International audienceIn 2010, ISO published a standard for syntactic annotation, ISO 24615:2010 (SynAF). Back then, the document specified a comprehensive reference model for the representation of syntactic annotations, but no accompanying XML serialisation. ISO's subcommittee on language resource management (ISO TC 37/SC 4) is working on making the SynAF serialisation ISOTiger an ad-ditional part of the standard. This contribution addresses the current state of development of ISOTiger, along with a number of open issues on which we are seeking community feedback in order to ensure that ISOTiger becomes a useful extension to the SynAF reference model

Bosch, Sonja

Eckart, Kerstin

Faaß, Gertrud

Heid, Ulrich

Lee, Kiyong

Pareja-Lora, Antonio

Pretorius, Laurette

Romary, Laurent

Witt, Andreas

Zeldes, Amir

Zipser, Florian

&lt;p&gt;In 2010, ISO published a standard for syntactic annotation, ISO 24615:2010 (SynAF). Back then, the document specified a comprehensive reference model for the representation of syntactic annotations, but no accompanying XML serialisation. ISO's subcommittee on language resource management (ISO TC 37/SC 4) is working on making the SynAF serialisation ISOTiger an additional part of the standard. This contribution addresses the current state of development of ISOTiger, along with a number of open issues on which we are seeking community feedback in order to ensure that ISOTiger becomes a useful extension to the SynAF reference model.&lt;/p&gt

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From <tiger2/> to ISOTiger – Community Driven Developments for Syntax Annotation in SynAF

Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication

Faass, Gertrud

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From <tiger2/> to ISOTiger – Community DrivenDevelopments for Syntax Annotation in SynAFSonja Bosch, University of South Africa (UNISA) – Kerstin Eckart, University of Stuttgart – Gertrud Faaß, University of Hildesheim –Ulrich Heid, University of Hildesheim – Kiyong Lee, Korea University – Antonio Pareja-Lora, Universidad Complutense de Madrid –Laurette Pretorius, University of South Africa (UNISA) – Laurent Romary, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin –Andreas Witt, Institut für Deutsche Sprache – Amir Zeldes, Georgetown University – Florian Zipser, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinE-mail: kerstin.eckart@ims.uni-stuttgart.de, laurent.romary@inria.frArchitecture of corpus standardsSpecifications and serializations (XML)•SynAF: [ISO 24615]–Grammatical features–Phrase structures–Dependency structures–XML: ISOTiger•MAF: [ISO 24611]–Tokenizing–Word forms:single, multi, fused– Inflection–XML: in appendix•LAF: [ISO 24612]–Graph-basedrepresentationof primary dataand annotations–Generalexchange format–XML: GrAFSeparation of representation and content•Terminals in SynAF are equivalent to MAF word forms.•Annotation vocabulary should be definedby means of a data category registry (DCR), cf. ISOcat. [ISO 12620]The SynAF metamodel•Syntactic Nodes–Terminal nodes for morpho-syntactically annotated word formsor for empty elements T node–Non-terminal nodes: can be annotated with syntactic categoriesfrom the phrasal, clausal and sentential level NT node•Syntactic Edges between both terminal and non-terminal nodessupports representation of both constituency and dependency analyses•Annotations–Can be applied to nodes and edges alike–Should make use of a DCR according to [ISO 12620]An XML serialization for SynAF•Based on TIGER-XML, an existing and utilized format, [König et al. 2003]rather than ’inventing’ a completely new format.•Modified wrt TIGER-XML, to represent dependency structures, to relateannotations to a DCR, to allow for different node and edge types, etc.TIGER-XML <tiger2/> [Bosch et al. 2012,Romary et al., to appear]<head><!−− ... −−><annotation><feature name="word" domain="T"/><feature name="cat" domain="NT"><value name="NP">nominal phrase</value><value name="S">sentence or clause</value><value name="VP">verbal phrase</value></feature><edgelabel><value name="HD">head</value><value name="SBJ">subject</value><value name="--"/></edgelabel><secedgelabel/></annotation></head><head><!−− ... −−><annotation><feature name="cat" domain="nt"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1506"><value name="NP" dcr:datcat="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2256"/><value name="S" dcr:datcat="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2295"/><value name="VP" dcr:datcat="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2255"/></feature><feature name="label" domain="edge" type="prim"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-5596"><value name="HD" dcr:datcat="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2306"/><value name="SBJ" dcr:datcat="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2261"/><value name="--"/></feature><feature name="label" domain="edge" type="dep"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2304"><value name="aux" dcr:datcat="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2262"/><value name="nsubj">nominal subject</value></feature></annotation></head><flib n="constituency features"><f xml:id="catNP" name="cat"><symbol value="NP"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2256"/></f><f xml:id="catS" name="cat"><symbol value="S"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2295"/></f><f xml:id="catVP" name="cat"><symbol value="VP"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2255"/></f><f xml:id="labelHD" name="cat"><symbol value="HD"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2306"/></f><!−− ... −−></flib><flib n="dependency features"><!−− ... −−></flib>Proposals for ISOTiger<body><s id="s1"><graph root="s1_nt4"><terminals><t id="s1_t1" word="we"/> <!−− we −−><t id="s1_t2" word="can"/><!−− can −−><t id="s1_t3" word="see"/> <!−− see −−></terminals><nonterminals><nt id="s1_nt1" cat="NP"><edge label="HD" idref="s1_t1"/></nt><nt id="s1_nt2" cat="VP"><edge label="HD" idref="s1_t3"/></nt><nt id="s1_nt3" cat="VP"><edge label="--" idref="s1_nt2"/><edge label="HD" idref="s1_t2"/></nt><nt id="s1_nt4" cat="S"><edge label="SBJ" idref="s1_nt1"/><edge label="--" idref="s1_nt3"/></nt></nonterminals></graph></s></body><body><s xml:id = "s1"><graph xml:id="s1_g1"><terminals><t xml:id="s1_t1" tiger2:corresp="m1.maf#wf1"/> <!−− we −−><t xml:id="s1_t2" tiger2:corresp="m1.maf#wf2"/> <!−− can −−><t xml:id="s1_t3" tiger2:corresp="m1.maf#wf3"> <!−− see −−><edge tiger2:type="dep" label="nsubj" tiger2:target="#s1_t1"/><edge tiger2:type="dep" label="aux" tiger2:target="#s1_t2"/></t></terminals><nonterminals><nt xml:id="s1_nt1" cat="NP"><edge tiger2:type="prim" label="HD" tiger2:target="#s1_t1"/></nt><nt xml:id="s1_nt2" cat="VP"><edge tiger2:type="prim" label="HD" tiger2:target="#s1_t3"/></nt><nt xml:id="s1_nt3" cat="VP"><edge tiger2:type="prim" label="--" tiger2:target="#s1_nt2"/><edge tiger2:type="prim" label="HD" tiger2:target="#s1_t2"/></nt><nt xml:id="s1_nt4" cat="S"><edge tiger2:type="prim" label="SBJ" tiger2:target="#s1_nt1"/><edge tiger2:type="prim" label="--" tiger2:target="#s1_nt3"/></nt></nonterminals></graph></s></body><!−− LAF reference mechanism to primary data:|w|e| |c|a|n| |s |e|e|0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 −−><!−− Only possible in cases where span is equal to word form. −−><terminals><t xml:id="s1_t1" from="0" to="2"/> <!−− we −−><t xml:id="s1_t2" from="3" to="6"/> <!−− can −−><t xml:id="s1_t3" from="7" to="10"/> <!−− see −−></terminals><nt xml:id="s1_nt1"> <!−− utilizing feature library −−><fs feats ="#catNP"/><edge xml:id="s1_e3" type="prim" target="#s1_t1"><fs feats ="#labelHD"/></edge></nt><nt xml:id="s1_nt1"> <!−− utilizing feature structure −−><fs><f name="cat"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1506"><symbol value="NP"dcr:datcat ="http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2256"/></f></fs><edge xml:id="s1_e3" type="prim" target="#s1_t1"><!−− ... −−> </edge></nt>https://github.com/laurentromary/ISOTigerGraph visualizations: http://annis-tools.org/ [Krause and Zeldes, to appear] DIN: http://www.din.de/ DIN-NA 105: http://www.nat.din.de/ Contact person: Gottfried Herzog (DIN-NA 105) – gottfried.herzog@din.deISO: http://www.iso.org/ ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Language resource management ISOcat: http://www.isocat.org/ISO 24612:2012 Language resource management – Linguistic annotation framework (LAF)ISO 24611:2012 Language resource management – Morpho-syntactic annotation framework (MAF)ISO 24615-1:2014 Language resource management – Syntactic annotation framework (SynAF) – Part 1: Syntactic modelISO 12620:2009 Terminology and other language and content resources – Specification of data categories and management of a DataCategory Registry for language resourcesISO/DIS 24615-2 Language resource management – Syntactic annotation framework (SynAF) – Part 2: XML serialization (ISOTiger)Bosch et al. 2012 Bosch, Sonja, Key-Sun Choi, Éric Villemonte De La Clergerie, Alex Chengyu Fang, Gertrud Faass, Kiyong Lee, Antonio Pareja-Lora, Laurent Romary, Andreas Witt, Amir Zeldes & Florian Zipser (2012) “<tiger2/ > as a standardized serialisationfor ISO 24615 - SynAF”. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories (TLT11). 37–60. Lisbon, Portugal.König et al. 2003 König, Esther, Wolfgang Lezius & Holger Voormann (2003) “TIGERSearch 2.1 User’s Manual. Chapter V - The TIGER-XML treebank encoding format”. IMS, Universität Stuttgart, Germany.Krause and Zeldes, to appear Krause, Thomas & Zeldes, Amir (to appear) “ANNIS3: A New Architecture for Generic Corpus Query and Visualization”. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities.Romary et al., to appear Romary, Laurent, Zeldes, Amir & Zipser, Florian (to appear) “<tiger2/ > - Serialising the ISO SynAF Syntactic Object Model”. Language Resources and Evaluation.

https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01085219/file/isotiger-tlt-poster-0.3.pdf

From <tiger2/> to ISOTiger – Community Driven Developments for Syntax Annotation in SynAF

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