Mbwaga, A M

Milliano, W A J De

Obilana, A T

ICRISAT Open Access Repository

STRZGA RESEARCH IN SORGHUM AND MILLETS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: STATUS AND HOST PLANT RESISTANCE A. Tundc Obilana 1, W. A. J. dc Milliano 1 and A. M. Mbwaga 2 Tbcn M 13 lpscb of Slriga in Southorn Afriu. Euliar rsporb a w m  of lholo lpscicl wwa m i d  d od wbik a few of the h l o r u  wwa uodrlsd. 'Ihe diruibution of (bc different a d *  in (bc 10 -criol of the mgio. am d i e c d .  ~croonini Ud ovaluting (in '6dd  pot' upwimen(r'lnd 'hol Ipoc' looticas) mrghum p ~ l p l v m  from Angola, Botmuu, Lolotho, Swuillnd lnd Zimhbwo, a& liDa d vuiclisl from outside the region, indiule m i m  shovm by lame cullivan in lhe hw gmup of &h. From Ihc region, between 2.0% and 20.0% of munlry acamaionr in Ihe gemplum wwa f d  ~~~IIMI. Among lhe introduced linu, lam cullivm with pmviow idmlifiulion for m i a l u m  Lo Sfdga miaim white (SAR linu) in India mn d m  found lo be mislant lo S. ruiulm d, S. f~rbui l  d S. hmnonrhica, Ibo l h m  most ~ f ~ ~ ) m i c a I I y  significant wits in Ihc mgion. 'Ihe cultivu SAR 19 wu &nm to h v c  multiple Nislince lo Sfriga bing  mislinl lo the hvo apeciu S, ariadm d .Ild S. fwbuii .ad toluvll lo S. hemto~~rhic~~. Cullivm SAR 16, SAR 26. SAR 29 and SAR 35 wwa d m  res iab l  to S. aririca d and S. forb~lii, while SAR 29 and iU hybrid SPL 38A x SAR 29 ibav .I for m i r h u l u  lo S. henr~ot~lhim. Host specificity of S. mirim d and S. hermonrhim on sa d  A r c  wu demonslntcd in Tanzania, while pearl milla w u  not alluked by any of (bc hvo v i a .  S o m  cvidacc of inlncmpapkific and inlemmp - spccilic stniiw of thus hvo npricl won oblahd in BolMDl Ud Tanzania in wrghum, lmpliutioru of thus  wrs iadiu(od in (Mar of idsatifying stable h W  plant mistance. INTRODUCTION in Southem Africa, witchweeds were described and recognized as parasitic u esrly aa 1905 (Bunt-D~vy, 1905). Loul Fumm named witchweeds in their local languages, suggesting a familiarity to the problem by the puprite. Snlga oslorico (L) 0. Kunm is called tam; hiti, kaufiti or likala in Chichewa (Malawi) (Bim and Logah, 1972), Uoyi in Chinyanja (wtern and ccnvnl Zambia), and kabvlzn in Chitonga (southern Zambia) (Vunon. 1983). Strfgr arpcra ir called mfiti in Chichewa (Bim and Logah, 1972). The economic importance of witchwcrb was recognized in particular for sorghum (sorghwn bicolor (L) Mocnch) and maize (Zco moyr L) in South Africa (Saundcn, 1942), Tanmia (Doggett, 1965). Zambia (Vernon, 1983). Zimbabwe ( T i a n ,  1929; 1931) rrd research to control the parasites was undertaken (Saunders, 1942; Hattigh, 1965; Doggm, 1965; V i  ud Bothr, 1974). Sorgbum dtivm were developed with m e  resistance to the red flowered Strlga arlarka such u W a r  (Sunders, 1942), to Strlga hemnfhica (Del.) Benlh. and Framida (Howley ct id., 1987). In 1984, the SADCCnCRJSAT Sorghum and milla Improvement Program w u  initiated (SADCCfiCRISAT 1985), and ddrard two major objcaiva in Striga nswch. 1. To estlblish the status of Striga in southern Afriu 2. To identify source of stable rgistance to h e  different major species of Striga in southern Africa as putly Snlga control Md management. ll& prper mim the progress msde to meet these two objeaives. MATERlALS AND m o m  llrm (roupc of rmter*l wee Iwd for Srriga rtudir in wuthern Africa. The fuat se4 wmprisiing niIKuen SAR (W#a orhclar - white fbmtcd, r a h )  l i w  wem iatroduced from ICRISAT in India. Two hundfed md 6iba fordmm lcmpbm from nine auntria of tbe SADCC region qabcs with 267 a;otk line formrd the 1. -TJslka ad M W  LmpmewN Pmpmn, P.O. Bar 776, B u b m p ,  Dnbabnv 2 ~ ~ d l h W y * a l n & , P . O O I b y . . W ~ , T H * .  S 7 r l p ~ b S a d a n . y l l o  4.M Puk, C, A. LL iiitcheoct md K. V. RumhA. 1977. The g e m i n u h  of &=&a qmcla by crop mot md*a: tsbnipua for c d d q  mttrat cultiws. Sixth h ian-wf ic  weed Scisace Soday (,hdc&. July 11-17, 1977. J a h b ,  MOD&. 67 pp. 1Waoq D. M.. C. R. Richa md L. J. Mu.sdnun. 1986. Morphology, flonl syndrome, md host specificity of W,fa w. in BXSVUY. OlCD Report. Depl of Agricultural rasuch, Gaborone, Botswana, 41pp. Rrmrirb, IC. V., C. Parka, M. I. V w d e v r  Ilro and L. I. Musselman. 1983. Strfga ldentifiution md con1101 IMbook.  lnfwrmtion Bulletin No. IS. Palencbaru, A.P., India, ICRISAT. Rkba C. R. 988. Ibo biblogy md odcowol of p r r i t i c  witchweah of grdn legume md cuerl cmpa in kd. EEC Sci- ud Technology for Dcvdopment TSD-A.0273-RB Find T e c h d d  R-.  of Agricultunl Resurch. Gaborone, Botswana, 1988.46 pages. Ricba, C. R., W. AJ. de M i l i m ,  A. B. Obilana and L. R. House. 1986. Witchweds (Str@ app) of sorghum and purl millet in the SADCC region -distribution md control. lhird SADCCnCRISAT Scqbum md M i l a  lmprovement Program Regional Workshop. 20-25 Septunber, 1986. Lusaka, Zunbu. urn. S W C R I S A T .  1986. Roc#digs. Second R e g i o J  Workshop. Gaborone, Botswana, 23-27 Septsmber 1985. SADCWlCRISAT Sorghum and Milld Improvunent Program, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe (Llmited d i b u t i o n ) .  Slunden, A. R. 1942. Fidd uperiments u Potchefstrwm. A summary of invutiguiona of Agriculture; Agricultural ud Faculty Science Bulletin 14: 19-21. Timron, S. D. 1929. Witchweed. Stri~o lures method8 of control. Rhodesia Agricultural Journal 26: 1103- 1113. Tlmcon, S. D. 1931. Witchweed. Progress report and warning. Rhodesia Agricultural Journal 28: 1101-1 1 1  1. V d w a  Rm. M. I. 1987. Techniques for screening sorghum for resistvlce to Striga. In: Musrelrmn, L.J. Parasitic Weeb in Agriculture Vol 1: Striga. CRC Prcss, Boa Ruon, Florida, USA. pp 281-3M V m n . ,  R. 1983. Fidd guide to important arable weeds of Zambia. Mount Makulu Central Resurch Sution, Qianga, Zambia. Balding and Mansell Ltd., London, England; 6869. V i ,  I. H. and P. I. Botha. 1974. Chromatographic investigations of the Slriga seed gmplnsm stimulnnt. Wuuephyaiology 72352 

Striga Research In Sorghum And Millets In Southern Africa: Status And Host Plant Resistance

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