A semiparametric analysis of determinants of protected area.

Abstract

We use a semiparametric additive model to study the relationship between protected area, income, trade, population, education, and political institutions in a sample of 89 countries. The results show the nonexistence of environmental Kuznets curve in the data sample. The study also points out the existence of nonlinearity in the relationship between protected area and the ratio of net secondary school enrollment.Education; environmental Kuznets curve; protected area; semipara-metric additive models