List of some key papers that investigated indirect transmission of pathogens in bees through shared use of flowers. from Flower sharing and pollinator health: a behavioural perspective

Abstract

Main reported results related to route of transmission are indicated. F.S., suggested fecal-oral transmission; O.A., transmission through oral contact with artificially contaminated flowers; O.S.S., suggested oral transmission through contamination of flowers with bee oral secretions; Flw.S., suggested indirect transmission through shared use of flowers, specific route unknown; DWV, deformed wing virus; SBV, sacbrood bee virus; BQCV, black queen cell virus; ABPV, acute bee paralysis virus; IAPV, Israeli acute paralysis virus; KBV, kashmir bee virus; CBPV, chronic bee paralysis virus