This paper examines the issues of cloud computing (“cloud”). Tells the story of a “cloud”, a “cloud” is described, as well as providing cloud services. Giving analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of “cloud”

Aliyev, Alekper

Samadov, Ramin

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Комп’ютернi мережевi технологiїUDC 681.3cloud computing: history, present status and perspectivesSamadov Ramin, Aliyev AlekperBaku State University, AzerbaijanAbstractThis paper examines the issues of cloud computing (“cloud”). Tells the story of a “cloud”, a “cloud”is described, as well as providing cloud services. Giving analysis of the advantages and disadvantagesof “cloud”.The modern world has a lot of services, without which it is difficult to imagine today. Thesetechnologies include the well-known e-mail GMAIL, a large collection of online documentsGOOGLE DOCS and etc. All of these technologies belong to the "cloud computing"("cloud")[1,2]. What’s new in this, and why everyone is talking about the "cloud"? What is the cause ofthe growing popularity of the term? As in many matters, and in this case, significant space isdevoted to the question of economy, IT-costs [3]. The fact that the use of computing "clouds theconsumers of information technology can significantly reduce capital expenditure on constructi-on of data centers, purchase of server and network equipment, hardware and software solutionsto ensure the continuity and efficiency, as these costs takes provider of cloud services. In additi-on, long-term construction and commissioning of major projects of IT-infrastructure and highinitial costs limit the ability of consumers to respond flexibly to market demands, while thecloud technology provide the ability to instantly respond to the increasing demand for computi-ng power. First of all, consider the history of a "cloud".In the first idea of what we now call cloud computing was announced by JCR Licklider,in 1970. In the years created ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). Theidea was that every person on earth will be connected to the network, from which he will receivenot only the data on and the software. Unfortunately a number of factors to a certain pointdoes not allow the development of "cloud."This moment has come to growing of the bandwidthInternet in the 90 years that allowed us to obtain a significant leap in the development ofcloud technology. One of the most significant developments in this field was the emergence ofSalesforce.com in 1999. This company became the first company granted access to applicationsvia the website, in fact, this company became the first company to provide its software on theprinciple - software as a service.The next step was the development of cloud web service byAmazon in 2002. This service allows to store, information and perform calculations. In 2006,Amazon launched a service called Elastic Compute cloud (EC2), a web service that allowedusers to run their own applications. Services Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3 are the first availablecloud computing services. Another milestone in the development of the cloud occurred after theestablishment by Google, Google Apps platform for web applications in the business sector.Today, the "cloud"is very much developed and has three models [4]:1. There is “Private Cloud”, the infrastructure for use by one organization, which includesseveral units of the consumer, perhaps even customers and suppliers. Of course - this isnot a strong innovation, since this model was in the beginning of the creation of computernetworks in different organizations.2. The next model is a relatively new and it’s called “Public Cloud” - infrastructure, desi-gned for free public use. A public "cloud"can be owned, management and operation ofcommercial, academic and government organizations.3. On the same wave of "cloud"acquired its hybrid variant called as “Hybrid Cloud”, implyinga combination of two or more different cloud infrastructures (private, public or public) thatremain unique entities but linked together by standardized or private data technologiesand applications.Turn the top of the listed models of clouds are divided among themselves by the servicesthat they provide.а) Thus there is a service "Software as a Service» (SaaS, ie Software-as-a-Service), in whichthe consumer the opportunity to use application software provider, operating in the cloud.This software is usually available from a variety of client applications, for example, from129Комп’ютернi мережевi технологiїany browser. An example of such a service can provide a well-known Internet serviceGmail.b) Another variation is "Platform as a Service» (PaaS, that is, Platform-as-a-Service), whichinvolves providing a platform on which you can install any software that is supported bythe platform. The consumer is able to use cloud infrastructure to accommodate the basicsoftware and then adding to it new applications. Examples include well-known and highlydeveloped web hosting.c) It remains the last type of cloud services, called "Infrastructure as a Service» (IaaS, thatis, Infrastructure-as-a-Service). The service is available in this case as an opportunity touse cloud infrastructure for self-management of resources, processing, storage, networkingand other fundamental computing resources. For example, a client can install and runarbitrary software, which can include both operating systems and application softwareplatform. That is, the client is given a platform on which a client that wants to be set upand handle.Consider the advantages and disadvantages of "clouds."The advantage of "cloud"shouldinclude the following:Availability – the cloud accessible to all, from any location where there is Internet accessfrom any computer with a browser. This allows users (businesses) to save on the purchase ofhigh-performance, expensive computers.Low cost due to reduced expenditure on maintenance of virtual infrastructure caused by thedevelopment of virtualization technologies at the expense of requiring a smaller staff to servicethe entire IT infrastructure. Using a cloud on loan allows users to reduce costs for the purchaseof expensive equipment, and to focus on investing funds in setting up the business processes ofthe enterprise.Flexible – unlimited computational resources (memory, processor, disks), through the useof virtualization, scalability, and administration process "cloud"becomes quite an easy task, asthe "cloud"itself can give you the resources you need, and you only pay for actual use.Disadvantages include the following:A permanent connection to the network – to get access to "cloud"should be a permanentconnection to the Internet.Software and its customization – there are restrictions on software that can be deployed onthe "clouds"and give it to the end users.Confidentiality – the confidentiality of data stored on the public "clouds"are causing a lotof controversy, but in most cases, experts agree that it is not recommended to store the mostvaluable to the company documents to the public "cloud."Safety – the "cloud"itself is a fairly reliable system, but it penetrates the attacker gainsaccess to a vast data store.In this paper we investigate in more detail the issues of cloud computing. Analyze theproblems of reliability, security, fault tolerance, distributed processing in the clouds. In thispaper, these issues were discussed on the basis of banking systems.References:1. Эльманова, E. Коротко о вычислениях в "облаке"/ / ComputerPress. - 2010. - № 3. -P.102-104.2. Кхаратишвили, D. Рынок "облачных"услуг в цифрах и фактах/ / ComputerPress. -2010. - № 8. -P.82-87.3. Накипов, Р. Финансовый сектор на пути в облака / / Banking technology. - 2010. - №11. - P.38-39.4. Habrahabr (webportal): http://habrahabr.ru/130

Cloud computing: history, present status and perspectives

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Cloud computing: history, present status and perspectives

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