Introduction:
Though television is still the primary form of media for children, almost one-third of TV programming is accessed through smart phones, tablets, and computers (Strasburger et al., 2013).
•Families do not adhere to AAP’s guidelines (Brown, 2011)
•Research suggests detrimental effect on young children
OT’s are an integral resource to help families design healthy recreational “screen time diets.

Jamieson, OTS, Sarah

Muhlenhaupt, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA, Mary

Name not available

Screen Time Overtime: Should a “Screen Time Diet” be Part of Healthy Everyday Activities and Routines for Families and Their Young Children?

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Thomas Jefferson UniversityJefferson Digital CommonsDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Presentations Department of Occupational Therapy10-31-2014Screen Time Overtime: Should a “Screen TimeDiet” be Part of Healthy Everyday Activities andRoutines for Families and Their Young Children?Sarah Jamieson, OTSThomas Jefferson University, Department of Occupational Therapy, sarah.jamieson@jefferson.eduMary Muhlenhaupt, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTAThomas Jefferson University, mary.muhlenhaupt@jefferson.eduLet us know how access to this document benefits youFollow this and additional works at: http://jdc.jefferson.edu/otpresentationsPart of the Occupational Therapy CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jefferson Digital Commons. The Jefferson Digital Commons is a service of ThomasJefferson University's Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). The Commons is a showcase for Jefferson books and journals, peer-reviewed scholarlypublications, unique historical collections from the University archives, and teaching tools. The Jefferson Digital Commons allows researchers andinterested readers anywhere in the world to learn about and keep up to date with Jefferson scholarship. This article has been accepted for inclusion inDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Presentations by an authorized administrator of the Jefferson Digital Commons. For more information, pleasecontact: JeffersonDigitalCommons@jefferson.edu.Recommended CitationJamieson, OTS, Sarah and Muhlenhaupt, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA, Mary, "Screen Time Overtime:Should a “Screen Time Diet” be Part of Healthy Everyday Activities and Routines for Families andTheir Young Children?" (2014). Department of Occupational Therapy, Presentations. Paper 19.http://jdc.jefferson.edu/otpresentations/19Introduction Though television is still the primary form of media for children, almost one-third of TV programming is accessed through smart phones, tablets, and computers (Strasburger et al., 2013).  • Families do not adhere                             to AAP’s guidelines                               (Brown, 2011)  • Research suggests                        detrimental effect on                           young children OT’s are an integral resource to help families design healthy recreational “screen time diets.” Trends in Media  Use • Children < 2 years old watch 1-2 hours of television/day (Brown, 2011)   • Over 50% of 6-month infants exposed to at least an hour of media per day, (Tomopoulos     et al., 2010)   • 28% increase in    mobile device    (smart phone, iPad,    tablet) use from    2011 to 2013    (Common Sense    Media, 2013)  • Parent’s negative concerns only related to TV consumption (Cingel & Krcmar, 2013) • 55% of parents “not too” or “not at all” concerned about media (Wartella et al.,       2013)   Impact on Development  Language  • Media exposure at age 6 months  “lower” language development at 14 months (Tomopoulos et al., 2010) • Each hr/day of baby DVD’s/videos in infants 8-16 months old  negative correlation to vocabulary acquisition (Zimmerman, Christakis & Meltzoff, 2007) Cognition • “Video deficit”: children < 2.5 have trouble processing screen information; live person, two-way exchange preferred (Kirkorian & Pempek, 2013) • Longer daily media exposure  lower cognitive development (Tomopoulos et al., 2010) Attention • Hours of daily television viewing at ages 1 and 3  attentional problems at age 7 (Chrstiakis et al., 2004) • Content of TV material related to later attentional difficulties in 3 year-olds (Zimmerman & Christakis, 2007) Active Play • Background TV  decreased attention to active play in 12, 24, and 36 mo. olds (Schmidt et al., 2008)    “Screen Time Diet” Recommendations • Adhere to AAP guidelines for children < 2 • For children > 2:  • Joint engagement  • Establish appropriate contexts and routines for screen media use • Eliminate background media • Encourage pretend and unstructured, active play • NASPE Active Play Guidelines: toddlers and preschoolers at least 60 minutes/day; should not be sedentary > 60 minutes at a time    References Brown, A. (2011). Media use by                                    children younger than 2 years.                           Pediatrics, 128(5), 1040-1045. Strasburger, V. C., et al. (2013).                            Children, adolescents, and the                                 media. Pediatrics, 132(5), 958-961. C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital                                  National Poll of Children’s Health:                                                  Screening out screen time: Parents limit media use for young children (2014).                                                                                         See attachment for complete reference list October 31, 2014  Screen Time Overtime: Should a “Screen Time Diet” be Part of Healthy Everyday Activities and Routines for Families and Their Young Children? Sarah Jamieson, OTS & Mary Muhlenhaupt, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Occupational Therapy • Over 50% of parents limit screen time location, not duration (C.S. Mott’s Children’s Hospital, 2014) • Every hour of television  9% less time spent in play for a child < 2 (Brown, 2011) Family Connectedness • Children who watch television without parents  less time with parents and siblings in other activities (Vandewater, Bickham & Lee, 2006) • Lower-quality mother-child play with electronic versus non-electronic toys (Wooldridge & Shapka, 2012)  10 38 0510152025303540Percent 2011  2013               Year   Percentage of Children Under 2 Using Mobile Device Media American Academy of Pediatrics: • No media for children under 2 • <1-2 hrs/day for children over 2  Screen Time Overtime: Should a “Screen Time Diet” be Part of Healthy Everyday Activities and Routines for Families and Their Young Children?  Sarah Jamieson OTS & Mary Muhlenhaupt, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Occupational Therapy  Poster Presentation: Pennsylvania Occupational Therapy Association 37th Annual Conference October 31, 2014 King of Prussia, PA     References  Brown, A. (2011). Media use by children younger than 2 years. Pediatrics, 128(5), 1040- 1045.  Christakis, D. A., Zimmerman, F. J., DiGiuseppe, D. L., & McCarty, C. A. (2004). Early  television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics,  113(4), 708-713.  Cingel, D. P., & Krcmar, M. (2013). Predicting media use in very young children: The  role of demographics and parent attitudes. Communication Studies, 64(4), 374- 394.  C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll of Children’s Health: Screening out screentime: Parents limit media use for young children (2014). Retrieved from http://mottnpch.org/reports-surveys/screening-out-screen-time-parents-limit-media-use-young-children      Common Sense Media & Rideout, V. (2013). Zero to eight: Children's media use in America. Common Sense Media. Retrieved from https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/zero-to-eight-childrens-media-use-in-america-2013     Kirkorian, H. L., & Pempek, T. A. (2013). Toddlers and Touch Screens. The Journal of Zero To Three, 33(4), 32-37.  National Association for Sport and Physical Education (2011). Active start: a statement of physical activity guidelines for children from birth to age 5. Retrieved from http://www.shapeamerica.org/standards/guidelines/activestart.cfm          Screen Time Overtime: Should a “Screen Time Diet” be Part of Healthy Everyday Activities and Routines for Families and Their Young Children?  Sarah Jamieson OTS & Mary Muhlenhaupt, OTD, OTR/L, FAOTA Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Occupational Therapy  References Page 2     Schmidt, M. E., Pempek, T. A., Kirkorian, H. L., Lund, A. F., & Anderson, D. R. (2008).   The effects of background television on the toy play behavior of very young   children. Child Development, 79(4), 1137-1151.  Strasburger, V. C., et al. (2013). Children, adolescents, and the media. Pediatrics, 132(5),  958-961  Tomopoulos, S., Dreyer, B. P., Berkule, S., Fierman, A. H., Brockmeyer, C., &    Mendelsohn, A. L. (2010). Infant media exposure and toddler development.   Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(12), 1105-1111.  Vandewater, E. A., Bickham, D. S., & Lee, J. H. (2006). Time well spent? Relating  television use to children's free-time activities. Pediatrics, 117(2), e181-e191. Wartella, E., Rideout, V., Lauricella, A., & Connell, S. (2013). Parenting in the age of digital technology: A national survey. Center on Media and Human Development, School of Communication, Northwestern University. Retrieved from http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2013/06/study-finds-parents,-not-young-kids,-drive-childrens-media-use.html Wooldridge, M. B., & Shapka, J. (2012). Playing with technology: Mother–toddler   interaction scores lower during play with electronic toys. Journal of Applied   Developmental Psychology, 33(5), 211-218.  Zimmerman, F. J., & Christakis, D. A. (2007). Associations between content types of  early media exposure and subsequent attentional problems. Pediatrics, 120(5),  986-992.  Zimmerman, F. J., Christakis, D. A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2007). Associations between   media viewing and language development in children under age 2 years. The  Journal of Pediatrics, 151(4), 364-368. 

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Screen Time Overtime: Should a “Screen Time Diet” be Part of Healthy Everyday Activities and Routines for Families and Their Young Children?

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