The basic characteristics of diesel engine working
process monitoring system are considered. The low
speed main engine one cylinder diagnostics example of
fuel equipment and gas distribution mechanism is
resulted

Ivanovsky, V. G.

Varbanets, A. N.

Varbanets, R. A.

The basic characteristics of diesel engine working process monitoring system are considered. The low speed main engine one cylinder diagnostics example of fuel equipment and gas distribution mechanism is resulted. Il. 3. Bibliogr. 6 names

Наукова періодика України

EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE OPERATION OF MARINE DIESEL BY WORKING PROCESS MONITORING

Library of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"

Эксплуатация ДВС 
ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 145 
тельного баллона до 10 МПа в модернизированной 
установке снижается относительно базовой на 28,5%. 
Показатель эффективности при низшей теплоте сго-
рания природного газа 45 МДж/кг составляет 13,6. 
Дальнейшее увеличение максимального давле-
ния заправки накопительного баллона в рассматри-
ваемой конструкции ГПБ сопровождается заметным 
повышением энергозатрат и ограничено критической 
температурой ЛКЖ. 
 
Заключение 
Реализация рекуперативного принципа работы 
газоперекачивающего блока является действенным 
средством повышения эффективности комплекса 
бездренажного хранения сжиженного природного 
газа системы питания тепловозного ДВС. 
 
Список литературы: 
1. Васильев Ю.И., Гриценко А.И., Чириков К.Ю. Га-
зозаправка транспорта.- М. : Недра, 1995. — 445с. 
2. Газобаллонные автомобили/Е.Г. Григорьев, Б.Д. 
Колубаев, В.И. Ерохов и др. – М.: Машиностроение, 
1989. – 216с.:ил. 3. Гофман-Захаров П.М. Низкотем-
пературное хранение сжиженных технических га-
зов. – К.: Техніка, 1966. – 224с. 4. Крайнюк А.И., Лу-
пиков К.А. Комплекс бездренажного хранения сжи-
женного природного газа системы питания тепло-
возного дизеля // Двигатели внутреннего сгорания. -
Харьков, 2005. - №2.- С. 143 - 146. 5. Крайнюк А.И., 
Лупиков К.А., Крайнюк А.А. Особенности рабочего 
процесса комплекса бездренажного хранения сжи-
женного природного газа в системе питания тепло-
возного дизеля // Вісн. Східноукр. нац. універс. ім. В. 
Даля. -Луганськ, 2006. - № 8 [102], ч.1 .- С. 153-157. 
 
 
 
 
 
УДК 689.12-8.004.5.001.5 
R.A. Varbanets, Dr. Sci. Tech.,  V.G. Ivanovsky, Cand. Tech. Sci., A. N. Varbanets, eng. 
 
EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE OPERATION OF MARINE DIESEL BY 
WORKING PROCESS MONITORING 
 
Summary. One of the most important conditions 
of marine diesel engine effective and safe operation is 
monitoring main parameters of working process during 
operation [1,2]. Modern specialized microcontrollers 
have high efficiency, integrated analog inputs, nonvola-
tile memory to store programs and data, low power con-
sumption. Thanks to these features it has become possi-
ble to design a portable monitoring system enabling to 
control not only parameters of fuel combustion but also 
those of fuel injection and gas distribution during engine 
operation. The system realizes methods of data process-
ing given below.  
Introduction. Peak pressure indicators widely 
used on ships determine only peak values of pressure in 
cylinders (Pmax) or pressure at the end of compression 
(Pcomp) at cut off fuel feed. However, besides Pmax and 
Pcomp there are a great deal of parameters; their moni-
toring during operation gives the possibility to carry out 
the qualitative control of technical condition and to per-
form precise adjustment of fuel equipment and gas dis-
tribution mechanism.  
Эксплуатация ДВС 
ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 146 
Towards this end the authors have developed 
monitoring system DEPAS [3]. The main feature of the 
system is that it is divided into two separated modules. 
Real time module makes records and scoping calcula-
tions of real time data (it is based on specialized control-
ler CYGNAL, now Silicon Electronics). Calculation 
module is Windows 98/2000/XP software. Communica-
tion between modules is on USB/RS-232 serial interface. 
The system allows of monitoring 2- and 4-stroke diesel 
engines in all rpm range with resolution not less than 
0.5 crankshaft angle. Nonvolatile memory is to store 
about 100 indicated datum sets. Duration of continuous 
work with an internal power source is about 10 hours. 
      The following methods are realized in the sys-
tem: 
1. Program synchronization of data. The TDC of a 
piston is calculated by analyzing diagrams of gas pres-
sure in the working cylinder [2,3,4]. Design algorithm of 
synchronization is based on the fact that in case of clean 
compression (without combustion) in the cylinder  the 
speed degree of increasing gas pressure is equal to zero: 
dP/dFi=0 at  TDC  position of the piston (Fig.1).  
 
 
Fig.1. dP_dFi Model. TDC determination 
 
On the loaded diagram of pressure the site of clean 
compression before the beginning of combustion is allo-
cated. Factors of non-linear mathematical model of a 
curve dP/dFi   are calculated by means of minimization 
method Powel M.J.D [5] .The error of the program does 
not exceed 0.5 crankshaft angle. 
2. Fuel timing and gas timing as well as estimation 
of technical condition of separate units are determined 
by means of contact vibrosensor (Fig.2).  
 
  
 
Fig.2. Engine 
diagnostic 
example 
 
1 – vibrosensor VS-20 on the top of fuel valve 
(monitoring of injection vibrodiagram, determination of 
real fuel injection phases and valves timing);  
2 - vibrosensor VS-20 on high pressure fuel pump 
cutoff point (monitoring of fuel feed  vibrdiagram, de-
termination of geometric fuel feed phases);  
3 - pressure sensor PS-16 on indicator cock 
 
The most important advantage and the unique fea-
ture of the system is that definition of these parameters 
occurs without fitting any valves into high pressure fuel 
Эксплуатация ДВС 
ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 147 
system and without hard connection to parts of gas dis-
tribution mechanism. Vibro sensor is included in stan-
dard version fo the system. The vibrosensor has a mag-
netic basis. It is convenient during diesel engine opera-
tion as no tools for its fastening are necessary. DEPAS 
laboratory [3] was the first employed high-freq vibrosen-
sor in the diesel engine working process monitoring. 
 
Fig.3. The indicator diagram A and vibrodiagrams  
B, C, D, E of S60MC MAN-B&W 
 
Analyzing fuel injection equipment and valve tim-
ing mechanism vibrodiagrams together with working 
process indicator diagram significantly broadened the 
spectrum of monitored parameters. The engine cylinder 
technical condition diagnosis became possible not only 
by cylinder gas pressure (as it performed up to now in 
most diagnostic systems) but also by key data of fuel 
injection and valve timing. 
The example of working process parameter deter-
mination is shown on Fig.3. Reference points on 
diagrams:  
1. Point on the indicator diagram corresponds to 
a moment of the beginning of fuel self-ignition. 
2. Geometrical advance angle of fuel feed by 
HPFP (a plunger is beginning to close the cut-off port). 
3. Fuel feed cut off (the low edge of HPFP 
plunger is starting to open the cut-ff port). 
4. Rising of injector circulation valve and ter-
mination of fuel circulation (P1.0MPa). 
5. Rising of injector needle (P=25.02MPa) - 
real angle of the fuel injection beginning. 
6. Injector needle fit – real angle of the fuel in-
jection termination. 
7. Injector circulation valve fit – the beginning 
of fuel circulation. 
8. Angle of complete closing of the exhaust 
valve – valve plate fit in its seat. 
9. Angle of the beginning of damper action at 
the end of exhaust valve stroke. 
10. Increase of a high-frequency noise level 
while opening the exhaust valve. 
 
Conclusions 
1. Monitoring of diesel engine working process is 
carried out on the following key parameters: MIP, indi-
cated power of a cylinder, Pmax, Pcomp, speed and de-
gree of increase in pressure during fuel combustion, 
geometrical and real phases of fuel feed and valves tim-
ing. 
2. Thanks to internal algorithm of TDC determina-
tion the hard connection [6] to the flywheel is unneces-
sary. 
3. Fuel timing, valves timing and technical condi-
tion of separate units of the engine are determined by 
means of contact vibrosensor. 
 
Эксплуатация ДВС 
ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 148 
4. Use of the monitoring system enables to receive 
the following advantages during diesel engine operation: 
- to save fuel due to precise adjustment of fuel in-
jection equipment and valve timing mechanism; 
- to prevent engines thermal and mechanical dis-
balance by uniform distribution of loading between cyl-
inders; 
- to increase reliability and efficiency of diesel en-
gine operation. 
 
Reference: 
1. Motohiro Takai, Shigeji Tsukahara. Performance 
and Combustion Analysis of High-speed Diesel Engine 
in Fast Ferry under Normal Service Condition (National 
Maritime Research Institute, Japan) // CIMAC Congress 
2004, Kyoto. –  Paper No. 43. – 8 р. 2. Hribernik A. Sta-
tistical Determination of Correlation Between Pressure 
and Crankshaft Angle During Indication of Combustion 
Engines // SAE Paper N°982541. 3. 
www.depas.odessa.ua. 4. Stas M.J. Thermodynamic De-
termination of T.D.C. in Piston Combustion Engines // 
SAE Paper N°960610. 5. An efficient method for finding 
the minimum of a function of several variables without 
calculating derivatives. Powell M.J.D. // Computer J. –
 1964. –  № 7. –Р. 155. 6. www.kistler.com // TDC Sen-
sor System – for dynamic determination of the top dead 
centre position, Type 2629B. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
УДК 621.436 
В.В. Попов, инж. 
 
АНАЛИЗ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТЕПЛОВЫХ ПОТЕРЬ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИМ 
ОБОРУДОВАНИЕМ СУДОВ ПОРТОВОГО ФЛОТА 
 
Введение 
В современных условиях особую актуальность 
приобретет вопрос повышения топливной эффек-
тивности транспортных энергетических установок, в 
частности ЭУ судов портового флота. 
 
1. Формулирование проблемы 
1. С целью решения поставленных задач ис-
следования выполнен анализ состава и основных 
технологических характеристик ЭУ отечественных и 
зарубежных судов портового флота. 
 
2. Решение проблемы.  
В настоящее время отечественный суда порто-
вого флота насчитывает в своем составе  несколько 
тысяч судов, состав и характеристики энергетиче-
ского оборудования которых соответствует их целе-
вому назначению. Преимущественно главная ЭУ 
судов портового флота выполнена на основе высо-
кооборотных и среднеоборотных дизелей, широкий 
диапазон агрегатных мощностей которых (10  900 
кВт) объясняется спецификой использования судов 
(рис. 1.). На ряде судов используются дизель-
электрические ЭУ (проекты №№ 16490, 10380, и 
др.). 
Большинство проектов ЭУ судов портового 
флота предусматривает наличие в их составе ДГ, 
используемых как в ходовом, так и в стояночном 


Effective and reliable operation of marine diesel by working process monitoring

Electronic National Technical University &quot;Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute&quot; Institutional Repository (eNTUKhPIIR)

Эксплуатация ДВС ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 145 тельного баллона до 10 МПа в модернизированной установке снижается относительно базовой на 28,5%. Показатель эффективности при низшей теплоте сго-рания природного газа 45 МДж/кг составляет 13,6. Дальнейшее увеличение максимального давле-ния заправки накопительного баллона в рассматри-ваемой конструкции ГПБ сопровождается заметным повышением энергозатрат и ограничено критической температурой ЛКЖ.  Заключение Реализация рекуперативного принципа работы газоперекачивающего блока является действенным средством повышения эффективности комплекса бездренажного хранения сжиженного природного газа системы питания тепловозного ДВС.  Список литературы: 1. Васильев Ю.И., Гриценко А.И., Чириков К.Ю. Га-зозаправка транспорта.- М. : Недра, 1995. — 445с. 2. Газобаллонные автомобили/Е.Г. Григорьев, Б.Д. Колубаев, В.И. Ерохов и др. – М.: Машиностроение, 1989. – 216с.:ил. 3. Гофман-Захаров П.М. Низкотем-пературное хранение сжиженных технических га-зов. – К.: Техніка, 1966. – 224с. 4. Крайнюк А.И., Лу-пиков К.А. Комплекс бездренажного хранения сжи-женного природного газа системы питания тепло-возного дизеля // Двигатели внутреннего сгорания. -Харьков, 2005. - №2.- С. 143 - 146. 5. Крайнюк А.И., Лупиков К.А., Крайнюк А.А. Особенности рабочего процесса комплекса бездренажного хранения сжи-женного природного газа в системе питания тепло-возного дизеля // Вісн. Східноукр. нац. універс. ім. В. Даля. -Луганськ, 2006. - № 8 [102], ч.1 .- С. 153-157.      УДК 689.12-8.004.5.001.5 R.A. Varbanets, Dr. Sci. Tech.,  V.G. Ivanovsky, Cand. Tech. Sci., A. N. Varbanets, eng.  EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE OPERATION OF MARINE DIESEL BY WORKING PROCESS MONITORING  Summary. One of the most important conditions of marine diesel engine effective and safe operation is monitoring main parameters of working process during operation [1,2]. Modern specialized microcontrollers have high efficiency, integrated analog inputs, nonvola-tile memory to store programs and data, low power con-sumption. Thanks to these features it has become possi-ble to design a portable monitoring system enabling to control not only parameters of fuel combustion but also those of fuel injection and gas distribution during engine operation. The system realizes methods of data process-ing given below.  Introduction. Peak pressure indicators widely used on ships determine only peak values of pressure in cylinders (Pmax) or pressure at the end of compression (Pcomp) at cut off fuel feed. However, besides Pmax and Pcomp there are a great deal of parameters; their moni-toring during operation gives the possibility to carry out the qualitative control of technical condition and to per-form precise adjustment of fuel equipment and gas dis-tribution mechanism.  Эксплуатация ДВС ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 146 Towards this end the authors have developed monitoring system DEPAS [3]. The main feature of the system is that it is divided into two separated modules. Real time module makes records and scoping calcula-tions of real time data (it is based on specialized control-ler CYGNAL, now Silicon Electronics). Calculation module is Windows 98/2000/XP software. Communica-tion between modules is on USB/RS-232 serial interface. The system allows of monitoring 2- and 4-stroke diesel engines in all rpm range with resolution not less than 0.5 crankshaft angle. Nonvolatile memory is to store about 100 indicated datum sets. Duration of continuous work with an internal power source is about 10 hours.       The following methods are realized in the sys-tem: 1. Program synchronization of data. The TDC of a piston is calculated by analyzing diagrams of gas pres-sure in the working cylinder [2,3,4]. Design algorithm of synchronization is based on the fact that in case of clean compression (without combustion) in the cylinder  the speed degree of increasing gas pressure is equal to zero: dP/dFi=0 at  TDC  position of the piston (Fig.1).    Fig.1. dP_dFi Model. TDC determination  On the loaded diagram of pressure the site of clean compression before the beginning of combustion is allo-cated. Factors of non-linear mathematical model of a curve dP/dFi   are calculated by means of minimization method Powel M.J.D [5] .The error of the program does not exceed 0.5 crankshaft angle. 2. Fuel timing and gas timing as well as estimation of technical condition of separate units are determined by means of contact vibrosensor (Fig.2).      Fig.2. Engine diagnostic example  1 – vibrosensor VS-20 on the top of fuel valve (monitoring of injection vibrodiagram, determination of real fuel injection phases and valves timing);  2 - vibrosensor VS-20 on high pressure fuel pump cutoff point (monitoring of fuel feed  vibrdiagram, de-termination of geometric fuel feed phases);  3 - pressure sensor PS-16 on indicator cock  The most important advantage and the unique fea-ture of the system is that definition of these parameters occurs without fitting any valves into high pressure fuel Эксплуатация ДВС ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 147 system and without hard connection to parts of gas dis-tribution mechanism. Vibro sensor is included in stan-dard version fo the system. The vibrosensor has a mag-netic basis. It is convenient during diesel engine opera-tion as no tools for its fastening are necessary. DEPAS laboratory [3] was the first employed high-freq vibrosen-sor in the diesel engine working process monitoring.  Fig.3. The indicator diagram A and vibrodiagrams  B, C, D, E of S60MC MAN-B&W  Analyzing fuel injection equipment and valve tim-ing mechanism vibrodiagrams together with working process indicator diagram significantly broadened the spectrum of monitored parameters. The engine cylinder technical condition diagnosis became possible not only by cylinder gas pressure (as it performed up to now in most diagnostic systems) but also by key data of fuel injection and valve timing. The example of working process parameter deter-mination is shown on Fig.3. Reference points on diagrams:  1. Point on the indicator diagram corresponds to a moment of the beginning of fuel self-ignition. 2. Geometrical advance angle of fuel feed by HPFP (a plunger is beginning to close the cut-off port). 3. Fuel feed cut off (the low edge of HPFP plunger is starting to open the cut-ff port). 4. Rising of injector circulation valve and ter-mination of fuel circulation (P1.0MPa). 5. Rising of injector needle (P=25.02MPa) - real angle of the fuel injection beginning. 6. Injector needle fit – real angle of the fuel in-jection termination. 7. Injector circulation valve fit – the beginning of fuel circulation. 8. Angle of complete closing of the exhaust valve – valve plate fit in its seat. 9. Angle of the beginning of damper action at the end of exhaust valve stroke. 10. Increase of a high-frequency noise level while opening the exhaust valve.  Conclusions 1. Monitoring of diesel engine working process is carried out on the following key parameters: MIP, indi-cated power of a cylinder, Pmax, Pcomp, speed and de-gree of increase in pressure during fuel combustion, geometrical and real phases of fuel feed and valves tim-ing. 2. Thanks to internal algorithm of TDC determina-tion the hard connection [6] to the flywheel is unneces-sary. 3. Fuel timing, valves timing and technical condi-tion of separate units of the engine are determined by means of contact vibrosensor.  Эксплуатация ДВС ДВИГАТЕЛИ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ 2'2007 148 4. Use of the monitoring system enables to receive the following advantages during diesel engine operation: - to save fuel due to precise adjustment of fuel in-jection equipment and valve timing mechanism; - to prevent engines thermal and mechanical dis-balance by uniform distribution of loading between cyl-inders; - to increase reliability and efficiency of diesel en-gine operation.  Reference: 1. Motohiro Takai, Shigeji Tsukahara. Performance and Combustion Analysis of High-speed Diesel Engine in Fast Ferry under Normal Service Condition (National Maritime Research Institute, Japan) // CIMAC Congress 2004, Kyoto. –  Paper No. 43. – 8 р. 2. Hribernik A. Sta-tistical Determination of Correlation Between Pressure and Crankshaft Angle During Indication of Combustion Engines // SAE Paper N°982541. 3. www.depas.odessa.ua. 4. Stas M.J. Thermodynamic De-termination of T.D.C. in Piston Combustion Engines // SAE Paper N°960610. 5. An efficient method for finding the minimum of a function of several variables without calculating derivatives. Powell M.J.D. // Computer J. – 1964. –  № 7. –Р. 155. 6. www.kistler.com // TDC Sen-sor System – for dynamic determination of the top dead centre position, Type 2629B.        УДК 621.436 В.В. Попов, инж.  АНАЛИЗ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТЕПЛОВЫХ ПОТЕРЬ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИМ ОБОРУДОВАНИЕМ СУДОВ ПОРТОВОГО ФЛОТА  Введение В современных условиях особую актуальность приобретет вопрос повышения топливной эффек-тивности транспортных энергетических установок, в частности ЭУ судов портового флота.  1. Формулирование проблемы 1. С целью решения поставленных задач ис-следования выполнен анализ состава и основных технологических характеристик ЭУ отечественных и зарубежных судов портового флота.  2. Решение проблемы.  В настоящее время отечественный суда порто-вого флота насчитывает в своем составе  несколько тысяч судов, состав и характеристики энергетиче-ского оборудования которых соответствует их целе-вому назначению. Преимущественно главная ЭУ судов портового флота выполнена на основе высо-кооборотных и среднеоборотных дизелей, широкий диапазон агрегатных мощностей которых (10  900 кВт) объясняется спецификой использования судов (рис. 1.). На ряде судов используются дизель-электрические ЭУ (проекты №№ 16490, 10380, и др.). Большинство проектов ЭУ судов портового флота предусматривает наличие в их составе ДГ, используемых как в ходовом, так и в стояночном 

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Effective and reliable operation of marine diesel by working process monitoring

Abstract

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Наукова періодика України

Library of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"

Electronic National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" Institutional Repository (eNTUKhPIIR)

Effective and reliable operation of marine diesel by working process monitoring

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Наукова періодика України

Library of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"

Electronic National Technical University &quot;Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute&quot; Institutional Repository (eNTUKhPIIR)

Electronic National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" Institutional Repository (eNTUKhPIIR)