Korányi, Dávid

Károlyi, Balázs

Merkl, Ottó

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Folia ent. hung. 78, 2017F O L I A  E N T O M O L O G I C A  H U N G A R I C AR OVARTAN I KÖZL E M É N Y E KVolume 78 2017 pp. 71–76DOI: 10.17112/FoliaEntHung.2017.78.71First record of Cybocephalus nipponicus in Hungary (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae)Ottó Merkl1*, Balázs Károlyi2 & Dávid Korányi31Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, H-1088 Budapest, Baross utca 13, Hungary. E-mail: merkl.otto@nhmus.hu2H-1039 Budapest, Kirá lyok ú tja 184, 2/7, Hungary. E-mail: karolyi.balazs@gmail.com3University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Department of Animal Science, H-8361 Keszthely, Deák Ferenc utca 16, Hungary. E-mail: koranyi@georgikon.huAbstract – Native in southern and eastern Asia and the South Pacifi c, but introduced into other parts of the world, Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrődy-Younga, 1971 (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae) is reported from Hungary based on specimens collected in Budapest, Hungary, representing a new country record for the species. Th is is likely a recent introduction, the level of establishment is unknown. With 3 fi gures.Key words – Cucujoidea, Diaspididae, introduced species, scale insectsINTRODUCTIONTh e family Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) is a small assem-blage of minute (0.5–2.5 mm long) beetles with ca. 150 described species in eight genera – the majority belongs to the genus Cybocephalus Erichson, 1844 (Hisamatsu 2013, Smith & Cave 2006a). Both larvae and adults are predators, preying mainly on armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Th e group was recognised either as a subfamily of Nitidulidae or a distinct family, its taxo-nomic history was discussed in the introductory parts of Cline et al. (2014) and Hisamatsu (2013). Molecular phylogenetic studies (Cline et al. 2014, Bocak et al. 2014, Robertson et al. 2015) support recognition of the group as a sepa-rate family.Until now, four species of the family have been recorded from Hungary (Endrődy-Younga 1968, Jelínek & Audisio 2007): Cybocephalus fodori Endrődy-Younga, 1965, C. politus (Gyllenhal, 1813), C. pulchellus Erichson, 1845 * Corresponding author.O. Merkl, B. Károlyi & D. Korányi72Folia ent. hung. 78, 2017and C. rufi fr ons Reitter, 1874 (occurrence of the last species within present-day Hungary needs confi rmation). In the summer of 2015 and the autumn of 2016 and 2017, a fi ft h species, the scale picnic beetle Cybocephalus nipponicus was found in four localities of urban Budapest, the capital city of Hungary.CYBOCEPHALUS NIPPONICUS IN HUNGARYOn 15 October 2017 the second author (BK) posted photos of a distinctive-ly patterned minute beetle on the website Ízeltlábúak.hu operated by him (“ízelt-lábúak” means “arthropods”). Th e original post is found at <https://www.izelt-labuak.hu/talalat/14626>, and shows a specimen observed on a yellow-washed wall of the Békásmegyer housing estate in District III, Budapest. Th e voucher (Figs 1–2) was donated to the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM), where OM identifi ed it as Cybocephalus nipponicus.Th e third author (DK) collected beetles in parks and avenues of diff erent locations in Budapest by beating foliage of fi eld maple (Acer campestre L.) as part of his three-years PhD research project (Arthropod community of urban maple trees). In November 2017, several samples of beetles (mainly small-sized, hairy Coccinellidae) were passed on to OM for identifi cation. Individuals of C. nip-ponicus were found in three samples. Seven specimens were collected in Rákóczi tér [square], which is a small (less than one hectare) park around a subway station in District VIII of Budapest, covered by ornamental trees, small shrubs, grassy patches and concrete surfaces and surrounded by multi-storey buildings and roads with heavy traffi  c. One specimen was collected in Hunyadi tér [square], which is also a small (about one hectare) park in District VI, with vegetation similar to that of Rákóczi tér and also with a small food market. One specimen was collected in the Buda Arboretum of the Szent István University in District XI, which is a 7.5-hectare botanical garden around the buildings of the university, surrounded by roads and old villas with gardens.Material – HUNG., Budapest, XI. kerület [district], Budai Arborétum, N 47.480389°, E 19.036833°, Acer campestre, 29.VII.2015, leg. Dávid Korányi (1 male, HNHM); HUNG., Budapest, VI. kerület [district], Hunyadi tér [square], N  47.505917°, E  19.066722°, Acer campestre, 14.X.2016, leg. Dávid Korányi (1 female, HNHM); HUNG., Budapest, VIII. kerület [district], Rákóczi tér [square], N  47.492722°, E  19.072167°, Acer campestre, 27.IX.2017, leg. Dávid Korányi (4 males, 3 females, HNHM); HUNG., Budapest, III. ker. [district], Békásmegyer, Heltai Jenő tér [square], sárga házfalról [from yellow-washed house wall], N 47.597887°, E 19.057460°, 15.X.2017, leg. Balázs Károlyi (1 male, HNHM).First record of Cybocephalus nipponicus in Hungary 73Folia ent. hung. 78, 2017DISCUSSIONDistribution – Cybocephalus nipponicus was redescribed and its bionomics and distribution were reviewed by Smith & Cave (2006a, b) and Hisamatsu (2013, see also references therein). Th e species is indigenous in East (Korea, China, Japan), South (India, Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia (Th ailand, Singapore) and in Micronesia (Palau, Mariana Islands) (Endrődy-Younga 1971, Jelínek & Audisio 2007). As a biological control agent against various armoured scale insect species it was deliberately introduced from Korea and Th ailand to the eastern United States (several times), where it has been established and currently is widely distributed (Smith & Cave 2006a, b). Other documented events of human-mediated introduction include the one from Florida to the West Indies (Smith & Cave 2007), from Th ailand to Taiwan (Smith & Bailey 2007, Song et al. 2012) and South Africa (Labuschagne et al. 1996). Th e species was also found in Hawaii, but its introduction must have been accidental (Ewing 2004).In Europe, C. nipponicus was recorded for the fi rst time from Italy (Lupi 2002). Although unpublished, the species was observed in France, according to a post on the forum Le Monde des insectes <https://www.insecte.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=149434> that shows a photo of the unmistakable male of C. nip ponicus from 21 November 2015. Th ese records may be results of unintention-al introduction.Th e same holds for the Hungarian records. Th e source of introduction is un-known; the four known occurrences in urban environment (in areas of the highest population density in Budapest, Fig. 3) suggest that the species might have been accidentally brought in with ornamental plants infested with diaspidid scales.Prey species – Th irteen diaspidid species were listed as hosts of C. nipponi-cus by Smith & Cave (2006a), and further four were added by Song et al. (2012). In a no-choice host-specifi city test adults fed also on one species each of Asterolecaniidae, Coccidae and Pseudococcidae, but no oviposition took place on these scales (Song et al. 2012). Adults were observed devouring eggs of cit-rus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) (Acari: Tetranychidae), but ova-ries of such female adults remained undeveloped, and were unable to lay eggs (Tanaka & Inoue 1980). Consequently, the life cycle of C. nipponicus can ap-parently be completed only with feeding on armoured scale species.Th e hosts of C. nipponicus in Hungary are unknown as yet. DK found the euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock, 1881) on wintercreeper, Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz. near the maple trees in Rákóczi tér; this diaspidid might be a prey species of the beetle. Unaspis euonymi was the fi rst scale spe-cies against which C. nipponicus was released in the United States (Drea & Carlson 1988).O. Merkl, B. Károlyi & D. Korányi74Folia ent. hung. 78, 2017Figs 1–3. Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrődy-Younga, 1971: 1 = live male, 2 = mounted male (scale 0.2 mm), 3 = known occurrences in Budapest1 23First record of Cybocephalus nipponicus in Hungary 75Folia ent. hung. 78, 2017Identifi cation – C. nipponicus may be quite easily distinguished from its con-geners occurring in Hungary. Th e male colour pattern is distinctive (Figs 1–2): head and pronotum are yellow and elytra are black (frons of male C. politus and C. rufi fr ons is yellowish red, but their pronotum is black, except ill-defi ned yel-lowish translucent lateral margins). Females of all species are unicoloured black dorsally, but the punctural interspaces of pronotum and elytra on C. nipponicus are smooth and glossy (interspaces, especially on elytra, are microreticulated and alutaceous on the other species). Some male specimens of C. nipponicus have dark brown to black pronotum (Hisamatsu 2013), but the smooth interspaces separate them from its congeners in Hungary.Th e proposed Hungarian name of C. nipponicus is japán pajzstetvészbogár (meaning Japanese scale-hunting beetle).*Acknowledgements – Th anks are due to Sadatomo Hisamatsu (Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama) for providing valuable literature, to Dalma Zsuzsanna Dedák (Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Nature Conservation, Budapest), for producing the map (Fig. 3) and to Tamás Németh (HNHM) for taking the photos (Figs 1–2) and to Dávid Rédei (Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin and HNHM) for comments improving our text. We are grateful to Viktor Markó and the staff  of the De-partment of Entomology, Szent István University (Budapest) for their assistance during our work.REFERENCESCline A. R., Smith T., Miller K., Moulton M. & Whiting M. 2014: Higher phylogenetics of Nitidulidae: assessment of subfamilial and tribal classifi cations, and formalization of the family Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). – Systematic Entomology 39: 758–772.  https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12084Bocak L., Barton C., Crampton-Platt A., Chesters D., Ahrens D. & Vogler A. P. 2014: Building the Coleoptera tree-of-life for >8000 species: composition of public DNA data and fi t with Linnaean classifi cation. – Systematic Entomology 39: 97–110.  https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12037Drea J. J. & Carlson R. W. 1988: Establishment of Cybocephalus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Korea on Unaspis euonymi (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in the eastern United States. – Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 90: 307–309.Endrődy-Younga S. 1968: Monographie der paläarktischen Arten der Familie Cybocephalidae (Co leo ptera: Clavicornia). – Acta zoologica Academiae scientiarum hungaricae 14(1–2): 27–115.Endrődy-Younga S. 1971: Neue Ergebnisse bei der Bearbeitung der paläarktischen und orien-talischen Cybocephaliden (Coleoptera: Clavicornia). – Acta zoologica Academiae scientiarum hungaricae 17(3–4): 243–249.Ewing C. P. 2004: New records and taxonomic updates for adventive sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Hawai`i. – Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 79: 42–47.Hisamatsu S. 2013: A review of the Japanese Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea). – Zootaxa 3616: 253–267. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3616.3.3O. Merkl, B. Károlyi & D. 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First record of Cybocephalus nipponicus in Hungary (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae)

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First record of Cybocephalus nipponicus in Hungary (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae)

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