Majchrzycka, A.

Szyszka, D.

Zapałowicz, Z.

Digital Repository of Hellenic Managing Authority of the Operational Programme &quot;Education and Lifelong Learning&quot; (EDULLL)

WEST POMERANIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SZCZECIN,POLANDTHE FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHATRONICS A. Majchrzycka, Z. Zapałowicz, D. SzyszkaSOLAR COLLECTORS INSTALLATION IN COLLABORATION WITH A HEAT PUMP SYSTEM IN WEST POMERANIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,SZCZECINLOW TEMPERATURE SOURCES OF ENERGY• Waste heat from technological processes:air and gases,sewage,return water in heat systems.• Renewable sources:  atmospheric air, ground, water, solar radiation.THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF HEAT PUMP         1HEAT PUMPQd Qw    TII  TI<TII TII LdQwQwQLwQTITIIPrzepływ: szeregowyTypowe średnice rur:Głębokość wykopu:28÷45 m/1 kWNominalna długość1,0÷1,5 m1¼“ ÷ 2”  Ground heat exchanger – connection in parallel  Source;  W.Nowak, R Sobański, M.Kabat, T.Kujawa Characteristic: flow: seriespipe diameters : 1 ¼”-2”nominal pipes length: 28-45m/kWdepth f borehole: 1,0-15m  Horizontal ground heat exchanger - dual series connection (2x1)  Source;  W.Nowak, R Sobański, M.Kabat, T.Kujawa Characteristic: flow: seriespipe diameters : 1 ¼”-2”nominal pipes length: 35-50m/kWdepth of borehole: 0,0-15m 1 Horizontal ground heat exchanger - dual series parallel connection (2x1)  Source;  W.Nowak, R Sobański, M.Kabat, T.Kujawa Characteristic: flow: dual series parallel pipe diameters : 1 ½”-2”nominal pipes length: 150m for pipes of ¾”, 230m for pipes of 1”the distance between pipes in borehole: 0,3m  Types of pipe connections in ground heat exchangers: a, b- coil, c-loop, d-parallelSource;  W.Nowak, R Sobański, M.Kabat, T.Kujawa  Groundwater heat pump. Floor heating in the building Source;  W.Nowak, R Sobański, M.Kabat, T.Kujawa Low temperature floor heatingHeat storage Borehole heat exchangerHeat pumpHeat extractionPrzepływ: szeregowyTypowe średnice rur: 3/4” ÷ 2”Nominalna długość 15÷30 m/1 kW  Borehole heat exchanger - connection in seriesSource;  W.Nowak, R Sobański, M.Kabat, T.Kujawa Characteristic: flow: series connectionpipe diameters : 3/4”-2”nominal pipes length: 15m - 30m /1kW  Borehole heat exchanger - connection in parallelSource;  W.Nowak, R Sobański, M.Kabat, T.Kujawa Characteristic: flow: parallel connectionpipe diameters : 3/4”-1”nominal pipes length: 16m - 32m /1kW   Configurations of borehole heat exchangersa) U-pipe,  b)backward flow ,c) concentric flow HYBRID SYSTEM AT DHE• Solar collectors installation,• Heat pump installation,• Installations are connected by ground-heat energy storage,• There are two borehole heat exchangers: • U-pipe, • Field tube (of  concentric type).PCSOLAR INSTALLATIONSolar collectors installation consists of :• sun collectors manufactured by Wagner type LB76 (absorber area 7,6 m2),• water storage tank type Centro 500, capacity 0,5 m3, • pump station, type Cirko 3,• control system ,type SunGo XL.Solar installationT TT321PSUNGOXLPTT75T4 68Tto the ground    T8Solar thermal collectors installation1.Flat plate collector,  2.Pump station, 3.4.Heat flow meter 5.Storage 6.Circulation pump, 7.Control and measurement device, 8.Compensation tank.BOREHOLE HEAT EXCHANGERS AND HEAT PUMPINSTALLATION5412 367899sTP1010 10T TShut-off valveControl valveVent valveCirculating pumpFlow meterManometerTemperature probePTTTTTTPPPP32 x 332 x 3DN 20DN 25DN 25DN 20Heat pumpStorage tank, pump station and regulation of operating parameters in the systemTECHNICAL DATA OF HEAT PUMP• Manufactured by: Banze-Wärmepumpen,• type – compression,• heat power - 11 kW,• medium - R22.BOREHOLE HEAT EXCHANGER• Distance between probes  - 5 m,• Medium: water - glycol mixture,• Circulation pump Grundfos type CH-4-20,• System of valves.400400400400400400400400400400400400400200Czujniki pomiaru temperaturyKomora nawrotna wymiennika („but”)Wymiary podane w cmKable łączeniowe czujników Pt-1ooDopływ –odpływ czynnika obiegowegoDo pompy ciepła400400U-pipe probeU-PIPE PROBE• Length of probe 30 m, • Material – PE,• Outside pipe diameter -32 mm,• Wall pipe thickness  - 3 mm, • Probe consists of 4 parallel pipes,• Dimensions of probe ending – inside diameter 94 mm, wall thickness 4 mm, length 150 mm,• Connection to heat pump – 4 PE pipes of outside diameter -32 mm.Field exchangerCONCENTRIC DOUBLE – PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER • Length of probe - 29 m • Material of the outside pipe - steel• Steel pipe diameter - 114 mm• Wall steel pipe thickness  - 5 mm • Material of internal pipe - PE• PE pipe diameter - 63 mm• Wall PE pipe thickness  - 5,8 mm• The end of internal pipe is blanked • There are 12 holes in end of inside pipe • Hole diameter - 18 mm• Connection to heat pump – 4 PE pipes of outside diameter - 32 mmMonthly production of heat energy from solar collectors array7,6m2 – 2423,7 kWh.0100200300400500IXXXIXIIIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIIIIIIIIV1999 2000 2001Installationturned offHeat energy production from solar collectors [kWh]    Heat pump breakdown2002 2003.010203040506070IXXXIXIIIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIIIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXXXIXIIHeat energy production from 1 m2  absorber area [kWh]1999 2000 2001Ek =318,9 kWh/(m 2 a)Ek =299,9 kWh/(m 2 a)Installationturned offMonthly production of heat energy from 1 m2 absorber area of solar collector (318,9 kWh/m2 a)05101520251.0510.0520.0530.0510.0620.0630.0610.0720.0730.0710.0820.0830.0810.0920.0930.0910.1020.1030.106.11May: 450 kWh  June: 334 kWh July:154 kWhAugust:333 kWhSeptember:207,3 kWhOctober:147,7 kWhNovember:25 kWhHeat energy delivered to the ground in year 20001651 kWh, (217,2 kWh/m2 a) Heat energy delivered to the ground in a year 20011700 kWh, (223,7 kWh/m2 a)05101520251.0410.0420.0430.0410.0520.0530.0510.0620.0630.0610.0720.0730.0710.0820.0830.0810.0920.0925.09May:370 kWh  April:240 kWh  June:265 kWh   July:389 kWh   August:313 kWhSeptember:123 kWh.     ..01000200030004000500060007000XI XII I II III IVQdEelHeat and electrical energy consumption [kWh] 6.11.2000-02.04.2001pg=2,10Heat energy transferred to interior heating system by heat pump and total electrical energy consumption• Heat energy transferred to interior heating system by heat pump – 26585,8 kWh• Total electrical energy consumption by heat pump – 12661,0 kWh• Energy transferred to the ground in 2000 – 1651,0 kWh• Energy transferred to the ground in 2001– 1700,0 kWhTemperature distribution in the ground Summer 200018.05.0001.06.0030.06.0001.08.0001.09.0002.10.0031.10.0006.11.00..789101112131415160 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30Temperature [°C]Depth [m]Temperature distribution in the ground during heating season 2000-200106.11.0007.11.0008.11.0009.11.0010.11.0015.11.0030.11.0029.12.0031.01.0128.02.0130.03.01..-8-404812160 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30Temperature [°C]Depth [m]       a)Depth of measure probes location: nr 16 - 1,0 m ppg, nr 18 - 3,0 m ppg. -6,00-4,00-2,000,002,004,006,008,0010,0012,0099.11.228:0099.12.028:0099.12.128:0099.12.228:0000.01.018:0000.01.118:0000.01.218:0000.01.318:0000.02.108: 0000.02.208:00Czas [data]Temperatura [°C]Czujnik Nr 16 Czujnik Nr 18 Wartości obliczone      b) Depth of measure probes location:  nr 28 - 13,0 m ppg, nr 30 - 15,0 m ppg. -6,00-4,00-2,000,002,004,006,008,0010,0012,0099.11.228:0099.12.028:0099.12.128:0099.12.228:0000.01.018:0000.01.118:0000.01.218:0000.01.318:0000.02.108:0000.02.208:00Czas [data]Temperatura [°C]Czujnik nr 28 Czyjnik Nr 30 Wartości obliczone      c) Depth of measure probes location:  nr 44 - 29,0 m ppg, nr 46 - 31,0 m ppg. -6,00-4,00-2,000,002,004,006,008,0010,0012,0099.11.228: 0099.12.028:0099.12.128:0099.12.228: 0000.01.018:0000.01.118:0000.01.218:0000.01.318:0000.02.108:0000.02.208:00Czas [data]Temperatura [°C]Czujnik Nr 44 Czujnik Nr 46 Wartości obliczoneCONCLUSIONS• For Szczecin (and its environs) an annualproduction of heat energy from 1m2 flat platecollector absorber area is 300–320 kWh,• A proper selection of heat pump and total lengthof boreholes heat exchangers are essential forexploitation and efficiency of the system,• Sun energy storage in summer time is favourablefor bed recovery before next heating season.PV INSTALLATIONPV MODULES INVERTERGRIDGrid connected PV system at West PomeranianUniversity of Technology, Szczecin1999200020012002200320042005200620072008          .020406080100120140160I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XIIProdukcja energii elektrycznej w poszczególnych miesiącach w przeliczeniu na 1W mocy zainstalowanej [Wh]Grid connected PV system at West Pomeranian University of TechnologyG R I DINVERTERPhotovoltaic panelData monitoringand collecting„Sunny Data” main window• 10 solar modules of the type M110 (Siemens),• Total power of PV system  1100 Wp,• Location: direction S, inclination:           44°PV SYSTEM AT HEAT ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTTechnical parameters of solar module type M110 (Siemens)Solar module Value UnitMaximum power [PMAX] 110 WOpen circuit voltage [UOC]43,5 VShort-circuit current [ISC] 3,45 AMPP voltage [UMPP] 35,0 VMPP current [AMPP] 3,15 ALength/width [l/w] 1307/652 mmWeight [m] 9,5 kg Source:www.siemens.deInverter of the type Sunny-Boy SWR 850METEOROLOGICAL STATION IN DHEView of the stationPARAMETERS  MEASURED BY THE METEOROLOGICAL STATION• direct and diffuse solar radiation,• pressure, temperature and relative humidity of air,• power and direction of the wind,• PV module surface temperature.METEOROLOGICAL STATION IN DHEView of the stationWIND VELOCITY SENSOR• Measuring range : v = 0 – 50 m/s• Accuracy: discrimination threshold v =0,5 m/s• Impulse output 20 imp/s = 1 m/sWIND DIRECTION SENSOR• Resolution - 11,5°• Accuracy -discrimination threshold 0,5 m/sSENSORS OF SOLAR RADIATIONView of sensor and the shadow ringSENSORS OF SOLAR RADIATION• Pyranometrs CM11 produced by Kipp&Zonen according to the ISO 9060/WMO standards• Secondary standard, high quality• Spectral range (50% points) - 305 – 2800 nm• Sensivity - 4 – 6 μV/W/m• Response time (95%) - 12 sSENSORS OF SOLAR RADIATION• Zero offsets:thermal radiation (200 W/m2) – ± 7 W/m2temperature change (5 K/h): ± 2 W/m2• Non stability (change/year): ± 0,5%• Non linearity (0-1000 W/m2): ± 0,6%• Directional error (at 1000 W/m2):            ± 10 W/m2• Temperature dependence of sensitivity: ± 1% (-10 - +40°C)• Tilt response (at 1000 W/m2): ± 0,2%ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE SENSOR• Measuring range: 850 –1100 hPa• Accuracy: 1 hPa• Resolution: 0,1 hPaRELATIVE AIR HUMIDITY SENSOR• Measuring range: 30 –98%• Accuracy:2% in range 30-85%3% in range 85-98%• Resolution - 0,1%RECORDER TYPE RC12• Measurement period 2-60 min• RS connection directly to computerTraining and Research Center for Renewable Energy Sources -OstojaFORMER IN STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITYSINCE 2009 IN STRUCTURE OFWEST POMERANIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SZCZECIN• In November of 2008, two off-grid PV installations were set in operation in Training and Research Center for Renewable Energy Sources in Ostoja ( suburb  of Szczecin).• The installations were financially supported from European Regional Development Funds within the INTERREGPROGRAMME IIIA Poland (West Pomeranian Voivodeship –Meklemburg Vorpommern/Brandenburg). =Input 24VAC2~AC1~STP 180S (6 items) orSCG 50 (12 items)BMV-501Quatrro5000MPPT 100 orCXN 40Accumulator’s set24V, 800 AhInput 230VAC2~AC1~Output 230VFig. 1. Scheme of PV installations in Ostoja center12 thin CIS layer, PV modules of the type SCG50 HV, produced by Sulfurcell.6 mono-crystalline PV modules of the STP 180S-24/Ac type, produced by Suntech Power. Fig. 2. View of mono-crystalline panel (photo D.Szyszka) Fig.3. View of CIS panel (photo D.Szyszka)Fig. 4. View of accumulators’ set, inverter and control charging device (photo D.Szyszka)Installations in the Center in Ostoja are free-standing, of off-grid type, and they differ from each other by applied photovoltaic cells that form modules . First of the installations consists of 6 mono-crystalline PV modules of the STP 180S-24/Ac type, produced by Suntech Power. The latter one is equipped with 12 thin CIS layer, PV modules of the type SCG50 – HV, produced by Sulfurcell. In both cases, the panels are mounted on movable  frameworks,   the  so  called  trackers.    Parameter Unit ValueModule STP 180S-24/Ac SCG50 - HVNumber of cells in module items 72 80Maximal power Wp 180 50Guaranteed minimal power Wp 174,6 47,5Open circuit voltage V 44,8 50Short circuit current A 5,3 1,65Voltage at maximum power (in MPPpoint)V 36 37,5Current at maximum power (in MPPpoint)A 5 1,35Temperature coefficient of short circuitcurrentA/K%/K 0,06 0,04Temperature coefficient of open circuitvoltageV/KmV/K -155 -130Temperature coefficient of power %/K -0,5 -0,3Length/Width m 1,580/0,808 1,256/0656Area of module m2 1,277 0,824Mass kg 16 13,7PanelNumber of modules in panel items 6 12Panel’s power Wp 1080 600Area of panel m2 7,662 9,888Table 1. Technical data of PV panels and modules Parameter Unit Sunny-Boy SWR 850 Quattro 24/5000/120Nominal power W 850 5000Input voltage V -125-250 DC 180-265 AC19-33 DCOutput voltage V 196-253 210-245Frequency Hz 49,8-50,2 50Maximal efficiency % >93 94Height m 0,090 0,444Width m 0,322 0,328Length m 0,180 0,240Masse kg 18,5 30Recommended capacityof accumulators setAh - 400-1400• Direct current produced in PV installation is used to charge the set of solar accumulators, or it is transferred directly by the inverter of the type Quattro 5000. There, the current is converted into alternating current. • Optimal working conditions for the direct current installations are provided by charging regulators of the type MPPT 100/20-1 (for mono-crystalline modules) and CXN 40 (for CIS modules). • Monitoring of parameters of accumulator sets for each PV installation is carried on by means of BMV-501 units. Each set of accumulators consists of 12 batteries and the voltage rating for each one equals 24V. Capacity of the sets equals 800 Ah.•PV installation with CIS modules supply 2 lamps with total power of 150 W, whereas the PV installation with mono-crystalline modules supplies 2 lamps with total power of 300W. •Lighting in the property is switched on automatically by a dusk sensor. PV installation with CIS modules PV installation with mono-crystalline modulesMonth/UnitElectric power productionElectric power consumption Electric power productionElectric power consumption [kWh] [kWh] [kWh] [kWh]October35,51 61,09 55,24 132,76November19,40 51,10 32,36 165,82December10,18 77,57 9,36 198,55Total65,09 189,76 96,95 497,13Average ofmonth 21,70 63,25 32,32 165,71Table 1. Specification of amount of produced and consumed electric energy in the period from October till December 2009 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Solar collectors installation in collaboration with a heat pump system in West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin

http://repository.edulll.gr/edulll/bitstream/10795/3648/2/3648_4%20HYBRID%20INSTALLATION%202011.pdf

Solar collectors installation in collaboration with a heat pump system in West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin

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Digital Repository of Hellenic Managing Authority of the Operational Programme "Education and Lifelong Learning" (EDULLL)

Solar collectors installation in collaboration with a heat pump system in West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin

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Digital Repository of Hellenic Managing Authority of the Operational Programme &quot;Education and Lifelong Learning&quot; (EDULLL)

Digital Repository of Hellenic Managing Authority of the Operational Programme "Education and Lifelong Learning" (EDULLL)