Among the plethora of techniques that conforms the Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) family, electrical field-flow fractionation (ElFFF) was designed to separate different analytes based on their size and electrophoretic mobility. However, major technical and operational issues made this technique to fall into oblivion. Many of those drawbacks can be circumvented if another field is employed as the main driving force for the elution in the same channel, such as the most successful and useful FFF-related technique, asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). The combination results in a new member of the FFF family termed as electrical asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (EAF4). This technique was conceptualized in 2015, and has gained attention, especially in the study of biomolecules, nanomaterials, their interactions and transformations, due to its ability to determine size-resolved electrophoretic mobility of this kind of analytes, which is not directly accessible by batch techniques based on e.g., electrophoretic light scattering. This review gives an overview of this novel analytical technique, including a summary of the theoretical elements behind this approach, followed by a discussion of the possibility to provide multiple information through its coupling with a variety of detectors. Also, the applications of EAF4 to analytes from the nano to the micro scale in diverse matrices are presented. Finally, the challenges that EAF4 faces today and trends for the near future are addressed
