Development of new greener material for conducting paper is sought for applications such as security paper, actuators, and anti-static packaging. It is required that the material for these applications possess low density and good mechanical integrity. This work presents a way to produce bacterial nanocellulose (BC) - polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization of aniline in suspension of cellulose nanowhiskers. The BC/PANI composites formed by optimized synthesis of PANI within cellulose nanowhiskers are expected to possess good electrical conductivity in addition to excellent mechanical properties and flexibility. The material has been characterized using FTIR, SEM and 4-probe conductivity measurement equipment

Anand, D

Khandelwal, Mudrika

Khandelwal, M

Name not available

1\ 
Institut
e  Logo 
EXPERIMENTS 
Route to conducting nanocomposites by simultaneous in situ polymerization of 
aniline and matrix assembly from bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers   
 
Divya Anand, Dr. Mudrika Khandelwal 
Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering 
Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 
Ordinance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram, Medak, Telangana 502205 
1Email address:  ms13m1004@iith.ac.in 
2Email address: mudrika@iith.ac.in   
Conducting 
Paper 
Conducting 
Polymer 
Polyaniline 
Synthesis 
Optimisation 
Polypyrrol
e 
Polyacetyl
ene etc., 
Substrate Cellulose 
Bacterial 
Cellulose 
Sheet 
Continuous 
Structure 
As 
produced 
Nanowhiskers 
Higher 
Crystallinity 
Produced by 
acid hydrolysis  
Wood 
Pulp etc. 
ABSTRACT 
 
Development of new greener material for conducting paper is sought for applications such as security paper, actuators, and anti-static packaging. It is 
required that the material for these applications possess low density and good mechanical integrity. This work presents a way to produce bacterial 
nanocellulose (BC) - polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization of aniline in suspension of cellulose nanowhiskers. The BC/PANI 
composites formed by optimized synthesis of PANI within cellulose nanowhiskers are expected to possess good electrical conductivity in addition to 
excellent mechanical properties and flexibility. The material has been characterized using FTIR, SEM and 4-probe conductivity measurement equipment. 
Figure 4:- FTIR Spectra for experiment (a) set 1 & (b) set 2 with indicated molar  
ratios 
The FTIR confirms the formation of  polyaniline as the peaks for 
required functional groups  were observed in 1:1,1:3 and 3:1 , out of 
which yield is best for molar ratio 1:1. 
2.Composite Preparation  
 
a. From Bacterial Cellulose Sheet 
b. From Nanowhiskers 
 CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORK 
   
• Optimised synthesis protocol for conducting polyaniline is 1:1 due to 
high yield and formation of conductive polyaniline which was confirmed 
via FTIR. 
• Nanowhiskers are better substrate than Sheet form of BC due to its 
homogeneity which is expected due to uniform chemistry. 
• Optimization for several perimeters have to be done in near future. 
 
Figure 5:- Composite Preparation from BC sheet(a) BC dipped in Aniline solution 
(b)then in APS solution(c)kept at low temperature for polymerization and (d) 
dried at higher temperature  
Figure 2:-Components of Polymer Composite for  Conducting Paper 
Figure 6:- Composite Preparation from BC sheet (a)BC Sheet (b)Acid hydrolysed 
(c)washing to obtain nanowhiskers (d) mixing all ingredients for sheet preperation  
A good coating of polyaniline can be observed on BC as seen from SEM 
image of the composite.  
In this method, the matrix assembly takes place along with polymerization.   
LOW DENSITY 
POLYMER POLYMERS 
(eg polypyrrole, polyaniline) 
BUT NO MECHANICAL INTERGRITY 
SUBSTRATE 
LOW WEIGHT 
MECHANICAL INTEGRITY 
POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY 
LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 
MANIPULABILITY 
LOW COST 
Conducting 
Polymer + 
polymeric 
substrate 
CONDUCTING 
Figure 1:-Characteristics for the materials to be used for flexible electronics 
application 
RESULTS & DISCUSSION 
 
 1.Polyaniline Synthesis Optimisation 
Synthesis 
variables 
Solvents (Acid+water/toluene+water) 
Molar ratio of APS:Aniline 
Time and temperature of 
polymerization 
Washing and drying time 
APS  Aniline 
water acid 
water toluene 
5:1  
1:1  
1:5 
3:1  
1:1  
1:3 
A
P
S
 in
 
w
a
te
r
 a
n
d
 
A
n
ilin
e
 in
 
a
c
id
 
A
P
S
 in
 w
a
te
r
 
a
n
d
 A
n
ilin
e
 in
 
to
lu
e
n
e
 
Figure 3:-Experiments planned for obtaining protocol for highly conducting PANI 
E
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
t 
2
 
E
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
t 
1
 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
• I thank my seniors(Ravi and Dan Satyaraj) for helping me using FTIR and SEM 
respectively.   
  (a)      (b)  (c)       (d)  SEM Image  
    (a)      (b)       (c)         (d)  SEM Image  
Solvents 


Route to conducting nanocomposites by simultaneous in situ polymerization of aniline and matrix assembly from bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers

Research Archive of Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad

1\ Institute  Logo EXPERIMENTS Route to conducting nanocomposites by simultaneous in situ polymerization of aniline and matrix assembly from bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers    Divya Anand, Dr. Mudrika Khandelwal Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad Ordinance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram, Medak, Telangana 502205 1Email address:  ms13m1004@iith.ac.in 2Email address: mudrika@iith.ac.in   Conducting Paper Conducting Polymer Polyaniline Synthesis Optimisation Polypyrrole Polyacetylene etc., Substrate Cellulose Bacterial Cellulose Sheet Continuous Structure As produced Nanowhiskers Higher Crystallinity Produced by acid hydrolysis  Wood Pulp etc. ABSTRACT  Development of new greener material for conducting paper is sought for applications such as security paper, actuators, and anti-static packaging. It is required that the material for these applications possess low density and good mechanical integrity. This work presents a way to produce bacterial nanocellulose (BC) - polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization of aniline in suspension of cellulose nanowhiskers. The BC/PANI composites formed by optimized synthesis of PANI within cellulose nanowhiskers are expected to possess good electrical conductivity in addition to excellent mechanical properties and flexibility. The material has been characterized using FTIR, SEM and 4-probe conductivity measurement equipment. Figure 4:- FTIR Spectra for experiment (a) set 1 & (b) set 2 with indicated molar  ratios The FTIR confirms the formation of  polyaniline as the peaks for required functional groups  were observed in 1:1,1:3 and 3:1 , out of which yield is best for molar ratio 1:1. 2.Composite Preparation   a. From Bacterial Cellulose Sheet b. From Nanowhiskers  CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE WORK    • Optimised synthesis protocol for conducting polyaniline is 1:1 due to high yield and formation of conductive polyaniline which was confirmed via FTIR. • Nanowhiskers are better substrate than Sheet form of BC due to its homogeneity which is expected due to uniform chemistry. • Optimization for several perimeters have to be done in near future.  Figure 5:- Composite Preparation from BC sheet(a) BC dipped in Aniline solution (b)then in APS solution(c)kept at low temperature for polymerization and (d) dried at higher temperature  Figure 2:-Components of Polymer Composite for  Conducting Paper Figure 6:- Composite Preparation from BC sheet (a)BC Sheet (b)Acid hydrolysed (c)washing to obtain nanowhiskers (d) mixing all ingredients for sheet preperation  A good coating of polyaniline can be observed on BC as seen from SEM image of the composite.  In this method, the matrix assembly takes place along with polymerization.   LOW DENSITY POLYMER POLYMERS (eg polypyrrole, polyaniline) BUT NO MECHANICAL INTERGRITY SUBSTRATE LOW WEIGHT MECHANICAL INTEGRITY POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MANIPULABILITY LOW COST Conducting Polymer + polymeric substrate CONDUCTING Figure 1:-Characteristics for the materials to be used for flexible electronics application RESULTS & DISCUSSION   1.Polyaniline Synthesis Optimisation Synthesis variables Solvents (Acid+water/toluene+water) Molar ratio of APS:Aniline Time and temperature of polymerization Washing and drying time APS  Aniline water acid water toluene 5:1  1:1  1:5 3:1  1:1  1:3 APS in water and Aniline in acid APS in water and Aniline in toluene Figure 3:-Experiments planned for obtaining protocol for highly conducting PANI Experiment 2 Experiment 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • I thank my seniors(Ravi and Dan Satyaraj) for helping me using FTIR and SEM respectively.     (a)      (b)  (c)       (d)  SEM Image      (a)      (b)       (c)         (d)  SEM Image  Solvents 

http://raiith.iith.ac.in/1683/1/Poster-Plast%20India%202015.pdf

Route to conducting nanocomposites by simultaneous in situ polymerization of aniline and matrix assembly from bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers

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