In crosses between PI259747 (resistant to Puccinia arachidis) used as male parent on the one hand and NC17 and NC Ac2731 on the other, plants which had no nodules and which had yellow foliage were observed in the F2 from both crosses; the F3 from NC17 X PI259747 was also studied. The data from the F2 and F3 suggested that nodulation was controlled by independent duplicate genes and that it was plants with n1n1n2n2 which did not nodulate

Arunachalam, V

Bandyopadhyay, A

Gibbons, R W

Nambiar, P T C

Nigam, S N

ICRISAT Open Access Repository

Genetics of non-nodulation in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1) s. N. NIGAM, V. ARUNACHALAM (2), R. W. GIBBONS, A. BANDYOPADHYAY (2) and P. T. C. NAMBIAR Summary. - Non-nodulating groundnut plants were identified in the crosses of a rust resistant Peruvian cultivar PI 259747 .wit?- two Virginia ~ulti"yars, NC 17 and ~C Ac 2731. Segregation in. the F 2 and F 3 progeny rows of the cross PI 259747 X NC 17 mdlcated that a pror of mdependent duplIcate genes controls nodulatlOn. The genetic constitution of the non-nodulating plant could be inferred to be n l n 2 n l n 2. INTRODUCTION The host-rhizobium interaction in legumes is well documented [Voorhees, 1915; Nutman, 1954; Cal-dwell, 1966 ; Hubell and Elkan, 1967a, b and Vest and Caldwell, 1972]. The genetic basis of non-nodulation has been described in soybean [Williams and Lynch, 1954 and Weber, 1,966], red clover [Nutman, 1949] and peas [Holl, 1975]. However, there is only one recent instance of non-nodulation occuring in the ·cultivated groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L. [Gorbet and Burton, 1979]. In this study Gorbet and Burton [1979] observed non-nodulating plants in an F 3 population in a breeding nursey and these observa-tions were confirmed in subsequent generations., However, the authors could only conclude from iqeiI studies that non-nodulation is not conditioned by a single simple recessive gene. In 1978 it was observed that in a rust screening nursery at the ICRISA T research farm at Patancheru, near Hyderabad in India, F 2 progenies were segregat-ing for plant colour. Plants were either normal gre9Y" or yellow in colour, indicating severe nitrogen defi-(1) Groundnut Improvement Proaram, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropiCS (ICRISAT), ICRISAT Patancheru P.O., Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India. Submitted as J. A. No. 139. (2) National Fellow and Scientist (Sl) respectively, 1. A. R. 1., Regional Station, Hyderabad 500 030, India. FIG. 1. - Non-nodulating (left) and nodulating (right) groundnut plants. ciency. On examination the plants with yellow foliage were found to be devoid of nodules. This first paper reports the results of the genetics of non-nodulation based on data from a number of F 2 plants, and a full study on their individual F 3 progenies. MATERIALS AND METHODS PI259747 is a Valencia genotype (A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata var. fastigiata) of Peruvian origin and has been found to possess a high level of resis-tance to rust (Puccinia arachidis). It has been used as a parent in many crosses in breeding programs at ICRI-SAT. Non-nodulating plants were observed in segre-gating F 2 progenies of the crosses, NC 17 x PI 259747 and NC Ac 2731 x PI 259747. NC 17 and NC Ac 2731 are Virginia cultivars (A. hypogaea subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea). F 2 progenies from individual F 1 plants in the cross NC 17 x PI 259747 were planted in rows 75 cm apart and spaced at 15 cm apart within the row during the rainy season of 1978. Seeds obtained from each F 2 plant were again progeny rowed to produce the F 3 generation during the postrainy season, 1978-79. Each individual F 2 plant was scored during the podding phase for green or yellow foliage. At harvest, F 2 plants were individually scored as nodule-bearing or non-nodulating (Fig. 1). 454 Data on for nodulation of 19 progeny rows of the cross NC 17 x PI 259747 were examined both at and Fa for the of genetic control of nodulation the chi-s,JUlUe test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION When the F z data on the 19 progeny rows I) were examined on the leaf colour-nodulation 2 x 2 contingency table, it was found that these two factors are highly associated. The data when over the progeny row gave the observed frequen(~ies Nc,dulating green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1198 No,dulating yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 N(m-nodulating green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 No,n-llodluIlltillg yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Total 1402 The X2 test for the Null hypothesis «( nodulation is of leaf colour » was significant (332.9) at 1 p. 100 level thus it. Hence, further ana-were based on nodulation data alone. The data I) pointed to a 15: 1 ratio for plants both for most of the 19 individual progeny rows and when anal'{sed overall. This suggests a of independent genes nodulation. This result was based on of 19 to 207 in individual progeny rows and on 1 402 for the cross NC 17 x PI 259747. The genes can thus be sYlnboli:,ed as Nl and '''lith nl nl n z n z the nOn-llO(iullating Vol. nO 10 Octobre 1980 genotype. Such an was not done for the cross NC 2731 x PI 259747 in Based on the two gene the F 3 data were examined for with respect to nodulation in two ways. families which segregated for nodulation in considered. The F 2 genotypes which would rise to families segregating for nodulation would be Nl Na Nl n 2 --'-N' and nl n z nl 2 nl n z The ratio for : non-nodulating would then be 27 : 5 in the generation. The test of si~;nificl:tn(~e of deviation from this ratio was provided X 2 B. if we consider all the families de:scending from all possible F 2 plants, it is apparent that we a 1: 1 ratio for segregating to non-sel~re.gatilJlg families in which was tested by X2 C. A remarkable fit to the ratios was obtained in in both cases Since the fit to expected ratios was in most of the progeny rows, as well as overall, three tests A, X2 Band X2 C), and as the samples are in each pro-geny row and over the cross, NC 17 x PI 259747, the constitution of the could be inferred to be n 1 n z This was well-supported the data on the gene-ration of the other cross, NC 2731 x PI 259747 -(N = 2146; NN = 397; X2 B However, the frequency of segregating to families in F s did not fit to the ratio and this can almost certainly be attributed the loss of several families due to disease. TABLE I Identity N 104 88 63 89 63 45 94 193 112 114 Status of nodulation in the cross NO 17 X 1"1259747 NN 7 4 10 12 5 3 5 14 4 6 7 15 1 o o 2 5 4 2 104 o 0.57 6.91 '" 5.47* 0.15 o 0.24 0.09 1.55 0.32 0.79 3.02 0.22 + + 3.26 a ratio. 1 N 396 851 143 39 62 125 312 327 102 8 848 NN 35 71 66 69 1 724 0.41 0.07 0.18 0.17 0.10 4.74 '" 2.39 0.49 77.58 '" 3.72 Observed frequency families in Fa SG NS 54 40 35 40 28 27 34 93 50 57 697 0.24 0.91 o 2.09 1.52 0.51 4.15 0.02 0.46 0.08 OIeagineux, Vol. 35, no 10 - Octobre 1980 - 455 The genetic control of non-nodulation has been well-documented in peas [Holl, 1975}. In the case of a cross, Trapper (nodulated) x Afghanistan (non-nodulated), a 3: 1 F 2 segregation was obtained, indicating a single gene control for non-nodulation. However, the nitrogen fIxing ability (NF A), as measured by acety-lene reduction, was found to be controlled by two complementary genes, Trapper being the parent with high NF A. Evidence has been obtained in this study that non-nodulation is itself under the control of two duplicate genes in Arachis hypogaea. REFERENCES [1] CALDWELL B. E. (1966). - Inheritance of a strain-specific ineffective nodulation in soybeans. Crop Sci., 6, p. 427-428. [2J GOBBET D. W. and BURTON J. C. (1979). - A non-nodulat-ing peanut. Crop Sci., 19, p. 7'2:7-728. [3] HOLL F. B. (1975). - Host plant control of the inheritance of dinitrogen fixation in the Pisum-Rhizobium symbiosis. Euphyiica, 24, p. 767-770. [4] HUBELL D. H. and ELKAN G. H. (1967 a). - Correlation of physiological characteristics with nodulating ability in Rhizobium japonicum. Can. J. Microbiol., 13, p. 235-241. [5] HUBELL D. H. and ELKAN G. H. (1967b). - Host physio-logy as related to nodulation of soybeans by Rhizobia. Phytochemistry, 6, p. 321-328. [6] NUTMAN P. S. (1949). - Nuclear and cytoplaSmiC inheri-tance of resistance to infection by nodule bacteria in red clover. Heredity, 3, p. 263-291. [7] NUTMAN P. S. (1954). - Symbiotic effectiveness in nodulated red clover. II. A major gene for ineffectiveness in the host. Heredity, 8, p. 47-60. [8J VEST G. and CALDWELL B. F. (1972). - Rj4' A gene condi-tionlng ineffective nodulation in soybean. Crop Sci., 12. p. 692-693. [9] VOORHEES J. H. (1915). - Variations in soybean inocula-tion. J. Amer. Soc. Agron., 7. p. 139-140. [10] WEBER C. R. (1966). - Nodulating and non-nodulating soybean isolines. 1. Agronomic and chemical attributes Agron. J., 58, p. 43-46. [11] WILLIAMS L. F. and LYNCH D. L. (1954). - Inheritance of a non-nodulating character in the soybean. Agron. J., 46. p. 28-29. Meoanisme genHique de la non-nodulation ohez I'ara-ohide (Aracbis bypogaea L.) S. N. NIGAlV!, V. ARUNACHALAM, R. W. GIBBONS, A. BANDYOPADHYA Y, et P. T. C. NAMBIAR, Oleagi-neux, 1980, 35, No 10, p. 453-455. Des plants d'arachides sans nodulations ont ete reperes dans des croisements entre un cultivar peruvien resistant it la rouille, Ie PI 259747, et deux cultivars Virginia, les NC 17 et NC Ac 2731. La disjonction dans les Jignees F 2 et F 3 des descendances du croisement PI 259747 x NC 17 indique que la nodulation est contrlilee par une paire de genes doubles independants. La constitution genHique de la plante sans nodulation pourrait etre n 1 n 2 n 1 n 2 • RESUMEN Meoanismo genetioo de la falta de nodulaoi6n en el manl (Arachis hypogaea L.) S. N. NIGAlV!, V. ARUNACHALAM, R. W. GIBBONS, A. BANDYOPADHYA Y Y P. T. C. NAlVIBIAR, Oleagineux, 1980, 35, No 10, p. 453-455. Plantones de mani sin nodulaciones han sido localizados en cruzamientos entre un cultivar peruano resistente ala roya, el PI 259747, y dos cultivares Virginia, los NC 17 yNC Ac 2731. La disyunci6n en las lineas F 2 Y F 3 de las descendencias del cruzamiento PI 259747 x NC 17 muestra que la nodulaci6n queda controlada por un par de genes duplicado.s independien-tes. La constituci6n genetica de la planta sin nodulaci6n podria ser n 1 n 2 n 1 n z. 

Genetics of Non-nodulation in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Non nodulating groundnut plants were identified in the crosses of a rust resistant Peruvian cultivar, PI 259747, with two Virginia cultivars, NC 17 and NC Ac 2731. Segregation in the F2 and F3  progeny rows of the cross PI 259747 x NC 17 indicated that a pair of independent duplicate genes controls nodulation. The genetic constitution of the non-nodulating plant could be inferred to be n1 n2 n1 n2

Nigam, S. N.

Arunachalam, V.

Gibbons, R. W.

Bandyopadhyay, A.

Nambiar, P. T. C.

Indian Academy of Sciences

.-.-.. -- STER GATI BER: 09295.60 
., 
Genetics of Non-nodulation in Groundnut 
Record no. D-41 
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--(It) = I - ~ U-'"'" - ~ = - ~ ... = - '0= .,e: = ~ 
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Genetics of non-nodulation in groundnut 
(Arachis hypogaea L.) (1) 
s. N. NIGAM, V. ARUNACHALAM (2), R. W. GIBBONS, 
A. BANDYOPADHYA Y (2) and P. T. C. NAMBIAR 
Sumnlary. - Non-nodulating groundnut plants were identified in the crosses of a rust resistant Peruvian cullivar, PI 259747 
wi l h t w() \,irgi Ilia cullivars, NC 17 and NC Ac 2731. Segregation in the F 2 and Fa progeny rows of the cross PI 259747 X NC ri 
i Iltiirall'd t l1;it a pair or independent duplicate genes controls nodulation. The gene.tic constitution of the non-nodulaling plant could 
Ill' illft'rrl'd 10 Ill' II 1 II:?, III 1l 2• . 
INTRODUCTION 
Tlw host-rhizobillill interaction in leguIl1es is well 
d () C 1I1lH'Il ted l \. () () rite c S , 1915; Nut man, 1954; C a 1-
dwell. 1 ~l()(j ; Hubell and Elkan, 19G7a, b and Vest and 
en Id weIl. 19721, The genetic basis of non-nodulation 
has })('ell described in soybean l"vVillialns and Lynch, 
1 n5·1 ;llld \\"t.'hl'l'. U)()G 1,' red dover I Nut IHan. 19491 
:Ill d Pt';\S III () II. 1 D7 5]. l-Iowever, there is only one 
rl'Cl'llt iIlSI;\I11'e of l1on-llodulation oCt'llring in the 
l'lJlti\.,tlt'd gl'Olllldllut, Arachis hypogaca L. [Gorbet 
and Burton, lU79J, In this study Gorbet and Burton 
1197H J observed non-nodulating plants in an F 3 
population in a breeding nursey and these observa-
I iOl1s were con finned in subsequent generations. 
I I o \\"l'ycr, the authors could only conelude from their 
studies that non-nodulation is not conditioned by a 
single simple recessive gene. 
III 1 DiK i L W;lS observed that in a rllst screening 
111I rs(' r~T ~tl t he Ie H ISAT research farnl at Patancheru, 
II('ar II~'dt'ral);\d in India, F 2 progenies were segregat-
ing for plant colour. Plants were either rfoflnal green 
or yellow ill ('olour, indicating' severe nitrogen defi-
~ II (; "1111111111111 IlI1prO\"l'II\('Il( Pro~(";IIIl. 1111('1"11:11 iOIl:11 Crops 
1:""1':11'1"11 1f\~lilllt(· for I Ill' S(ll1li-Arid Tropics (ICHlS.\T), ICHISAT 
j':II:IIIc/lI'rll P. () .• Andll!" .. Pradcsh 502 :t~·l, India. 
:-illlllllillt'd :IS ,1. :\. No. 1~39. 
(~) :'\:ltitll1:11 Fellow :11)(1 Scicntist (S1) l"('sp{'l'Ii\"{'ly, I. A. n. I., 
IkgionaJ Sinlion, I fy(krabad ;->00030, India. . 
" 
. ~.' ",-'. 
.. .. -.. 
;t·:. . . -"",' :;'.}:-:',":: ... ;. 
ciency. On exarnination the plants with yellow, foliage 
were fOllnd to be devoid of nodules. This first paper 
report S .lhe n'sulls of the genclics of non-nodulation 
based 011 data 1'l'oln a nUlnber of F2 plants. and a full 
study on their individual Fa progenies. 
MATERIALS AND METHODS 
• 
. 
PI 25D747 is a Valencia genotype (A .. hYlwgaea 
subsp. {asligiaLa var. (asligiala) of Peruvian origin 
and has been found to possess a high level 'of resis-
tance to rust (Puccinia arachidis). It has been used as a 
parent in many crosses in breeding programs at ICRI-
SAT. NOll-nodulating plants were observed in segre-
gating F 2 .progenies of the crosses, NC 17 x PI 259747 
and NC Ac 2731. x PI 259747. NC 17 and NC Ac 2731 
are V'irginia cullivars (A. /zypvgaea subsp. /zypogaea 
var. flU f>orJaca). 
'F2 progenies 1'1'0111 individual Fl plants in the cross 
NC 17 x PI 259747 were planted in rows 75 eln 
apart and spaced at 15 ern apart within the row 
during the rainy season of 1978. Seeds oblained fronl, 
each F2 pl(llll were again progeny rowed, to produce lhe 
Fa generation during the posll'ainy S(':tSOIl. IH7X-7!f. 
Each individlWI F2 plant. W~lS s('oJ"('d dllring the 
podding phase for green or yellow foliage. i\ l lIa rvest, 
F2 plants were individually scored as, nodule-h.(~a"illg 
or non-noduJaling, (Fig, 1). 
~~~:?f,:~,,";,~r",,; "'c":," ",' ;4"~iI.wB""\\~i:!tlt:l,f:/~:";;~xt~!£~~.;" ,.,;~,~:'ii' 
, ,.,' J 
1-'1<;. 1. - i'on-nodllJ:lIing (lefl) and 
l1oe/ulating (riaM) grOllndnut plants. 
. , 
, . 
• , . ., 
• 'Dolo ..... 
' .. 
~ 
" 
: , 
i 
" .~ . ~ / .., "':~).' . -. . .( 
fl"!,~~;u:;.,,.;;;"};J~f~t:f''i4:E~j".: .,> f,;;;lt~f~!J2f! ~'t;~:dfi~ ~'i' 'It<!(a~~:~F'fi/~' c, .·······\1. ! r~ 
• 
454 
Data on segregation for nodulation· of 19 progeny 
rows of t he cross NC 17 X PI 259747 ,vere examined 
bolh al. F:! and F3 for. the possible hypotheses of 
genetic eOlll 1'01· of nodulation using the chi-square 
test. 
HESULrrSAND DISCUSSION 
\Vhen the F 2 data O~l the 19 progeny rows (Table I) 
. were examincd on the leaf colour-nodulation 2 x 2 
contillgeIlc~7 table, it ,vas found that these t,vo factors 
nn' highly ~lss()eial('d. Thc data ,vhen pooled over the 
progl'llv row g.lYt' t he following observed frequencies: . . 
Nndll\:l1 illg green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1198 
1\ndll\:1l illg yellow ........ , ...... , . .. 100 
NOII··l\odulating grl'ell .... ,........... a2 
NOll-l\odlllating yellow............... 72 
rl'()l «.1] •••••••••.•••• ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 1 402 
Till' x:! (l\sl for l he Null hypothesis « nodulation is 
illdepelldent or kaf colour )} ,vas significant (332.9) 
al ·1 p. 100 level lilliS rejecting it. Hence, further ana-
lyses were based on nodulation data alone. 
The F 2 dn La Cfable ][) clearly pointed to a 15: 1 
ratio for nod lila t ing to non-nodulating plants both 
for Illo:;t or tlw l~) individual progeny rows and when 
aJ\alysed over:"!. This suggests a pair of independcnt 
d 1I pi ieale genes controlling nodulation. This result 
was La~ed Oil sHlnplcs of 19 to 207 plants in individual' 
progeny rows and on 1 402 plants for the cros~ 
N C 17 x PI 25D74 7. The genes can thus be sYlllbolised . 
as N1lllld l\;! with III III 112 112 being the' non-nodulating 
. .. 
Ol~agineux, Vol. 35, nO 10 - Octobre' 1980 
genotype.· Such an analysis was not done for the 
cross NC 2731 x PI 259747 in F 2' 
Based on the two duplicate gene hypothesis, the F 3! 
data ,vere exmnined for segregation with respect to 
I 
nodulation in t\\'o ways. Firstly, only falnilies 'vhich' 
segregated for nodulation in F3 were considered.· The 
F 2 genolypes ",!lith would give rise lo· F3 fanli1ies' 
segregating for nodulation would be 
Nt N2 Nt 112 N l 11 2. . n1 N2 
, N' and only. 
11 1 H z 1112 n 1 n 2 'n 1 n 2 . 
The segregation ratio for nodulating : non-nod~lating 
,vould then be 27 : 5 in the F 3 ge~eration. The test of 
significance 01' deviation from this ratio· was provided 
by X 2 B. Secondly, if we consider all the Fa fanlilies 
'descending 1'1'0111 nil possible F2 pl~lnls, it is :lpP(lrenl 
that we get· a 1: 1 ratio for segregating to' U()I1-
segn'galillg raillili(~s ill F:I' whkh was l.eslt~d hy X.2 C. 
A rCIllHl.'kahle lit. to the expected ratios was uhlained 
in Fa in both cases (Table I). Since the Hlto expected 
ratios \\;ns adequ,He in most of the progeny rows, as 
well as· 0\'cn1l1, by three tesls (X:~ A, X 2 13 and X 2 C), 
and as (he SHill pIes are fairly large' in each pro-
geny row and Hdequately large over lhe .cross, 
NC 17 x PI 259747, the genetic constitution of the 
1l}.n2 
non-nodulating plant could be inferred lo be • 
. n 1 n 2 
This 'was well-sllpported by the data on the F3 gene-
ration of the other cross, NC 27:H x PI 2507·1·7 
(N = 2146; NN . 397; X 2 B = 0). l-Iowever, the 
frequency of segregating to non-segregating fanlilies in 
F 3 did not fit to the expected ratio and this can almost 
certain,ly be attributed the loss of several F3 families 
due to disease. 
TABLE I 
Status of nodulation in the cross NC 17 x PI 259747 
Identity 
17-1 
1, -~ 
17-:{ 
17 -·1 
17 -:1 
t'i'-ti 
17-7 
17-S 
17-9 
17-10 
17- J t 
1'" t·) 1- .. 
17 ~ 1 :~ 
17-1·1 
17-15 
17-1 G 
17-17 
17-18 
17-19 
OlJservcd 
frequency 
plants in 
F 2 
N NN 
104 7 
88 4 
63 10 
89 12 
U:J 5 
.. I [) 3 
n·l 5 
193 14 
112 4 
11·1 6 
74 7 
141 15 
2·1 1 
11 0 
7 0 
12 2 
40 5 
37 4 
17 2· 
'. . 
Tutal . . . . .. .. . 1 298 104 
N : Nodulating. 
NN : Non-nodulating. 
II 
• : Signi fi<.'an t at 5 p. 100 level. 
0 
0.57 
6.91 • 
5,47 * 
0.15 
0 
0.2·1 
0.09 
1.55 
0.32 
0.79 
:t02 
0.22 
+ 
+ 
+ 
1.82 
0.86 
0.59 
3.26 
Observed 
frequency 
plants in 
segregating 
F 3 
N NN 
651 113 
584 103 
527 n 101 
826 152 
458 92 
186 35 
558 HI 
1060 218 
935 169 
706 144 
396 58 
851 1 5,1 
143 24 
39 6 
62 13 
125 35 
312 71 
327 66 
102 69 
8848 1 724 
SG : Segregating. 
NS : Non-segregating. 
+ : Too few observations for testing a ratio, 
.0.36 
0.18 
0.11 
0.01 
0.50 
(] 
1. 17. 
1. ~J2 
0.06 
1.08 
OAt 
0.07 
0.18 
·0.17 
0.10 
Observed 
frequency 
families 
in F 3 
SG NS 
49 . 54 
49 40 
35 :J5 
54 40 
38 28 
22 27 
r: '1 ", :H 
91 H:~ 
57 50 
60 . 57 
31:: .) 42 
66 ()(j 
10 H 
3 8 
4 2 
X1 C 
0.24 
0.91 
0 
2.0H 
1.52 
0.;,1 
".1;, 
0'('2 
0.46 
0.08 
0.6t1 
0 
0.0;) 
+ 
+' 
4.74 • 9 4 1.92 
2.39 24 20 0.37 
0,49 25 16 1.98 
77.58 • 13 5 3.56 
3.72 697 630 3.38 
XI A: For deviation from 15: 1 ratio. 
X 2 B : For deviation from 27 : 5 ratio. 
X 2 C : For deviation from 1: 1 ratio .. 
OIeagineux, Vol. 35, nO 10 - Octobre 1980 455 
The genetic control of non-nodulation has been well-· 
dOCUll1Cllled in peas [Holl, 1975]. In the case ora cross, 
Trapper (nodtilated) X Afghanistan (non-nodulated), 
a 3: 1 F2 segregation \vas obtained, indicating a 
single gene control for non-nodulation. However, the 
nitrogen fixing ability (NFA), as measured by acety-
lene reduction, was found to be controlled by two 
conlplementary genes, Trapper being the parent with 
high NF A. Evidence has been obtained in this study 
that non~nodulaUon is itself under the control of two 
duplicate genes in Arachis hypogaea. 
REFERENCES 
[1] CALD\VELL B. E. (1966). - Inheritance of a strain-specific 
ineflective nodulation in soybeans. Crop Sci., 6, p. 427-428. 
, [2] GORBET D. \\T. and BURTON J. C. (1979). - A non-nodulat-
ing peanut. Crop Sci., 19, p. 727-728. 
[3] HOLL F. B. (1975). - Host plant control of the inheritance 
of dinitrogen fixation in the Pisum-Rhizobillm symbiosis. 
Ellpll1/tica, 24, p. 767-770. . 
[4] HUBELL D. H. and ELKAN G. H. (1967 a). - Correlation 
of physiological characteristics with noduJa1 ing .nblJily in 
Rhi':obilllll japonicllm. Call, J. l\1icrobioi., 13. p. 2:\5-241. 
[5J BUBELL D. H. and ELKAN G. H. (t967b)~ - Host physio-
logy as related to nodulation of soylH.·~·Hls by Rhiwbia. 
PhUluc/w11lislry, 6, p. 321-32R. 
[6] N UTMAN P. S. (1949). - Nuclear and. cytoplasmic inheri-
tanc.e of resistance lo infection by nodule Lwctl'ria in red 
clover. lIered;l1/, 3. p. 263-291. 
[7] NUTMAN P. S. (1954). - Symbiotic efTeclivcllcss in Ilodulatcd 
red clover. II. A major gene for ineITecli\'cllt'ss ill the host. 
Heredity, 8, p. 47-60. 
[8] VEST G. and CALDWELL B. F. (1972).'- Hj4' A gene condi-
tioning inelIective nodulation in soybean. Crop SeL, 12, 
p. 692-693. 
[9] VOOnHEES .J. H. (1915). - Variations ill soybean inocula-
tion . . 1 . .:1111(". Soc. Agroll., 7. p. 139-1<&0. 
[10] \VEBEH C. H. (1966). - Nodulating and non-nodulating 
soybean isolines. 1. Agronomic and chemical ullributes 
Agron. J., 58. p. 43-46. 
[11] \VILLIAl'tlS L. F. and LYNCH D. L. (1954). - Inheritance of 
a non-nodulating character in the soybean. Agron. J., 46. 
p. 28-29. 
RESUME: 
Mecanisme genetique de la non-nodulation chez I'ara-
chide (.4r<7chis hypogaea L.) 
s. ~. 0:1(;:\.\1. V. :\nUNACHALAM, R. \V. GIBBONS, 
A. B:\:\J)YOPAJ)IIYA Y, et P. T. C. NAMBIAR, OJeagi-
neuJ:, 1 mHl. 35, ~o 10, p. 453-455. 
Des plan Ls d 'arachides sans nodulations ont etc rcperes dans 
des crOiSl'IlH'llts enlrl' un cultivar pcruvicn resislanl ilIa 
rouille, Ie PI ~:)~17·li. d deux cultivars Virginia, Ies NC 17 el 
NC Ac :21:) t. La disjollction dans Ics lignccs F2 el F3 des 
desCl'/HlanCt'S till rroiSl'lllent PI 2597·17 X NC 17 indiquc 
qUl' la Iloduial iOIl esl ('onlr61ce par une paire de genes doubles 
indepl'Il<ianls. La conslitution. genetique de la plante sans 
nodulation pourrail l;tre III Il2 III Il 2• 
RESUMEN 
Mecanismo genetico de la falta de nodulacion en el manf 
(Arachis hypogaea L.) 
S. N. N IGt\M. V. A H UNACHALA.M, H. \V. GIBBONS, 
A. BAi'\J)YOPADHYAY Y P. T. C. NAIVIBIAH,·OJeagineux, 
1980,35, l'0 10, p. 453-455. . 
PIantones de Illani sin nodulaciones han sido localizados 
('n cruzamil'lllos entre lIll cullivar peruano resislenlc a Ia roya, 
el PI 2597·17, Y <los cullivares Virginia, los NC 17 Y NC Ac 27:H. 
La disyullt'ifln ('1\ las lineas 1"2 Y Fa de las descendcncias del 
cruzamicnlo PI 2597·17 X NC 17 lllueslra que )a nodulaci6n 
queda conlrolada por un par de genes duplicados indcpendien-
tes. La constituci6n genetica de la planLa sin nodulacilm 
podria ser n1 Il2 Il r n 2' 


Genetics of non nodulation in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Genetics of Non-nodulation in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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