Societies in transition are vulnerable to strong forces for political change. When Franco\u27s fascist government defeated the socialist party that had taken control from 1931 to 1936, it aligned itself with Spain\u27s Catholic Church. For most of Spain\u27s history, the established Church culture had been inseparable from Spanish identity and Catholicism was taught in all schools, private and public. Therefore, under the guise of religion, the government used the educational system as a means of socialization, connecting nationalism and religion to promote their fascist agenda. The purpose of this historiographic study is to examine the relationships among the school, government, and Church in Spain during the Franco era (1939 - 1975) in the context of that nation\u27s social, economic, political, and cultural forces. An examination of school textbooks written and used in the Franco era were analyzed as to their reflection of State and Church policies. Interviews of Spaniards that attended school during the Franco era were also included
