPH(b) Horizontal Transmission: Transmission of the pathogen from the infected plant to the sucking P. leporinus, e.g. PHYPSOAEDFCB♂ ♀DiapauseJuly-AugustOvipositionSeptember-DecemberN1-N3January-AprilN3-N5May-JulyAdultFig. 3: Adultes ♀ (Benson Kisinga, 2024)

Pentastiridius leporinus (Cixiidae) - Biology and identification –

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Pentastiridius leporinus (Cixiidae) - Biology and identification –

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