Agiadi, Konstantina

Antonarakou, Assimina

Kafousia, Nefeli

Karakitsios, Vasileios

Kontakiotis, George

Digital Repository of Hellenic Managing Authority of the Operational Programme &quot;Education and Lifelong Learning&quot; (EDULLL)

Fish otoliths from the Messinian of Zakynthos Island (Ionian Sea, eastern Mediterraean)Konstantina Agiadi, Vasileios Karakitsios, Assimina Antonarakou, George Kontakiotis, Nefeli KafousiaDepartment of HistoricalGeology and Paleontology,Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment,National and Kapodistrian University of Athenskagiadi@geol.uoa.grGiornate di Paleontologia XIV, 11-13 July 2014, BariClass Actinopterygii Klein, 1885   Division Teleostei Mueller, 1846 Order Clupeiformes Bleeker, 1959  Family Engraulidae Gill, 1861   Genus Engraulis Cuvier, 1816    Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Order Stomiiformes Regan, 1909  Family Sternoptychidae Dumeril, 1806   Genus Maurolicus Cocco, 1838    Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1789)  Family Phosichthyidae Weitzman, 1974   Genus Vinciguerria Jordan and Williams, 1896    Vinciguerria poweriae (Cocco, 1838) Order Myctophiformes Regan, 1911  Family Myctophidae Gill, 1892   Genus Ceratoscopelus Gunther, 1864    Ceratoscopelus maderensis (Lowe, 1839)   Genus Diaphus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890    Diaphus befralai Brzobohaty and Nolf, 2000    Diaphus cavallonis Brzobohaty and Nolf, 2000    Diaphus cf. pedemontanus Robba, 1970    Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco, 1838)    Diaphus rubus Girone et al. 2010    Diaphus taaningi Norman, 1930   Genus Myctophum Rafinesque, 1810    Myctophum coppa Girone et al. 2010 Order Gadiformes Goodrich, 1909  Family Moridae Goode and Bean, 1896   Genus Physiculus Kaup, 1858    Physiculus aff. huloti Polli, 1953  Family  Gadidae Rafinesque, 1810   Genus Gadiculus Guichenot, 1850    Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot, 1850    Gadiculus labiatus (Schubert, 1905) Order Perciformes Bleeker, 1859  Family Gobiidae Bonaparte, 1832  Family Trichiuridae Rafinesque, 1810   Genus Lepidopus Gouan, 1770 Order Pleuronectiformes (Regan, 1910)  Family Bothidae Regan, 1910Acknowledgements. is research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: THALIS – UOA – “Messinian Salinity Crisis: the greatest Mediterranean environmental perturbation and its repercussions to the biota”.e Kalamaki teleost fauna exhibits great diversity in the benthic-benthopelagic group, similar to those examined by Girone et al. (2010) from northern Italy.  Gadiculus labiatus is the most frequent species in the assemblages, although gobiids are generally even more abundant. However, the gobiid specimens are very small and indeterminable to the specific, or even generic, level. e pelagic realm is dominated by myctophids, especially those belonging to the genus Diaphus, which is much diversified; six different species may be identified with high abundance in the studied samples. Notably, Diaphus rubus and Myctophum coppa, two fossil species first reported in the pre-evaporitic sequence of northern Italy, are also found in Kalamaki section. In biogeographic terms, six of the fourteen fish, identified at the specific level, are extinct today; the remaining still inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea, apart from Physiculus huloti which occurs only in the Atlantic Ocean. Diaphus befralai, D. pedemontanus, D. rubus and Myctophum coppa are absent in the so far studied Pliocene and Pleistocene assemblages of the eastern Mediterranean. Biogeographye Messinian Kalamaki area presents a well diversified fauna, comprising both abundant pelagic and benthic-benthopelagic fish. e continuous presence of gobiids throughout the basal part of the section and the occurrence of Bothidae suggest rather shallow water depths before the onset of gypsum deposition. Furthermore, the occurrence of the tropical benthopelagic species Physiculus aff. huloti indicates depths less than 320 m. However, the great number of Diaphus species and specimens, as well as the presence of gadids (Gadiculus argenteus and Gadiculus labiatus) in the upper part of the basal sequence (just prior to the gypsum deposits) show that the area was not secluded, and depths certainly greater than 50 m may be expected. In addition, Maurolicus muelleri is present in almost all the samples examined and in great abundances. Although this bathypelagic species has a large bathymetric distribution today, between 0-1524 m, it is usually found between 300-400 m depth. Combining the above, a paleodepth around 300 m appears more likely for the basal sequence of Kalamaki section.Very significant may be the record in the Kalamaki samples of Engraulis encrasicolus, which is very abundant today in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, and has been known to tolerate salinities from 5 to 40‰. Silva et al. (2014) suggest that anchovies rapidly track their optimal thermal physiological conditions during extreme climate events, recolonizing the aﬄicted areas only after preferred conditions have re-established. e presence thus of E. encrasicolus at this level may indicate that the major paleoenvironmental perturbation had not yet taken place.PaleoecologySystematic Paleontologye study areaBiostratigraphyMethodologySeveral bulk samples for otolith analysis were obtained throughout the lower and upper part of Kalamaki section, including the ‘trubi’ formation, as well as in each of the marl beds in between the evaporite sequence. e lower part of the section yielded the most significant findings, which were then described and systematically identified.Biostratigraphic analysis of the pre-evaporitic sequenceof Kalamaki section indicates that the stratigraphic interval below the gypsum units may be attributed to the late Messinian, based on planktonic foraminifera assemblages and mainly the distribution range of Turborotalita multiloba (Karakitsios et al., 2013). e planktonic foraminifera assemblages are characterized mainly by Turborotalita quinqueloba and T. multiloba, whereas Globigerinoides obliquus, rare specimens of Globigerinoides quadrilobatus, Globigerina bulloides, Orbulina spp., Globigerinita glutinata, Neoquoboquadrina acostaensis and rare specimens of Globoturborotalita decoraperta are also present. Turborotalita multiloba is very abundant and dominates the assemblages from the base of the section,as well as N. acostaensis dextral coiling specimens. Sinistral coiled specimens of the latter species are very rare in the Kalamaki assemblages, indicating that the base of the section may be placed within the MMi 13c Turborotalita multiloba interval Zone, dated above the age of 6.36 Ma. Several bioevents were recognized, such as the influxes of G. scitula gr. and sinistral coiled N. acostaensis, indicating that the pre-evaporitic sequence of Kalamaki area ranges up to 6.0 Ma. Kalamaki section is located in the south-eastern coast of Zakynthos Island, on the eastern edge of Laganas coast. e Neogene sequence of the Kalamaki-Argasi area has been deposited over the Ionian zone basement. Kalamaki section  begins with a 15 meter-thick succession of alternating massive and laminated marls with rare calcareous marls and calcarenite intercalations. is succession is followed by 10 meters of slumped and folded sediments of the same lithology, succeeded by a 98 meter-thick evaporitic unit incorporating six evaporitic cycles in alternation with marl deposits (Karakitsios et al., 2013). ese deposits have been ascribed to the Primary Lower Gypsum unit of Roveri et al. (2008) deposited during the 1st stage of the Messinian salinity crisis (5.971 – 5.60 Ma). Above the evaporitic sequence, there is a transitional clastic formation of approximately 8 meters thickness. e “trubi” carbonate formation, which overlies through a low-angle angular unconformity, begins with 3 meters of massive marly limestones followed by an alternation of decimetric carbonate and laminated marl beds.ReferencesAgiadi K., Triantaphyllou M., Girone A., Karakitsios V. & Dermitzakis M. (2010). Fish otolith paleobathymetric application to the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of Kephallonia and Zakynthos Islands (Ionian Sea, western Greece). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 116(1): 63-78.Agiadi K. (2013). Investigation of the Plio-Pleistocene eastern Mediterranean ichthyofauna and paleoenvironmental representations on Rhodes and Crete Islands. PhD thesis, 167pp., appx. I-III. University of Athens.Girone A., Nolf D. & Cavallo O. (2010). Fish otoliths from the pre-evaporitic (Early Messinian) sediments of northern Italy: their stratigraphic and palaeobiogeographic significance. Facies, DOI 10.1007/s10347-010-0212-6.Karakitsios V., Roveri M., Lugli S., Manzi V., Gennari R., Antonarakou A., Triantaphyllou M., Agiadi K. & Kontakiotis G. (2013). Remarks on the Messinian evaporites of Zakynthos Island (Ionian Sea, eastern Mediterranean). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 47: 50-61.Roveri M., Lugli S., Manzi V. & Schreiber B.C. (2008). e Messinian Sicilian stratigraphy revisited: new insights for the Messinian salinity crisis. Terra Nova, 20(6): 483-488.Silva G., Horne J.B. and Castilho R. (2014). Anchovies go north and west without losing diversity: post-glacial range expansions in a small pelagic fish. Journal of Biogeography, doi: 10.1111/jbi.12275.e Kalamaki evaporitic sequence. E: evaporites, M: marl beds, Tr: ‘trubi’ formation.e pre-evaporitic Messiniandeposits of Kalamaki section.Zakynthos Island geological map.Lithology and biostratigraphy of the Kalamaki section.

Fish otoliths from the Messinian of Zakynthos Island
(Ionian Sea, eastern Mediterraean)

http://repository.edulll.gr/edulll/bitstream/10795/2721/2/2721_521_Agiadi%20et%20al%202014%20poster.pdf

Fish otoliths from the Messinian of Zakynthos Island (Ionian Sea, eastern Mediterraean)

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