Species of parasitoids associated with synanthropic flies were collected in bovine kidney, inItumbiara, State of Goiás, from March 2001 to March 2002. The pupae were obtaíned by the flotation method. They were individualiy placed in gelatin capsules until the adult flies ortheir parasitoids emerge. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 23.9%. The parasitoidsBrachymería podagrica, Nasonia vitripennis, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, Paraganaspis egeria and Spalangia endius presented a parasitism prevalence of 7.0%, 12.4%, 3.5%, 0.5% and 0.6%, respectively.

Borges, Vanessa Rodrigues

Filho, Otacilio Moreira Silva

Marchiori, Carlos Henrique

Pereira, Luiz Alex

Ribeiro, Lalyne Cristhine Silva

Portuguese

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NOTAPARASITOIDS OF SYNANTHROPIC FLIESCOLLECTED IN BOVINE KIDNEY IN ITUMBIARA,STATE OF GOIÁS, BRAZILCarlos Henrique Marchiori, ' Luiz Alex Pereira,' Otacilio Moreira SilvaFilho,' Lalyne Cristhine Silva Ribeiro ~ and Vanessa Rodrigues Borges "ABSTRACTSpecies of parasitoids associated with synanthropic flies were collected in bovine kidney, inItumbiara, State of Goiás, from March 2001 to March 2002. The pupae were obtaíned by theflotation method. They were individualiy placed in gelatin capsules until the adult flies ortheir parasitoids emerge. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 23.9%. The parasitoidsBrachymería podagrica, Nasonia vitripennis, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, Paraganaspisegeria and Spalangia endius presented a parasitism prevalence of 7.0%, 12.4%, 3.5%, 0.5%and 0.6%, respectively.KEYWORDS: Diptera. Hymenoptera. Natural enemies. Parasitoids. Synanthropic flies.Diptera is an optimal model for the study of synanthropy, not onlybecause of its ecological importance, but also because of its medical-veterinaryaspects, particularly being vectors of agents such as amoeba cysts, helminth eggs,pathogenic enterobacteria, viruses and fungi. Diptera is one of the largest order ofinsects, comprising abundant number of species as well as of individuais.Besides, these dipterous are of great medicai and veterinarian importance sincethey may produce myiasis and may be vectors of microorganisms pathogenic toman and animais (Chow 1940, Greenberg 1971, D'Almeida 1992).A diverse fauna of parasitoids, which are responsible for the naturalcontrol of these dipterous, develops together with flies. Since parasitoidsoccupy a superior trophic levei, they act as determining factors on thepopulation densities of their hosts due to the diversity of their physiological andbehavioral adaptations. As a possibility to control these insects, the naturalregulators may be used, such as parasitoids, that are the agents responsible forthe reduction of the synanthropic fly populations (Mendes & Linhares 1993).1 Professor do Instituto Luterano de Ensino Superior de Itumbiara-ULBRA2 Bolsistas de Iniciação Científica do Instituto Luterano de Ensino Superior de Itumbiara (1LES-ULBRA).Endereço para correspondência: Av. Uruguai, 686, Bairro Jardim América - Itumbiara-Goiás, 75500-000.Recebido para publicação em 6/5/2002. Revisto em 30/10/2002. Aceito em 22/11/2002.Vol 31 (2) 249-252. jul.-dez. 2002The objective of this study was to evahiate tfae parasítoid species inbovine kiclney. It was conducted in an urban área of the College of Agronomy(Faculdade de Agronomia), located in Itumbiara County, State of Goiás, Brazil(18°25'S; 49°13' W). Flies were attracted to traps made of dull black tin-foilcans, measuring 19 cm in height and 9 cm in diameter, with two venetian blindtype openings placed in the inferior third to allow the insects to enter. To theupper part of the cans, nylon funnels with open extremities and bases turneddown were attached. These traps were then wrapped in plastic bags, which, afteriater removal, would allow the capture of flies and parasitoids. Bovine kidneydeposited on top of a soil layer was placed as bait inside each can. Fíve of thesetraps were suspended on Eucalyptus sp. trees at l m above lhe soil levei, 2 mapart from each other and 50 m away from a domestic garbage deposit. Thespecimens collected were taken to the laboratory, killed with ethyl ether, andpreserved in 70% ethanoí for further identification. After retrieval of insects, thetraps contents were placed into plastic containers, containing a layer of sand toserve as substrate for the larva population. After remaining 15 days in the field,the sand of these containers was sifted in order to extract the pupae produced inthe natural environment. These pupae were then individually transferred togelatin capsules (number 00) to obtaín flies and/or parasitoids.The prevalence of parasitism was calculated by the following formula:P=(parasite pupae/total of pupae)xlOO (Margolis et ai. 1982, Bush et ai. 1997).The preference of species for time of feces exposure was analyzed by the chi-square test.From March 2001 to March 2002, 1070 pupae of Diptera and 256specimens of parasitoid were collected. The overall prevalence of parasitism was23.9%. The high prevalence of parasitism can also be related to the collections ofgregarious parasitoids.Among the Diptera, Pecha chrysostoma (Wiedemann) (Diptera:Sarcophagidae) was the most abundant, comprising 51.7% of sampled insects,followed by Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) with33.6% (Table 1). From the hosts collected we should point out the importance ofthe species C. albiceps, because of its medicai importance for being responsiblefor the production of prirnary myiasis and more frequently, secondary myiasis aswell (Queiroz et ai. 1996). It hás also a significant role as predator of otherdipterous larvae. On the otíier hand, this dipterous takes relevant importance inpublic health, for being the vehicle of pathogenic microorganisms to humanbeings (Greenberg 1971; Marchenko 1985).Among the parasitoids collected (Table 1), Nasonia vitripennis(Walker) (Pteromalidae) was tiie most frequent species (52.0%), followed byBrachymeria podagrica (Fabricius) (Chalcididae) (29.3%). Nasonia vitripennisbehaves as gregarious parasitoid, it is ectoparasitoid in pupae of a variety speciesfrom the Diptera families, privately the Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidaeand Tachinidae (Rivers & Denlinger 1995).250 REVISTA DE PATOLOGIA TROPICALBrachymeria podagrica, N. vitripennis, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae(Rondani) (Pteromalidae), Paraganaspis egeria (Díaz, Gallardo & Wash)(Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and Spalangia endius (Walker) (Pteromalidae),presented a parasitism prevalence of 7.0%, 12.4%, 3.5%, 0.5% and 0.6%,respectively. A great number of individuais were obtained from the host C.albiceps in a total of 168 (46.7%) (Table 2).Table !. Parasitoids collected in bovine kidney from March 2001 to March2002 in Itumbiara, State of Goiás, Brazil.Taxonomic Group frequency percentageDIPTERA:Calliphoridae:Chrysomya albiceps 360 33.6Hemilucilia flavifacies 43 4.0Faniidae:Fannia pusio 41 3.8Sarcophagidae:Oxysarcodexia thornax 73 6.8Peckia chrysostoma 553 51.7Total 1070 99.9HYMENOPTERA:Chalcididae:Brachymeria podagrica 75 29.3Figitidae:Paraganaspis egeria 05 2.0Pteromalidae:Nasonia vitripennis 133 52.0Pachycrepoideus vindemiae 37 14.4Spalangia endius 06 2.3Total 256 100Table 2. Synanthropic flies and their parasitoids collected in bovine kidneyfrom March 2001 to March 2002 in Itumbiara, State of Goiás, Brazil.Taxonomic GroupFannia pusioChrysomya albicepsHemilucilia flavifaciesOxysarcodexia thornaxPeckia chrysostomafrequency413604373553SpeciesParaganaspis egeriaNasonia vitripennisPachycrepoideus vindemiaeBrachymeria podagricaBrachymeria podagricaBrachymeria podagricaPachycrepoideus vindemiaeSpalangia endiusfrequency05133350311610206prevalence12.236.99.77.015.111.00.41.1Vol. 31 (2): 249-252. jul-dez. 2002 25 lThe collected parasitoids showed the following preferences for flies: P.vindemiae by C. albiceps, B. podagrica by Oxysarcodexia thornax (Wiedemann)(Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and by P. chrysostoma (À2=352.3; GL=16; P<0.0001).Since íhe use of some chemical substances ío confroí ihís fly maycause damages to the environment as well as to human health, the search foreffective natural enernies might be a viable altemative to hold this vector in acontrol program.RESUMOParasitóides de moscas sinantrópicas coletados em rim bovino em Itumbiara,estado de Goiás, BrasilForam coletadas espécies de parasitóides associadas com moscas sinatrópicas emrim bovino em Itumbiara, no estado de Goiás, entre março de 2001 e março de2002. As pupas foram obtidas pelo método de flutuação, sendo colocadasindividualmente em cápsulas de gelatina até a emergência de moscas adultas ouseus parasitóides. A prevalência de parasitismo foi de 23,9%. Os parasitóidesBmchymeria podagrica, Nasonia vitripennis, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae,Paraganaspis egeria e Spalangia endius apresentaram a prevalência deparasitismo de 7,0%, 12,4%, 3,5%, 0,5% e 0,6%, respectivamente.DESCPJTORES: Diptera. Hymenoptera. Inimigos naturais. Parasitóides.Moscas sinantrópicas.REFERENCES1. Bush AO, Lafferty KD, Lotz JM, Shostak AW. Parasitology meets ecology on its ownterms: Margolis et ai. Revisited. J Parasitai 54:575-583, 1997.2. Chow CY. The common blue bottle fly Chrysomya megacephala as a carrier of pathogenicbactéria in Beijing, Chin Chin Med 57:145-153, 1940.3. D'Almeida JM. Calyptrate Diptera (Muscidae and Anthomyidae) of the State of Rio deJaneiro - I. Synanthropy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87: 381 -386, 19924. Greenberg B. Flies and disease - ecology, classification and biotic association - Vol.l,Princeton Univ. Press. New Jersey, 1971.5. Margolis L, Esch GW, Holmes JC, Kuris AM, Schad GA. The use of ecological terms inparasitology (report of a ad hoc committee of the American Society of Parasitologists). JParasito! (55:131-133,1982.6. Marchenko MI. Characteristic of development of the fly Chrysomya albiceps (Wd.)(Diptera, Calliphoridae). Entornai Obozr (54:79-84,1985.7. Mendes J, Linhares AX. Atratividade por iscas, sazonalidade e desenvolvimento ovarianoem várias espécies de Muscidae (Diptera). RevBras Entornai 37:289-297, 1993.8. Queiroz MMC, Mello RP, Freire MS. The effect of different proportions the Chrysomyaalbiceps (Wiedemann 1819) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) biotic potential and longevity underlaboratory conditions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97:243-247, 1996.9. Rivers DB, Denlinger DL. Fecundity and development of the ectoparasitic wasp Nasoniaviiripennis are dependent on host quality. Entomol Exp Ap 70:15-24, 1995.252 REVISTA DE PATOLOGIA TROPICAL

PARASITOIDS OF SYNANTHROPIC FLIES COLLECTED IN BOVINE KIDNEY IN ITUMBIARA, STATE OF GOIÁS, BRAZIL

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PARASITOIDS OF SYNANTHROPIC FLIES COLLECTED IN BOVINE KIDNEY IN ITUMBIARA, STATE OF GOIÁS, BRAZIL

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