This is the first report of this important pest as host of this egg parasitoid. The association was registered in soybean crops in Tucumán, Argentina.Se reporta por primera vez a Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera : trichogrammatidae) parasitando huevos de la "oruga medidora" Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) (Lepdoptera: Noctuidae). Este es el primer registro de esta importante plaga como hospedador de T. bruni. Esta asociación fue registrada en cultivos de soja en Tucumán, ArgentinaFil: Valverde, Liliana. Fund.Miguel Lillo. Dir.de Zoologia. Instituto de Entomologia; ArgentinaFil: Querino, Ranyse B.. Ministerio Da Agricultura Pecuaria E Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; BrasilFil: Virla, Eduardo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (i); Argentin

Querino, Ranyse B.

Valverde, Liliana

Virla, Eduardo Gabriel

Acta Zoológica Lilloana

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L. Valverde et al.: First record of Rachipulsia nu as host of Trichogramma bruni248Recibido: 07/10/14 – Aceptado: 03/12/14First record of Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ashost of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma bruni (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)N O TAThe «sunflower looper» Rachiplusia nu(Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a veryimportant pest of soybean in northwesternArgentina (Valverde, 2007; Valverde et al.,2008b). In our country, soybean pests arecontrolled by chemical pesticides, althoughrecently transgenic germplasm expressingthe Cry protein of Bacillus thuringiensis havebeen sown to control Lepidoptera larvae.Resistance of lepidopteran pests both to in-secticides (Felland et al., 1990; Yu, 1992;Thomas et al., 1996; Mascarenhas and Boet-hel, 1997) and to Cry proteins of Bt events(Mascarenhas et al., 1998; Zhang et al.,2013) has been reported. To solve the prob-lem of soybean pests, a rational manage-ment plan should be generated, consideringall the factors affecting the crop and its pro-ductivity, focusing on the establishment of anintegrated pest management (IPM). Weshould aspire to reduce or eliminate the useValverde, Liliana1; Ranyse B. Querino2; Eduardo G. Virla31 Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina,lvalverde@hotmail.com.2 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA, Brazil, ranyse@cpamn.embrapa.br3 CONICET- Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, (4000) San Miguel de Tucu-mán, Argentina, evirla@hotmail.com.Resumen — Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is record-ed parasitizing eggs of the “sunflower looper”, Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctui-dae). This is the first report of this important pest as host of T. bruni. The association wasregistered in soybean crops in Tucumán, Argentina.Keywords: Sunflower looper, soybean pest, Argentina, association host-parasitoid.Abstract — “Primera cita de Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) como hospeda-dor del parasitoide de huevos Trichogramma bruni (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)”. Sereporta por primera vez a Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)parasitando huevos de la “oruga medidora” Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Este es el primer registro de esta importante plaga como hospedador de T. bruni. Estaasociación fue registrada en cultivos de soja en Tucumán, Argentina.Palabras clave: oruga medidora, plagas de soja, Argentina, asociación hospedador-para-sitoide.of pesticides and minimize the impact ofagricultural activities on the environment. Inthis context, an accurate knowledge of thenatural mortality factors affecting the pestsis indispensable.In Tucumán province, the soybean defoli-ating caterpillars have few larval parasitoids(Berta et al., 2009) but egg parasitoids aremore relevant reaching high parasitism rates(Valverde and Virla, 2007). Until now, onlyTrichogramma pretiosum Riley and Encarsiaporteri (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)were recorded as egg parasitoids of R. nu inthe region (Frías et al., 1993; Ovruski andFrías, 1995; Valverde and Virla, 2007). Sur-veys to study the Trichogramma species andtheir associated hosts in soybean crops wereoccasional, and even more so in the north-western region of the country. Thus, T. pre-tiosum from eggs of A. gemmatalis (Hübner)(Erebidae: Eulepidotinae), R. nu and Chryso-deixis includens Walker (Noctuidae: Plusii-nae) were reported by Frías et al. (1993)Acta zoológica li l loana 58 (2): 248–250, 2014 248Acta zoológica li l loana 58 (2): 248–250, 2014 249and Valverde and Virla (2007). Later, T. bru-ni parasiting the eggs of A. gemmatalis wasmentioned by Valverde et al. (2008a). Theimportance of soybean and its associatedpests, and the limited information on bio-logical control agents in the crop, deter-mined the need to intensify studies to im-prove the knowledge of the egg parasitoidscomplex in this agroecosystem.The surveys were conducted during threegrowing seasons in a commercial soybeancrop (80 ha) at the Institute of Animal Re-search for the semiarid Chaco (INTA IIACS)in Santa Rosa de Leales (Leales Department,Tucumán, Argentina, 27º11’34.85'’S –65°13’31.96’’W, 327 m). Eggs of R. nu werecollected from soybean plants and placedindividually in gelatin capsules (2 cm x 0.5cm diameter). Eggs were checked periodical-ly to verify the larvae hatching or emergenceof adults of parasitoids. Identification ofeggs at a specific level was performed ac-cording to the structure and design of themicropilar area of the chorion according toAngulo and Weigert (1974) and Angulo andOlivares (1991).Parasitoids identification was based onthe male genitalia, following the specifickeys of Pinto (1999) and of Querino andZucchi (2005). This work was performed inthe laboratories of the Institute of Entomolo-gy, Miguel Lillo Foundation (Tucumán),where voucher specimens were deposited.EXAMINED MATERIAL1 Ÿ, 2 ÿÿ, Santa Rosa de Leales, Tu-cumán, 14-II-06, Valverde col., ex Rachiplu-sia nu; 1 Ÿ, Santa Rosa de Leales, Tucumán,06-III-06, Valverde col., ex Rachiplusia nu; 2ŸŸ, 5 ÿÿ, S. R. de Leales, Tucumán, 13-III-06, Valverde col., ex Rachiplusia nu; 1 Ÿ, 3ÿÿ, S. R. de Leales, Tucumán, 23-III- 06,Valverde col,, ex Rachiplusia nu.Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja was de-scribed from specimens obtained from eggsof an unidentified Notodontidae species col-lected in Minas Gerais, Brazil (Nagaraja,1983). It is distributed in the Neotropicalregion (Mexico, Costa Rica, Trinidad andTobago, Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil, Chileand Argentina) (Noyes, 2014). In Argentina,it was previously registered for Iguazú (Mis-iones) without mention of hosts (Querinoand Zucchi, 2002) and later it was reportedin soybean crops in Tucumán, in the sameregion where Rachiplusia nu specimens werecollected (Valverde et al., 2008a). Its known host species belong to differ-ent families of Lepidoptera such as: Not-odontidae, Hesperiidae [Urbanus proteus(L.)], Erebidae [Anticarsia gemmatalis Hüb-ner, Hypocala andremona (Stoll), Anomissp.], Geometridae [Erosina hyberniata(Guenée) and Melanolophia sp.], Nymphal-idae [Hamadryas feronia Fruhstorfer, Helico-nius sp. Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius),Mechanitis lysiminia (Fabricius)], Gelechi-idae (Sitotroga cerealella), Pyralidae (Ephe-stia kuehniella, Corcyra cephalonica) (Pinto,1999; Querino and Zucchi, 2002; Pratissoliet al., 2007; Valverde et al., 2008a; Zucchiet al., 2010). Different aspects of its repro-ductive biology reared on alternative hostswere provided by Da Silva Dias et al.(2010). This study establishes the first recordof Rachiplusia nu as host of Trichogrammabruni.LITERATUREAngulo A. O., Weigert G. T. 1974. Rachiplusianu (Guenée) estados inmaduros y biología(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Boletín de la So-ciedad de Biología, Concepción, XLVIII:117-122.Angulo A. O., Olivares T. S. 1991. Microestruc-tura del exocorion en huevos de algunasespecies de noctuidos (Lepidoptera: Gloss-ata: Noctuidae). Anales del Instituto de laPatagonia, Serie Ciencias Naturales, PuntaArenas (Chile), 20 (1): 95-100.Berta D. C., Colomo M. V., Valverde L., Rome-ro Sueldo M., Dode M. 2009. Aportes alconocimiento de los parasitoides de larvasde Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) en el cultivo desoja, en Tucumán, Argentina. Acta zoológi-ca lilloana, 53 (1-2): 16-20.Da Silva Dias N., Postali Parra J. R., Dos San-tos Dias C.T. 2010. Tabela de vida de fer-tilidade de três espécies neotropicais deTrichogrammatidae em ovos de hospedei-ros alternativos como critério de seleçãohospedeira. Revista Brasileira de Entomolo-gia, 54 (1): 120-124.L. Valverde et al.: First record of Rachipulsia nu as host of Trichogramma bruni250Felland C. M., Pitre H. N., Luttrel R. G., Ha-mer J. L. 1990. Resistance to pyrethroidinsecticides in soybean looper (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in Mississippi. Journal of Econo-mic Entomology, 83: 35-40.Frías E. A., Ovruski S. M., Popich S. B. 1993.Parasitoides de huevos de lepidópteros noc-tuidos encontrados en cultivos de soja y suevaluación como agentes de control. Revis-ta de Investigación, CIRPON, 9: 29-35.Mascarenhas R. N., Boethel D. J. 1997. Res-ponses of field collected strains of soybeanlooper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selectedinsecticides using an artificial diet overlaybioassay. Journal of Economic Entomology,90 (5): 1117-1124.Mascarenhas R. N., Boethel D. J., Leonard B.R., Boyd M. L., Clemens C. G. 1998.Resistance monitoring to Bacillus thuringien-sis insecticides for soybean loopers (Lepi-doptera: Noctuidae) collected from soybeanand transgenic Bt-cotton. Journal of Econo-mic Entomology, 91(5): 1044-1050.Nagaraja H. 1983. Description of new Tricho-grammatidae (Hymenoptera) from Brazil.Revista Brasileira de Biología, 43: 37-44.Noyes J. S. 2014. Universal Chalcidoidea Data-base. World Wide Web electronic publica-tion. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids(last access September 10, 2014)Ovruski S. M., Frías E. A. 1995. Presencia deEncarsia porteri (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)parasitoidizando huevos de lepidópteros noc-tuidos plagas de cultivo de soja en Tucu-mán, Argentina. Revista de la SociedadEntomológica Argentina, 54 (1-4): 25-29.Pinto J. D. 1999. Systematics of the NorthAmerican species of Trichogramma West-wood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).Memoirs Entomological Society of Washing-ton, 22: 1-287.Pratissoli D., Polanczyk R. A., Dalvi L. P., DaSilva A. F., De Melo D. F., Celestino F.N.2007. First report of parasitism of theTrichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenopte-ra: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of Urbanusproteus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) insnap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (L.). Neo-tropical Entomology, 36(3): 487-488.Querino R. B., Zucchi R. A. 2002. Intraspeci-fic variation in Trichogramma bruni Nagara-ja, 1983 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammati-dae) associated with different hosts. Brazi-lian Journal of Biology, 62 (4): 665-679.Querino R. B., Zucchi R. A. 2005. An illustra-ted key to the species of Trichogramma(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) of Bra-sil. Zootaxa, 1073: 37-60.Thomas J. D., Ottea J. A., Boethel D. J.,Ibrahim, S. 1996. Factors influencing pyre-throid resistance in a permethrin selectedstrain of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusiaincludens. Pesticide Biochemistry and Phy-siology, 55: 1-9.Valverde L. 2007. Abundancia y distribución delos huevos de las principales especies delepidópteros noctuidos plagas en el cultivode soja en Tucumán, Argentina. Boletín deSanidad Vegetal (Plagas), 33: 163-168.Valverde L., Virla E. G. 2007. Parasitismo na-tural de huevos de las principales especiesde Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) plagas en elcultivo de soja en Tucumán, Argentina.Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal (Plagas), 33:469-476.Valverde L., Virla, E. G., Querino R. 2008a.Primera cita de Trichogramma bruni Naga-raja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)parasitoide de huevos de Anticarsia gem-matalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) enArgentina. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal (Pla-gas), 35 (1): 25-27.Valverde L., Romero Sueldo M., Colomo M. V.,Berta C., Dode M. 2008b. Lepidópterosnoctuidae plagas en el cultivo de soja enTucumán, Argentina. 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Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is recorded parasitizing eggs of the "sunflower looper", Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is recorded parasitizing eggs of the "sunflower looper", Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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