Cadmium is produced solely as a by-product and all cadmium of commerce is obtained from zinc ores. It is a rare occurrence when zinc deposits are found which do not contain some cadmium

McMaster, W. D.

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Montana Tech LibraryDigital Commons @ Montana TechBachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970 Student Scholarship5-15-1951The Electrolytic Purification of an ImpureCadmium Sulfate Solution with a Cell Utilizing aMercury Cathode and a Lead AnodeW. D. McMasterFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.mtech.edu/bach_thesesPart of the Ceramic Materials Commons, Environmental Engineering Commons, GeologyCommons, Geophysics and Seismology Commons, Metallurgy Commons, Other EngineeringCommons, and the Other Materials Science and Engineering CommonsThis Bachelors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Montana Tech. It has been acceptedfor inclusion in Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970 by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Montana Tech. For moreinformation, please contact ccote@mtech.edu.Recommended CitationMcMaster, W. D., "The Electrolytic Purification of an Impure Cadmium Sulfate Solution with a Cell Utilizing a Mercury Cathode and aLead Anode" (1951). Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970. Paper 353.rr -. ~UC'I'ROL .IIC 1: urc" Ie TIO T 0 A ~ n/'~u . lIAD1, rIDiu LF T~ C:LL UTILIZI ' AU C Thv erTh~ b · t t t at llurthnt ofBee e f CA rgic 1 Eo ole«av 1T J2.!Ll£CT OLYT U I '1G I ION OlP . . I' URE C D ·~I 1~UL AT.G SOLUr -10 TilTH A C~ L U1'ILIZ G Ar ' CU yeA T ~OD . A L~AD A TO E• I) I~ cIv ~ s t e ru b tte t tT esiD 0 rtme t of etallur~lfj ment of the'(3 or h D r e e 0c or f ~i nee i J~et llur ic 1 1 ine ern n2273 2hoo 0 ett ta5, 1 5m B · 0 GO lENT~T~tl P geI tr tU ti ---------------------- 1Fr bl --------------------------- 3re of olutio ----------- 4C nst uction f the C 1 ---------- 5o er tion of th C ------------- 8Cone u ions -------- -------------- 13comme d tions --------------- --- 14y ---------------------- 17T c 'rIO J OFoyC ILL U III L,I .ODEJll O' ucrrC i 0 oe 801e1. s od ct n1 c m c ere is bt in d r zi c re .r r c rre he z aepos·ts re .ount s e e drm u.. 10 0 t t i ort n sources for t Ie prod cti n0 mi i t' e uri icrt·on residue obt i ed frth inc st u i ic ion of z c sulf te 0 utions.c u t i in t,e 1 tter t e of the zince ell c ov imnurities detri entQl to the1 ctr 1 c 0 0 zinc T e so t·on tre teds t ov r 1 ro t e t 1e ch ooer tione tr 1 c i ro rrll out ironi n ti on Vv 1 be reci i-t t rifie t·o ste . H e r0 e tr 1 1e c will co t ic c e c mi n m or tsur s such s er nium 0 b It nde1 it·o 0 ree it tes the e·ch e er out 0 ...,0 ution. e1re ulten uri ic teo residue is then tre ted torecover zi c co er an c miumT uri ic tion esidue contAin sufficientco r i c c d i to rar r nt further t e~tmentf r thJir recover 2 The eost of the b e ue te iu e tr ction i thu: b r r e1 the incnee t t t 0 th re i ue is n ce s rt _8 c- eeaver st n oi tTh resi ue is Ie ch d ith del teh ric to re ov s m ch of t16 ~i c nc i ssible h residue c n ither be leBchei th 0 i e or u oxidized co ition. If theresi e is 0 i ize r violl to 1e chin , t he 80e dof olutio of n d iu wi be i creased-h ever e t r r otic 0 copper nd otherm u itie ~ill b ta en int so ution 0 the otheth r s i due is Ie ehe in tile unoxi izedc n, ro e · 1 be formed nd if rsenec isr i e ·1 be or eo T is s ist 1r :3e 0 r s ue s usu le cha by ente t ced i eutr t e1 t i m n e 0 t of the zi c1 c " n 1 c 8i er b e ortionthe co er T e re 1 inin.o- ·resid e containico er ot~e nso uble mater 1 is sett ad 0 ta is she p t c per melte for tre trnent.T overf 0 i t 19 t e ted with zinc d.ust to ..recip-it te v r r e ro ortion of the cop er Thisreci it t c neither be dded to the co er esiduer c n be ent b ok to t e 1e chin division Thec m·um s the ov rflo s rec·pit ted bv furtherd it·ons o' zi c dust t obt in cAdmi m-zinc S 0 e 4The snon e fter oxidation is 1e ched to obt intl e 0c d iufeed to be introduce i to the e ectro ytice1 r eo t 0me t 0e i h co ib- it·ez c i1t, etcdditio to ver~ minorcof r duci i st e ha ce tov i ·t·es b othe methodsth t thi thi w s . eurefic t· note oc b sed to u ef sol t·ons ·c co o to·nvestRR teon· to ete m eotic3i ur s f te so utio t the use ofc c t ini e c r cathode nd in bleead ooe The so ut·o u ed ~as obt i ed bv Ie ch-i im ure c i soon~e with diluted commerci 1II h c aci •TIO LUTIOThe ter 1 u ed t pre re the feed to the celre c i non)e nd chemic 1 ures 1 h ric ci • h s on« w first u verized nd1 ce i drv·n ve to drive off 11 m istureThe - i t e ssed through ro s dre e t r v m s 2 mesh m ter·al A1 e h t r·a w s cas eo throu h th r Iseo i the n ersize 8 a n sc ee e offhi re re ted until 11 rna r 1 se~t s 20 e h ere s· 19 The m e i 1 as the n 1 os i 00 t i rs for ubse uent user he c lutio was re are bv i utine cial su r c ei 'J • th water to obt in 25er ce t c-d s ut·onin te b t 1 c a 0 ro were e fort -tat·o 0 the 0 n 1 eo utio . At · t c ur cid s 1 c d ne ch T· he t r batt e uuff· c i,e t cFtomt or o eutr 1 o ut·one ted f eriods of three hours. ter)i t tio t e nul ilt,Teo t bu er fi tefiltr t 0 to be e I r0 C n er TJ. s·t ted th ro tin 0e s to ro uo 0 ·d t·on The r sted 00s 1 C e n the rt n re . hie tC c co nd ver.v m· n o r 0 ts oft er subst no ss be k r ervconstr tedthe cant iner r thehe b t ve s tIerJ r w s · tr aced i toCCext rn 1 ci cuit e b Lntr oo uc lnto tcu re s d l~s T et h e n s 1 b twe n the co ie r wir0 r r nd t e s 1 t soJutionced t A erfor ted 1e d 1 ter 1 e to th mercurvr 1 t erve s t e nod r thec 1ect curr t ' S SU) lie to t i9 eel thr ou ;hhe e of n te n i current rectifier. Vo t .)9C tro t ne v r ble resistor D a ederie eter d voltmeter ere 1, 0c i the ei c it in order th t d sired vo t esnd curre t e sities co ld be in Ln t ined., rt c ties 0 e i the in'ti o er t' ne c t sit ted ch n~e of construe ionrhe Ie d no r 1 t e mercur rf cec v bee e 01 rized by the adsor t' n of sast ur ce 1 , t e connection b t een t eexte c cuit w .. ound to c rrode r idl .e c use 0 s the b'lity of the co er irto rve s 0 hIe ad ent.e r th sol t 0 .r i cult s th 1 r e vol e of o utiocont i d ·t i th b ker. rder to save time Ln1 ctr it re 1 ~ d t t s lle 0/11 ho d1 co °tr ete to e i . tht ar t i the op r ti oft t i er r tle s con oe 1c 0 t t e. h connection b t e nt c t n th xt rn 1 c Lr cut t w s e1- e i t h b tto 0 th t6T ] o e.1s sh ed to oint nd introduceinto the The ta ered e de allowed the esc eof ses no t s z-event.e d pol riz tion. due toses T·s anode w s also made of such1e th th t hen introd ced i to the' sulfate solutionthe ano-e auld ro·e t above the s rface of theolut·on This off et the carro io of t submer edconnection usee i the first cell The sm 11 valu e0 the test tu e im- ted the vol e of solutiontr uced t oi t here electro is wo Id noth ve roceed for u d Ie :Jt' ..S 0 tim .T c s fer t o e ated i order th t 1 tf c rr nt ai st va t ;,9 co e obtainea. It0 i t initi 1 0 r t - th t re th v t e e r t . sensit ve a 0u te cas it ted re 1 thea t e r at t·o et r i ord t rr c re di 0 t Lrie • te ti meterw t n r i n t t nd r \ t cellate i m t r "I to be s tisfactory for 119er n »ero e readin s c uld bt k t uc·ble method d t bev t t ti betwee the mercuro it t 0 r mote m 1 m tictu e con ecte to n tural g s sup 1 w s introduceinto t cell T t· 0 the tube w s pl ced ustbene th the mercur s rface to as aur e a it t·on 0the surf ce whe the s w s o lied tux 1 suse ins e of c ressed r to in ure thet· ue re uction of the electro ic y e ositemet 18 The intra uct·on 0 sunder ressure0 d to b sufficient to ro ate P'.. m tion ai esh 0 thode surf oe C c nstructiho 00 TIO C L:Va t e 0 rr t re din s were t ken with8m 11 i cre se c rrent These re d ings are t b-lat 0 e 10 nd re sho r phic 1 itvo i s current s ordin teD f·nite v ri tions in the continuit 0 the otc b observe corres ondin to the deeD 0 it·onte ti 1 of tl v riou ion~ resent S· oe deco -ositio t o various metals and thei ni so e hno etv c bnd type of electrodes~i. e· to t ev r e tr tioso The u co osition vo t ese1 ti n to e ch other.<)D,Q) ~- 0....Q+,a (,f). -- --"-<llI. -0-:l 0\) .c~ .,...cu~d~~-- Q).Q_a, ......,~ QJ(f) Ec/) 0a -o -+-'~C.(lJ-to0..0--.(_)uco--------Q)UPotentiometer no ~..illi eter Radin sVolts. 6 71. 71 1 91 965 102 624 22 666 15270 162 7 2 82 7 1 202 ?2 23? q ?52 7 7;>6 30? 7 32? q3 35.0 8 373 0 5 03 5 423 070 453.100 471 50o, .,,-rc)-<\ICrei ton no L en l.er h ve t bu r ted decompositionotenti 18 for ifferent electrolytes of molalco ce tr t-these vbet eel1 latinu electrodes. 5 So e ofre i ven bela Ite Decompositio ge (volts)7- c ul ateC~b It tef te~.55? 031 9'?1 49C .'" i m ulf tec erI i rent th t uite difference e ists b~t eent e ~eco ositio volta es 0 the tals no sul tesit which ~re cone red. It houl b siblei v sti .at eeetr 0 vse r tiat is re isetot Ii in t crr eelv 1T Fr eudenbe r 6 13 em loyinthen t eli i te ste ise e h metal resentAce r in to Crei hto n ~oehler thj hore s he succee·ed i effectinet 1 ·on n ci solut·on onIh ve 0 e' ted my cell in ucn e1 ctromotiv~ orce s\ f ie-entge of 2.7o oeosit-on coot ti 1 0 cobcltboth, hou_ bCob .t beio ·t "'1e vin0" leti i tr lice into th cell nt e o rr nt 1- nee tr e COl r ion i lut ch ., c IS C t 0 th1 t T so Lut i w trlou t' tt e.r.t u ti on asti ly. It s 0c1 i r 0 nt co It0 e( 110 \..IX ' tt rn }\lilJ_ t e rnu 1 rs i s 7 T e re ue elam er t b C" Lr ost entirel ~..t eres t· of' .. uriti s ot er ts co rvl th S 1 ce s ult ritie e r secir ; t] rt Ct ces o·7 2b t 1 I should be .ossibleto Ii ·n t the c .,.1t ro the s 1 t· 0 ei t er br eie tr o bv the. a lic tion ofr tee tr ot·ve force.T e erc ret 0 ossesses ru lities th t redesir'le in ur o. this nature. T e h ro eov rvolt e 0 ercurv .d its m 1 a s i vex' hi h B·ber tion 0 o en The fluicitv of the m rcurve se w·th which it c n bes s n current (1 nsities c n be ~p liea Tit 01 tis to be lesired for textr ct d fro an i troduced 1 to the cell 0 eo·s t e of sin mercur is the noisonolls n turef t e erc ur v or for ed uno c1·st·llation wev e r ,with t e ro r us the mercur co Id be aisti ledit ,.- e r ittle d ri i1 t e i ts that thi etlelect 1 l-ed in othe roc se heree eeo si ion otenti of the ions is e tnou t er it ntit tive se r tion.t f t i rob em wr to est ther tic d i sIte so ut ·on oTt e4-raced re tht t· ve w y. Ifore w s due te onI V i .._u li-h event urther re ea Ch·8 0 e onthis t eSis, I 0he folIo er co .end the fo lowi SU~ est jono te u lit tive Anc " ntit t·ve an 1 sisbe 1 ae 0 t e s lutiocellr or to introduction into the? ure ereu v oath e be use at the st rtof e ch e ectrol sis3 A n ber of 1- ~uots of s ut-o b electro-1 e v ryin the curre t dens·ty t· me ofelectro vs s4 e e eh electrol is the" mer ur~ cathoaee i till d th residuet · e n .1, si be m e 0 t he e ectro-s e c (3 i uot. I'he n 1 sis Df b thc t o'e d tio erve s check.6 1\ c1 se c r 1 nd recordi of volt ec rre in d i e th t Dower cons tionn effi i ncies c n be c leul tedA roce ure t is t pe waul f rni h det i edn 0 th r s 0 th e ct 01. s·s I1 e t h tl 0 ·b it 0 removi C1"c i re e t oth i c v 1 v n eco ornie 1m e rocedure 8 outlined on the recedi, ewou r e o ut r e a c ne Ide r abLe mount of time ana ae-t ile wor i It, is su es ted, there f re, tha t iffurther rese rei t~is th sis is contem late the0r S110 ld b sh re" br tv 0 or oossib y threei ividu ls. The or cou d the be .v·de' in ..toh se vi e ch in ivia 81 erfor in or 0 ehase of e 0 r tion, much t Lme cou be s ved dthe eeur c of the result wo d be e h noe-16LIO or P~ · dd 1 , ous IV,' j tallurco it- w -1 Book Go IYo k, 1 45, 469.i "oe1 407:3 r.re ell 04 L- de 07C e eJ n Tile & So s, I ew416 a - ehler, n 26?7 v tt, ilis, n d st C yri t 1 2C i on d h er ) 245.

The Electrolytic Purification of an Impure Cadmium Sulfate Solution with a Cell Utilizing a Mercury Cathode and a Lead Anode

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The Electrolytic Purification of an Impure Cadmium Sulfate Solution with a Cell Utilizing a Mercury Cathode and a Lead Anode

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