Висоцька, Тетяна

Пучкова, А.

English

Puchkova, A.

Vysotska, T. М.

eLibrary National Mining University

Several other languages have an important international presence, of course. Two, indeed, have far more mother-tongue speakers than English. A survey puts Chinese and Spanish ahead of English. But the reason for the global status of English is nothing to do with the number of first-language speakers it has. There are some three times as many people who speak it as a second or foreign language, and this ratio is increasing.  Once a language comes to be so widespread it is influenced by the changes taking place in the way English is used in such countries as Singapore, South Africa, etc. So what are the consequences of this process? What will happen with the language, as a result? Probably, the most immediate result will be the development of new varieties of English. Some of these “New Englishes” already exist, going under such names as “Singlish” (short for Singapore English) and “Spanglish” (for the Hispanic/ English mixed language heard in the USA). They exist simply because people want them to – that is, they want a distinctive form of language to express their local or ethnic identity. They develop very different vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from that found in Standard English. At present Standard English is the chief force, existing as an international reality in print, and available as a tool for national and international communication by people from all countries; and this position of Standard English is reinforced by new technologies (Satellite television, Internet). The vast majority of the World Wide Web is in Standard English.  The flowering of an individual language is a wonderful thing, but all languages have a right to flower. Puchkova A. National Mining University Scientific supervisor: T.М. Vysotska   AMERICAN ENGLISH: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS  Despite the fact that American English is the most common variant of the language, we can not overlook the fact that there are dozens of other variants of English. It should be emphasized that British variant laid the foundation for American, and then Australian and South African variants of English. The Nigerian, Indian, Singaporean and many new varieties of English appeared in the twentieth century.  However, American English in the US is native for 80% of the population. It has a standard number of properties in spelling, grammar and vocabulary and is ensrined in the educational system and the media.  It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the 50th-60th years of XX century are marked by the increasing penetration of Americanisms into English of Britons, Australians, New Zealanders, Canadians and Irish, and the 70th, and especially the 90th, - into the languages of other nations. Especially intensively, Americanisms get into the lexical structures of the languages with relatively few speakers who also use Latin alphabet (French, Italian, Polish, etc.), as well as into other Germanic languages (Dutch, German, Swedish, Danish, etc.).  72The analysis of literature allows to state that there are some basic points of view on the status of English. According to authoritative linguists (N.Webster, O.M.Korchashkina, V.D.Arakin, H.V.Nesterchuk and others), American English is an independent self-speech. One of the followers of this judgment is Noah Webster, commonly known as the creator of unified standards of American English.  The topicality of this research is attributed to the fact that it allows to classify scientific opinions on American English. English is common not only in England but also abroad. It is an official language in many countries. At the same time the English language of each state has its own characteristics, its distinctive features that were formed in the course of historical development, as a result of the neighboring countries influence and indigenous population languages. The object of this research is the American version of the English language. The subject of the research is lexical and grammatical features of American English. The purpose of this work is to identify lexical and grammatical features of American English. To achieve this purpose it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to consider the characteristics of British English and American English; 2) to study the origin of American English; 3) to identify grammatical and lexical features of American English. In the process of our research, we studied basic theoretical papers by domestic and foreign linguists. We examined the historical context of American English origin, investigated Native Americans and European immigrants languages impacts on American English. On the basis of theoretical works and practical examples we considered American English grammatical and vocabulary features. We also described and systematized the main differences of British and American variants of the English language in grammar and vocabulary. Rakhouba O. Université nationale de Tcherkassy de Bogdan Khmelnitskiy Consultant scientifique: O.Pinkovska  LE STATUT CATÉGORIEL DE L’ADJECTIF DU TROISIÉME TYPE PROCHAIN  Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’adjectif prochain pour diverses raisons. En premier lieu, pour son comportement singulier. Cette singularité tient au fait qu’il n’a ni les propriétés d’un adjectif qualificatif, ni celles d’un adjectif relationnel. Il peut très difficilement apparaître en position d’attribut (Cette semaine est prochaine) ou être modifié par très, contrairement aux qualificatifs, et il n’est pas morphologiquement dérivé d’un substantif, contrairement aux relationnels. C’est la raison pour laquelle Schnedecker le classe parmi les adjectifs «du troisième type». Par ailleurs, l’adjectif prochain n’a fait l’objet d’aucune étude systématique. Seuls quelques auteurs s’y sont intéressés (Schnedecker 2002; Berthonneau 2002), mais dans le cadre d’études essentiellement basées sur l’introspection et la prise en compte de quelques rares énoncés attestés. Nous ne disposons ainsi d’aucunes 73

AMERICAN ENGLISH: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS

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AMERICAN ENGLISH: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS

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