Chapitre 5 du rapport n° FEM 31-23 Evaluation de la qualité du système de la formation professionnelle et son impact sur le développement : Comparaison Maroc –Tunisie dans le cadre du programme de recherche FEMISE 2006-200

Bouoiyour, Jamal

Dumas, Audrey

Hanchane, Saïd

Le chapitre « Qualité de la formation professionnelle initiale au Maroc et impact des actions de formation continue sur les performances des entreprises marocaines » fait parti d'un rapport de recherche complet « Evaluation of the Professional Training System and its Impacts on Development: Comparison Between Morocco and Tunisia » MPRA Paper No. 38223.MPRA Paper No. 38223The objective of this chapter is to estimate the performance and the return of professional training in term of integration  of the professional training graduates  in labour market.  Using a micro  econometric study based on data of the OFPPT graduates over the period 2000, 2001 and 2002, the estimations are made by considering two models. The first one is a model with fixed effect which is converging and efficient in the context of this study. The second is a model with heterogeneous parameters where we consider the effects of factors of integration that can be scattered and vary from an individual to the other one.  The  results  show  that  globally  the  implement  of  professional  training  is  efficient  as  far  as  the  rates  of employability  are  very  significant.  We  conclude  that  the  graduates  of  the  professional  training  are confronted with a double problem. On one hand, the difficulties inherent to the Moroccan labour marketwhich has its own specific logic, and on the other hand, an effect of reputation pertaining to the system ofprofessional training. This effect of reputation spread beyond the general public to reach companies. Also, the public policies of assistant to the employability of graduates from professional training are inefficient, while  networks  and  practices  of  cooptation  are  the  mean  privileged  persons  to  fit  easily  into  the labour market. The role of the State seems crucial at  this level to  overcome not  only against  this phenomenon, but also to put the professional training in the heart of the implement of training and educational policy in Morocco. Concerning job training, we highlight that the special training contracts (contrats spéciaux de formation) is an efficient  measure  of  public  policy.  Indeed,  job  training  programs  increase  the  competitiveness and  the performances  of  Moroccan  firms.  Besides,  these  effects  are  even  better  when  the  implementation  of training by Moroccan  firms is part  of a real strategy of human  resources development. On  the contrary, when firms consider the public policy only as a financing opportunity, they are severely sanctioned.L’objectif de ce chapitre est d’évaluer le dispositif de formation professionnelle mis en place par l’Office de la Formation Professionnelle et de la Promotion du Travail (l’OFPPT). Les estimations économétriques ont été effectuées sur des données de panel couvrant les années 2000, 2001 et 2002. Le modèle à paramètres hétérogènes - qui part du principe que les effets des cinq facteurs d’insertion peuvent être dispersés et varient d’un individu à un autre – a été utilisé. Les résultats montrent que globalement le dispositif de formation professionnelle (FP) est efficace dans la mesure où les taux d’insertion sont très importants. Cependant, nos résultats montrent la persistance d’importants dysfonctionnements : les politiques publiques d’aide à l’insertion des lauréats de la FP sont inefficaces alors que les réseaux et pratiques de cooptation sont les moyens privilégiés pour s’insérer facilement dans le marché du travail. La (mauvaise) réputation des centres de FP auprès du grand public, mais aussi après des entreprises, a des effets dévastateurs sur la probabilité d’insertion.Concernant la formation continue, il apparaît que les entreprises opportunistes sont sévèrement sanctionnées, alors que celles qui « jouent le jeu » sont récompensées en matière d’amélioration de leurs performances. De même, les contrats spéciaux de formation s'avèrent être une mesure efficace et pertinente de la politique publique en matière de formation tout au long de la vie

HAL AMU

Qualité de la formation professionnelle initiale au Maroc et impact des actions de formation continue sur les performances des entreprises marocaines

The objective of this chapter is to estimate the performance and the return of professional training in term of integration of the professional training graduates in labour market.  Using a micro econometric study based on data of the OFPPT graduates over the period 2000, 2001 and 2002, the estimations are made by considering two models. The first one is a model with fixed effect which is converging and efficient in the context of this study. The second is a model with heterogeneous parameters where we consider the effects of factors of integration that can be scattered and vary from an individual to the other one. 
The results show that globally the implement of professional training is efficient as far as the rates of employability are very significant. We conclude that the graduates of the professional training are confronted with a double problem. On one hand, the difficulties inherent to the Moroccan labour market which has its own specific logic, and on the other hand, an effect of reputation pertaining to the system of professional training. This effect of reputation spread beyond the general public to reach companies. Also, the public policies of assistant to the employability of graduates from professional training are inefficient, while networks and practices of cooptation are the mean privileged persons to fit easily into the labour market. The role of the State seems crucial at this level to overcome not only against this phenomenon, but also to put the professional training in the heart of the implement of training and educational policy in Morocco.
Concerning job training, we highlight that the special training contracts (contrats spéciaux de formation) is an efficient measure of public policy. Indeed, job training programs increase the competitiveness and the performances of Moroccan firms. Besides, these effects are even better when the implementation of training by Moroccan firms is part of a real strategy of human resources development. On the contrary, when firms consider the public policy only as a financing opportunity, they are severely sanctioned

Qualité de la formation professionnelle initiale au Maroc et impact des actions de formation continue sur les performances des entreprises marocaines

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