Sakae KUDOH

Yukiko TANABE

Sakae, KUDOH

Yukiko, TANABE

Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)

Limnological parameters in Sôya Coats lakes between the 53rd and 55th 　Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions in 2012–2014　—Long-term monitoring study—

National Institute of Polar Research Repository

JARE Data Reports, No. 343 (Terrestrial Biology 13), January 2016      Limnological parameters in Sôya Coats lakes between the 53rd and 55th  Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions in 2012–2014 —Long-term monitoring study—  Sakae KUDOH1, 2 and Yukiko TANABE1, 2  1 National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems,  10–3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518. 2 Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 10–3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518. *Corresponding author. E-mail: skudoh@nipr.ac.jp   1. Introduction This is a report on the limnological parameters which were continuously recorded by means of mooring data-logger arrays in two Skarvsnes lakes, Oyako Ike, Naga Ike, and a lake in Langhovde, Nurume Ike (Fig. 1) during the 53rd and 55th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) in 2012–2014 This study was a part of NIPR basic research observations entitled “Monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems (AMB06)”, that aimed to record of environmental conditions for terrestrial organisms living on ice-free areas in Syowa Oasis since 2010, under the umbrella of the VIII term of JARE plans. Water temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), chlorophyll fluorescence and turbidity, and water level in lakes were measured and recorded automatically at an interval of 60 min. Similar continuous observation of limnological parameters in those lakes and some shallow lakes in Skarvsnes using mooring arrays have been reported by Kudoh et al. (2003), Tanabe et al. (2008), Kudoh et al. (2009a, b), Tanabe et al. (2012a, b), and Kudoh and Tanabe (2015).  2. Materials and methods Design of the mooring array: The mooring array consisted of temperature loggers (NWT, Nichiyu Giken Kogyo), PAR loggers (ALW-CMP, JFE Advantech), chlorophyll-turbidity loggers —　1　—S. Kudoh and Y. Tanabe     (ACLW-CMP, JFE Advantech), and a water level logger (Hobo U-20, Onset). These were attached at given depths of a rope which was connected to a plastic float and a steel sinker on both sides, as shown in Fig. 2. The array was moored at the lake center where the nearly-maximum depth was detected. Depths at the mooring sites were ca. 7 m, 10 m, and 16 m in Oyako Ike, Naga Ike, and Nurume Ike, respectively. The positions measured by a portable GPS (GPSMAP 60 CS, Garmin) were 69º28.514′S, 39º36.154′E, 69º29.240′S, 39º35.850′E, and 69º23.391′S, 39º39.544′E, in Oyako Ike, Naga Ike, and Nurume Ike, respectively. Setting of the data loggers: Triplicate temperature data were recorded every 60 minutes from 10:00 (local time) on 17 January 2012 to 10:00 on 11 January 2014 in Oyako Ike, from 15:00 on 4 February 2012 to 11:00 on 16 January 2014 in Naga Ike, and from 12:00 on 25 January 2012 to 11:00 on 19 January 2014 in Nurume Ike. 10 times-repeats of PAR data, and chlorophyll & turbidity data were recorded at 60 minutes intervals during the same periods of the temperature loggers in the three lakes. And a water level data were recorded at 60 minutes intervals during the same periods in Oyako Ike, too. All loggers were pre- and post-calibrated by the manufacturers, who found no significant drifts in the measurements over the course of the study. Units of recorded data were ºC and nol/m2/s for temperature and PAR, respectively. Fluorescence from chlorophyll a was recorded as relative intensity against fluorescein sodium (Uranine) concentration, and turbidity was recorded as Formazin Nephelometric Units (FTU). The unit of water level was meter, which was calibrated using the record of a same sensor on lake shore.  3. Data Triplicate temperature data measured at 3 different depths in Oyako Ike with 60 minutes intervals were averaged, summarized and converted to a CSV file (Oyako_WT_3depths_53-55.csv). Water level data with 1 hour intervals in Oyako Ike were converted to a CSV file (Oyako_WL_53-55.csv), and 10 times repeated PAR at 1.75 m and 6.0 m depths, chlorophyll a and turbidity data at 1.5 m depth in Oyako Ike were averaged every 1 hour interval, and summarized in a CSV file (Oyako_PAR_CHL_TURB_53-55.csv), too. Data recorded from mid-July to —　2　—JARE Data Reports, No. 343 (Terrestrial Biology 13), January 2016     mid-November by the chlorophyll-turbidity logger had large noise due to reflection by ice crystal formation around the optical sensors, then, we removed these data in this report. Triplicate temperature data measured at 4 different depths in Naga Ike with 60 minutes intervals were averaged, summarized and converted to a CSV file (Naga_WT_4depths_53-55.csv). 10 times repeated PAR at 2.5 m and 7.9 m depths, chlorophyll a and turbidity data at 3.3 m depth in Naga Ike were averaged every 1 hour interval, and summarized in a CSV file (Naga_PAR_CHL_TURB_53-55.csv). Triplicate temperature data measured at 4 different depths in Nurume Ike with 60 minutes intervals were averaged, summarized and converted to a CSV file (Nurume_WT_4depths_53-55.csv). 10 times repeated PAR at 3.0 m depth, chlorophyll a and turbidity data at 3.5 m depth in Nurume Ike were averaged every 1 hour interval, and summarized in a CSV file (Nurume_PAR_CHL_TURB_53-55.csv). List of data files are as follows; 1. Data from Oyako Ike mooring array Oyako_WT_3depths_53-55.csv  Oyako_WL_53-55.csv  Oyako_PAR_CHL_TURB_53-55.csv 2. Data from Naga Ike mooring array Naga_WT_4depths_53-55.csv Naga_PAR_CHL_TURB_53-55.csv 3. Data from Nurume Ike mooring array Nurume_WT_4depths_53-55.csv Nurume_PAR_CHL_TURB_53-55.csv  4. Members who carried out the field study Installation of the mooring arrays was carried out by Yukiko Tanabe, Makoto Hori and Hideo Akiyoshi (the 53rd JARE members). And the retrievals and data acquisitions were carried through —　3　—S. Kudoh and Y. Tanabe     by Sakae Kudoh, Kunio T. Takahashi, Tomoko Ishihara, and Yousuke Kokubo (the 54th and 55th JARE members).  5. Data policy Before using the data for publication or presentation in any media, please request permission in writing. Inquiries should be addressed to: Sakae KUDOH or Yukiko TANABE Inter-university Research Institute Corporation Research Organization of Information and Systems, National Institute of Polar Research, 10–3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan Telephone +81-42-512-0739 / Facsimile +81-42-528-3492 E-mail: skudoh@nipr.ac.jp or ukko@nipr.ac.jp  Acknowledgements We thank all the members of JARE-53, JARE-54 and JARE-55 for their great supports and helps. We also wish to thank the officers and crews of the icebreaker Shirase.  References Kudoh, S. and Tanabe, Y. (2015): Limnological parameters in Skarvsnes lakes between the 51st and 52nd Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions in 2010–2011—Long-term monitoring study—. JARE data reports, 335, (Terrestrial biology 10), 6 p. Kudoh, S., Watanabe, K. and Imura, S. (2003): Ecological studies of aquatic moss pillars in Antarctic lakes 2. Temperature and light environment at the moss habitat. Polar Biosci. 16, 23–32. Kudoh, S., Kasamatsu, N., Hoshino, T., Han, D.-H., Tanabe, Y. and Kanda, H. (2009a): Limnological parameters in Skarvsnes lakes between the 47th and 48th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition in 2006–2007 —Long-term monitoring study—. JARE data reports, 309, (Terrestrial biology 4), 47 p. Kudoh, S., Tanabe, Y. and Kanda, H. (2009b): Limnological parameters in Skarvsnes lakes during —　4　—JARE Data Reports, No. 343 (Terrestrial Biology 13), January 2016     the 48th and 49th Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions in 2007–2008 —Long-term monitoring study—. JARE data reports, 310, (Terrestrial biology 5), 78 p. Tanabe, Y., Kudoh, S., Imura, S. and Fukuchi, M. (2008): Phytoplankton blooms under dim and cold conditions in freshwater lakes of East Antarctica. Polar Biol., 31, 199–208. Tanabe, Y., Uchida, M., Osono, T. and Kudoh, S. (2012a): Limnological parameters in Skarvsnes lakes between the 49th and 50th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition in 2008–2009 —Long-term monitoring study—. JARE data reports, 322, (Terrestrial biology 6), 49 p. Tanabe, Y., Uchida, M., Osono, T. and Kudoh, S. (2012b): Limnological parameters in Skarvsnes lakes between the 50th and 51st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition in 2009–2010 —Long-term monitoring study—. JARE data reports, 323, (Terrestrial biology 7), 53 p. —　5　— LanghovdeBreivågnipaSkarvsnesSkallenSkallevikhalsenKjukaRundvågshettaStrannibbaNurume Ike   Fig. 1.  Maps of ice-free areas in Sôya Coast (left) and studied lakes in Langhovde (right-upper), and Skarvsnes (right-lower).   —　6　— Mooring arrays employed during the JARE-53 and -55Sediment surface600 cm470 cm150 cm 150 cm175 cm630 cm 640 cm100 cmNWTCHLPARPAROyako IkeHBSinker200 cm300 cm350 cmNurume Ike350 cm550 cm1150 cm1300 cmCHLPARNWTSinker150 cm250 cm330 cm790 cmNaga Ike200 cm700 cm950 cm1050 cmPARPARCHLNWTSinkerLake bed   Fig. 2.  Designs of mooring arrays set in Oyako Ike (left), Naga Ike (center), and Nurume Ike (right). Orange Circles on the top of each array indicate floats used for mooring. NWT: Water temperature logger, CHL: Chlorophyll and turbidity logger, PAR: Photosynthetically active radiation logger, HB: Water level logger. Numbers with unit of cm indicate the position (depth) of each float and sensor. —　7　—

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Limnological parameters in Sôya Coats lakes between the 53rd and 55th 　Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions in 2012–2014　—Long-term monitoring study—

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