International audienceSelf-assessment as a resource for health education: results of 7-day continuous data collection of 10- 11 –year old children’s health habits Objectives: Children are digital natives; they live in a world shaped by technology. The use of personal data collected by smartphones may raise ethical issues, but also can be viewed as a powerful tool for education, enabling working with children. This study examines how health routines are realized among 10-11 -year old schoolchildren and what ethical issues may occur in taking part of this kind of an educational research process. Methods: Twenty children participated in the study. Data were collected via smartphones or tablets through health game application during seven consecutive days. Each day the children answered to 12-14 questions concerning their daily health routines. The process and data analysis were made in order to understand 1) the relationship the children have to such apps, 2) the potential of mobile apps in health education, and 3) the possible trends in children’s daily health routines. The ethical questions actualized in several phases of the study. Results: Children used the application easily. According to preliminary findings, children’s behaviours can be divided at least in three categories. First group of children, for example, washed their teeth twice a day, ate healthy, and had a sufficient amount of sleep at night. Second group generally had healthy habits, but they did not follow certain routines daily. Third group of children had daily habits that may become health threats, if they are not specifically addressed. The potential use of these personal data in school health education will be discussed in the presentation. Conclusions: Monitoring children’s health behaviours during a short period brings potentially valuable insights into their health habits. It can be used as a resource for health education if it takes into account the fact that children’s health and well-being are influenced by a complex interplay of biological, environmental, cultural, and social factors

Jourdan, Didier

Pironom, Julie

Simar, Carine

Sormunen, Jukka

Sormunen, Marjorita

Tossavainen, Kerttu

Archive Ouverte a LUniversite Lyon 2

UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Marjorita	Sormunen,	PhD,	Postdoctoral researcher,	University of	Eastern	Finland,	Department	of	Nursing Science
Julie	Pironom,	MSc,	Research	Engineer,	ACTé EA	4281,	Blaise	Pascal	University,	Clermont-Ferrand	
Carine	Simar,	PhD,	Lecturer	in	Education,	Lyon	University,	Research	team	ACTé EA4281,	Health	education
Jukka	Sormunen,	MSc,	Principal,	Kuopio	Classical High School,	Finland
Didier	Jourdan,	Professor,	Director,	Prevention	and	health	promotion	department	French	National	Public	Health	Agency
Kerttu	Tossavainen,	Professor,	University of	Eastern	Finland,	Department	of	Nursing Science
Self-assessment	as	a	resource	for	health	education:	results	of	7-day	continuous	data	collection	of	10-11–year	old	children’s	health	habits
Background of	the study
Part of	a	wider research program (Finland	– France)Phase 1	(spring 2015):	Electronic	survey for	parents and	teachers;447	parents,	161	teachers in	Finland,	289	parents,	90	teachers in	FranceAim was to	identify the home-school collaboration related to	health.Phase 2	(fall 2015)	in	Finland	only:	7-day mobile	survey for	pupils (pilot study)	
2	schools,	20	fifth and	sixth graders
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Why using mobile	game to	collect data	abouthealth behaviors from school-aged children?
• Cross-sectional survey is	a	traditional method to	collect health behaviorinformation,	but it	gives information only from one time point /	situation.
• Filling questionnaire in	paper or in	electronic form by computer for	longer period of	time may be uncertain and	presumable boring for	children –>	respondents’	point of	view
• Testing new methods – innovative way of	collecting data	AND
• Using	the data	in	health education at	school,	following ethical guidelines
Five key steps in	collecting data	in	this study
Ending	the	process	with	pupils
Monitoring	the	responses	during	the	data	collection	and	tackling	the	possible	problems	immediately
Implementing	the	survey
Training	the	pupils	and	their	teacher	to	use	the	device	and	health	game	
Planning	and	preparing	the	survey	by	content	and	technically
Educational component
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Clear instructions for	pupils (written,	oral)• You get access to	the survey by touching the symbol(activating it).	Answer the question and	send theresponse.	The symbol disappears when you havegiven your response.	• Answer each question daily alone,	carefully,	and	
honestly.• When you have accessed all the symbols and	theyhave disappeared,	you have answered all dailyquestions.• Remember to	charge the device daily as	instructed.• You need approximately 10	minutes to	play	the gamein	the mornings and	half an	hour in	the evenings.	Take this into	account.	• Do not change your behavior because of	playing	the game.
Technical,	behavioral,	and	ethical issues!
Examples of	questions with symbols
• 14-16	questionsdaily
• 7	consecutive days
• Questions relatedto	health /	dailybehaviors
Photographic data
Multiple-choice data
Numerical data
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Why is	breakfast	important?
29.6.2016 9
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Waking up and	bedtimeAt	school mornings,	the waking time was5:45-9:45At	weekends,	the waking time wasbetween 6:30-11:20Before schooldays,	the bedtimes variedfrom 20:00-0:30At	weekends,	the bedtime was between20:30-03:50The lenght of	night sleep was not alwaysoptimal (variation 7-12h)
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
TV	programs,	movies,	games,	apps
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
The place of	cell phone during night
Monday Saturday
What do you think about this
finding?
My own bed x
Night stand in
my room
xxxxxx xxxx
At desk in my
room
x xxx
Beside the bed in
my room
xxxx xxxx
In bag or
backbag
x
In other room xxxx xxxxx
Somewhere else
or no phone
x x
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Knowledge	or not?
• How	many bones are in	the human body?
• Is	it	good to	wash teeth after or before breakfast?
• What is	the most hard material in	human body?
• What is	the first aid for	ankle sprain?
• What is	osteoporosis?
• Where can you seek help,	if you feel extremely sad aboutsomething?
• How	many times a	day you should eat?
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Pupils’	experiences of	using the game
”It	was extremely fun”	x	15
”Quite ok”	x	5
”It	was easy to	use”
”I	remembered to	answer every time”
No	one expierienced that the time (7	days)	was too long	
Data	collection process
• Informing parents /	guardians
• Organized event beforehand
• Instructions to	keep daily life	as	normal as	possible
• Ethical issues
• Informed consents (parents,	pupils)
• Ending the game use properly
• Timing and	duration of	data	collection
• Data	collection +	educationalperspective =	separate functions?
Using	data	for	education
• Everybody (pupils,	parents,	teachers)	are aware of	the educational use of	data
• Participants of	the sessions?
• Number of	participants – anonymity
• Multiple ways of	using data:	discussions,	workshops,	integrationto	other school subjects
• No	blaming about health behaviors,	but increasing the understanding of	the reasons behind different actionsinstead
Issues worth considering
UEF // University of Eastern Finland
Thank you!
Contact:
Marjorita Sormunen
University of Eastern Finland
Department of Nursing Science
POBox 1627, 70211 Kuopio
marjorita.sormunen@uef.fi
Photos with permission of study schools’ pupils


Self-assessment as a resource for health education: results of 7-day continuous data collection of 10-11–year old children’s health habits

HAL Clermont Université

UEF // University of Eastern FinlandMarjorita	Sormunen,	PhD,	Postdoctoral researcher,	University of	Eastern	Finland,	Department	of	Nursing ScienceJulie	Pironom,	MSc,	Research	Engineer,	ACTé EA	4281,	Blaise	Pascal	University,	Clermont-Ferrand	Carine	Simar,	PhD,	Lecturer	in	Education,	Lyon	University,	Research	team	ACTé EA4281,	Health	educationJukka	Sormunen,	MSc,	Principal,	Kuopio	Classical High School,	FinlandDidier	Jourdan,	Professor,	Director,	Prevention	and	health	promotion	department	French	National	Public	Health	AgencyKerttu	Tossavainen,	Professor,	University of	Eastern	Finland,	Department	of	Nursing ScienceSelf-assessment	as	a	resource	for	health	education:	results	of	7-day	continuous	data	collection	of	10-11–year	old	children’s	health	habitsBackground of	the studyPart of	a	wider research program (Finland	– France)Phase 1	(spring 2015):	Electronic	survey for	parents and	teachers;447	parents,	161	teachers in	Finland,	289	parents,	90	teachers in	FranceAim was to	identify the home-school collaboration related to	health.Phase 2	(fall 2015)	in	Finland	only:	7-day mobile	survey for	pupils (pilot study)	2	schools,	20	fifth and	sixth gradersUEF // University of Eastern FinlandWhy using mobile	game to	collect data	abouthealth behaviors from school-aged children?• Cross-sectional survey is	a	traditional method to	collect health behaviorinformation,	but it	gives information only from one time point /	situation.• Filling questionnaire in	paper or in	electronic form by computer for	longer period of	time may be uncertain and	presumable boring for	children –>	respondents’	point of	view• Testing new methods – innovative way of	collecting data	AND• Using	the data	in	health education at	school,	following ethical guidelinesFive key steps in	collecting data	in	this studyEnding	the	process	with	pupilsMonitoring	the	responses	during	the	data	collection	and	tackling	the	possible	problems	immediatelyImplementing	the	surveyTraining	the	pupils	and	their	teacher	to	use	the	device	and	health	game	Planning	and	preparing	the	survey	by	content	and	technicallyEducational componentUEF // University of Eastern FinlandClear instructions for	pupils (written,	oral)• You get access to	the survey by touching the symbol(activating it).	Answer the question and	send theresponse.	The symbol disappears when you havegiven your response.	• Answer each question daily alone,	carefully,	and	honestly.• When you have accessed all the symbols and	theyhave disappeared,	you have answered all dailyquestions.• Remember to	charge the device daily as	instructed.• You need approximately 10	minutes to	play	the gamein	the mornings and	half an	hour in	the evenings.	Take this into	account.	• Do not change your behavior because of	playing	the game.Technical,	behavioral,	and	ethical issues!Examples of	questions with symbols• 14-16	questionsdaily• 7	consecutive days• Questions relatedto	health /	dailybehaviorsPhotographic dataMultiple-choice dataNumerical dataUEF // University of Eastern FinlandWhy is	breakfast	important?29.6.2016 9UEF // University of Eastern FinlandWaking up and	bedtimeAt	school mornings,	the waking time was5:45-9:45At	weekends,	the waking time wasbetween 6:30-11:20Before schooldays,	the bedtimes variedfrom 20:00-0:30At	weekends,	the bedtime was between20:30-03:50The lenght of	night sleep was not alwaysoptimal (variation 7-12h)UEF // University of Eastern FinlandTV	programs,	movies,	games,	appsUEF // University of Eastern FinlandThe place of	cell phone during nightMonday SaturdayWhat do you think about thisfinding?My own bed xNight stand inmy roomxxxxxx xxxxAt desk in myroomx xxxBeside the bed inmy roomxxxx xxxxIn bag orbackbagxIn other room xxxx xxxxxSomewhere elseor no phonex xUEF // University of Eastern FinlandKnowledge	or not?• How	many bones are in	the human body?• Is	it	good to	wash teeth after or before breakfast?• What is	the most hard material in	human body?• What is	the first aid for	ankle sprain?• What is	osteoporosis?• Where can you seek help,	if you feel extremely sad aboutsomething?• How	many times a	day you should eat?UEF // University of Eastern FinlandPupils’	experiences of	using the game”It	was extremely fun”	x	15”Quite ok”	x	5”It	was easy to	use””I	remembered to	answer every time”No	one expierienced that the time (7	days)	was too long	Data	collection process• Informing parents /	guardians• Organized event beforehand• Instructions to	keep daily life	as	normal as	possible• Ethical issues• Informed consents (parents,	pupils)• Ending the game use properly• Timing and	duration of	data	collection• Data	collection +	educationalperspective =	separate functions?Using	data	for	education• Everybody (pupils,	parents,	teachers)	are aware of	the educational use of	data• Participants of	the sessions?• Number of	participants – anonymity• Multiple ways of	using data:	discussions,	workshops,	integrationto	other school subjects• No	blaming about health behaviors,	but increasing the understanding of	the reasons behind different actionsinsteadIssues worth consideringUEF // University of Eastern FinlandThank you!Contact:Marjorita SormunenUniversity of Eastern FinlandDepartment of Nursing SciencePOBox 1627, 70211 Kuopiomarjorita.sormunen@uef.fiPhotos with permission of study schools’ pupils

Name not available

https://www.jyu.fi/sport/laitokset/terveys/en/NHPRC/symposium_pages/M2O35_Sormunenetal.pdf#

Self-assessment as a resource for health education: results of 7-day continuous data collection of 10-11–year old children’s health habits

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HAL Clermont Université

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