A Konuma

A Purvis

AC Worley

AEB de Lacerda

AG Blundell

AJ Lowe

BA Loiselle

C Born

C Goodwillie

Chris J. Kettle

CJ Kettle

Colin R. Maycock

CR Maycock

CW Dick

D Charlesworth

D Cloutier

David F. R. P. Burslem

DT Gamage

EP Martin

Eyen Khoo

F Austerlitz

F Rousset

FA Jones

GHS Wood

GN Stone

I Steffan-Dewenter

J Chambers

J Ghazoul

J Verhulst

Jaboury Ghazoul

JC Vamosi

JED Fox

Jerome Chave

JJ Robledo-Arnuncio

JP Haskell

JR Obeso

K Kamiya

K Momose

K Ritland

K Wells

KKS Ng

KM Hufford

KP Burnham

KS Bawa

L Excoffier

LD Harder

LM Curran

MD Loveless

N Colpaert

N Osada

NJB Kraft

O Honnay

OJ Hardy

P Chesson

PE Smouse

Pete M. Hollingsworth

PH Harvey

PR Aldrich

PS Ashton

PVA Fine

R Aguilar

R Bagchi

Rahayu Sukmaria Haji Sukri

RB Primack

RD Harrison

RD Sargent

S Dayanandan

S Richards

S Sakai

SE Russo

SL Lee

SP Hubbell

SS Greenleaf

ST Kalinowski

T Kenta

T Kohyama

TC Marshall

TG Seidler

Y Fukue

Y Naito

Y Takeuchi

PLoS ONE

English

PubMed

In angiosperms, flower size commonly scales negatively with number. The ecological consequences of this trade-off for tropical trees remain poorly resolved, despite their potential importance for tropical forest conservation. We investigated the flower size number trade-off and its implications for fecundity in a sample of tree species from the Dipterocarpaceae on Borneo.We combined experimental exclusion of pollinators in 11 species, with direct and indirect estimates of contemporary pollen dispersal in two study species and published estimates of pollen dispersal in a further three species to explore the relationship between flower size, pollinator size and mean pollen dispersal distance. Maximum flower production was two orders of magnitude greater in small-flowered than large-flowered species of Dipterocarpaceae. In contrast, fruit production was unrelated to flower size and did not differ significantly among species. Small-flowered species had both smaller-sized pollinators and lower mean pollination success than large-flowered species. Average pollen dispersal distances were lower and frequency of mating between related individuals was higher in a smaller-flowered species than a larger-flowered confamilial. Our synthesis of pollen dispersal estimates across five species of dipterocarp suggests that pollen dispersal scales positively with flower size.Trade-offs embedded in the relationship between flower size and pollination success contribute to a reduction in the variance of fecundity among species. It is therefore plausible that these processes could delay competitive exclusion and contribute to maintenance of species coexistence in this ecologically and economically important family of tropical trees. These results have practical implications for tree species conservation and restoration. Seed collection from small-flowered species may be especially vulnerable to cryptic genetic erosion. Our findings also highlight the potential for differential vulnerability of tropical tree species to the deleterious consequences of forest fragmentation

Kettle Chris J.

Maycock Colin R.

Ghazoul Jaboury

Hollingsworth Pete M.

Khoo Eyen

Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria Haji

Burslem David F. R. P.

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Ecological Implications of a Flower Size/Number Trade-Off in Tropical Forest Trees

Kettle, Chris J

Maycock, Colin R

Ghazoul, Jaboury

Hollingsworth, Pete M

Khoo, Eyen

Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria Haji

Burslem, David F R P

Aberdeen University Research

A handbook to Kabili-Sepilok Forest Reserve.

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Beetle pollination of Shorea parvifolia (section Mutica, Dipterocarpaceae) in a general flowering period in Sarawak,

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Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the sub-family Dipterocarpoideae (Dipterocarpaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequences.

Conservation of Genetic resources in the Dipterocarpaceae. In: Appanah

Correlated evolution of mating system and floral display traits in flowering plants and its implications for the distribution of mating system variation.

Determinants of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in three co-occurring rain forest canopy trees in Borneo Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics.

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Effects of flowering tree density on the mating system and gene flow in Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia.

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Evolution of floral display in Eichhornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae): Direct and correlated responses to selection on flower size and number.

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Flower Size Trade-Offs in Tropical Tree Species PLoS

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Neighbourhood density and genetic relatedness interact to determine fruit set and abortion rates in a continuous tropical tree population.

Partitioning of pollinators during flowering in an African Acacia community.

Phenology and floral morphology in relation to pollination of some Sri Lankan Dipterocarps.

Phylogenetic evidence for a flower size and number trade-off.

Phylogeny of PgiC gene in Shorea and its closely related genera (Dipterocarpaceae), the dominant trees in Southeast Asian tropical rain forests.

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Pollination decays in biodiversity hotspots.

Rambaut A

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Selfing and inbreeding depression in seeds and seedlings of Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae).

Size-number trade-off and allocation to flower production in animal-pollinated flowers.

Small-scale spatial genetic structure in an ant species with sex-biased dispersal.

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Spatial Genetic-Structure of a Tropical Understory Shrub, Psychotria Officinalis (Rubiaceae).

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Staggered Flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae - New Insights into Floral Induction and the Evolution of Mast Fruiting in the Aseasonal Tropics.

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Variation in pollen dispersal between years with different pollination conditions in a tropical emergent tree.

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Viability selection at three early life stages of the tropical tree,

Ecological implications of a flower size/number trade-off in tropical forest trees

Background: In angiosperms, flower size commonly scales negatively with number. The ecological consequences of this trade-off for tropical trees remain poorly resolved, despite their potential importance for tropical forest conservation. We investigated the flower size number trade-off and its implications for fecundity in a sample of tree species from the Dipterocarpaceae on Borneo. Methodology/Principal Findings: We combined experimental exclusion of pollinators in 11 species, with direct and indirect estimates of contemporary pollen dispersal in two study species and published estimates of pollen dispersal in a further three species to explore the relationship between flower size, pollinator size and mean pollen dispersal distance. Maximum flower production was two orders of magnitude greater in small-flowered than large-flowered species of Dipterocarpaceae. In contrast, fruit production was unrelated to flower size and did not differ significantly among species. Small-flowered species had both smaller-sized pollinators and lower mean pollination success than large-flowered species. Average pollen dispersal distances were lower and frequency of mating between related individuals was higher in a smaller-flowered species than a larger-flowered confamilial. Our synthesis of pollen dispersal estimates across five species of dipterocarp suggests that pollen dispersal scales positively with flower size. Conclusions and Their Significance: Trade-offs embedded in the relationship between flower size and pollination succes

Sukmaria Haji Sukri

CiteSeerX

Ecological Implications of a flower size/number trade-off in tropical forest trees

Chris J Kettle

Colin R Maycock

Pete M Hollingsworth

David F R P Burslem

Directory of Open Access Journals

Ecological implications of a flower size/number trade-off in tropical forest trees.

Crossref

Background
In angiosperms, flower size commonly scales negatively with number. The ecological consequences of this trade-off for tropical trees remain poorly resolved, despite their potential importance for tropical forest conservation. We investigated the flower size number trade-off and its implications for fecundity in a sample of tree species from the Dipterocarpaceae on Borneo.

Methodology/Principal Findings
We combined experimental exclusion of pollinators in 11 species, with direct and indirect estimates of contemporary pollen dispersal in two study species and published estimates of pollen dispersal in a further three species to explore the relationship between flower size, pollinator size and mean pollen dispersal distance. Maximum flower production was two orders of magnitude greater in small-flowered than large-flowered species of Dipterocarpaceae. In contrast, fruit production was unrelated to flower size and did not differ significantly among species. Small-flowered species had both smaller-sized pollinators and lower mean pollination success than large-flowered species. Average pollen dispersal distances were lower and frequency of mating between related individuals was higher in a smaller-flowered species than a larger-flowered confamilial. Our synthesis of pollen dispersal estimates across five species of dipterocarp suggests that pollen dispersal scales positively with flower size.

Conclusions and Their Significance
Trade-offs embedded in the relationship between flower size and pollination success contribute to a reduction in the variance of fecundity among species. It is therefore plausible that these processes could delay competitive exclusion and contribute to maintenance of species coexistence in this ecologically and economically important family of tropical trees. These results have practical implications for tree species conservation and restoration. Seed collection from small-flowered species may be especially vulnerable to cryptic genetic erosion. Our findings also highlight the potential for differential vulnerability of tropical tree species to the deleterious consequences of forest fragmentation.ISSN:1932-620

Kettle, Chris J.

Maycock, Colin R.

Hollingsworth, Pete M.

Burslem, David F.R.P.

Repository for Publications and Research Data

Analysis of Molecular Variance Inferred from Metric Distances among DNA Haplotypes - Application to Human Mitochondrial-DNA Restriction Data.

Comparison of the fine-scale genetic structure of three dipterocarp species.

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Demographic mechanisms in the coexistence of two closely related perennials in a fluctuating environment.

Densitydependent selfing and its effects on seed performance in a tropical canopy tree species, Shorea acuminata (Dipterocarpaceae). Forest Ecology and

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Estimating anisotropic pollen dispersal: a case study in Quercus lobata.

Experimental tests of the spatiotemporal scale of seed predation in mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae.

Flower Size Trade-Offs in Tropical Tree Species PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 10

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Long-pollen movement and deviation of random mating in a low-density continuous population of a tropical tree Hymenaea courbaril in the Brazilian Amazon.

Monographs in Population Biology. The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography.

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Ecological implications of a flower size/number trade-off in tropical forest trees

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