Abdou, Ahmed M.

Hammad, Seddik

Omar, Mosaab A.

Eldorado - Repository of the TU Dortmund

EXCLI Journal 2014;13:1196-1197 – ISSN 1611-2156 Received: October 28, 2014, accepted: October 29, 2014, published: November 03, 2014   1196 Guest editorial: GEBEL-CRITERIA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT IN NANOTOXICOLOGY  Seddik Hammad1*, Ahmed M. Abdou1, Mosaab A. Omar2  1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary  Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena/Egypt 2 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena/Egypt  * Corresponding author: Seddik Hammad. E-mail: seddik.hammad@vet.svu.edu.eg    Risk assessment of nanomaterials repre-sents one of the cutting-edge topics in toxi-cology (Zhao et al., 2014; Lucafo et al., 2013; Fadeel et al., 2013; Kroll et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2012; Hadrup et al., 2012; Lange and Obendorf, 2012; Xu et al., 2013). Nu-merous nanomaterial containing consumer products have already been introduced on the market, including textiles, sunscreens, paints, car tyres and electronics (Bolt et al., 2012; Kumar and Dhawan, 2013; Schluesener and Schluesener, 2013; Marchan, 2012). The number of manuscripts published in this field is high, with more 500 publications focusing on nanosafety-associated topics per year (Bolt et al., 2012; Schäfer et al., 2013; Horie et al., 2013; Klein et al., 2012; Hoelting et al., 2013; Silva et al., 2014). It has become clear that a detailed physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials is required for risk evaluation (Park et al., 2013; Xiong et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2013; Couto et al., 2014). Among the current challenges are the methodological requirements in exposure monitoring (Babič et al., 2014; Lainé et al., 2014; Su et al., 2014; Bruchet et al., 2013). Because of the enormous variability and the rapid development of novel materials it has become difficult for regulators to keep pace and maintain overview. In this complex situ-ation the Advisory Board of the German So-ciety of Toxicology introduced the Gebel-criteria, a novel concept of risk assessment in nanotoxicology (Gebel et al., 2014). Accord-ing to this concept, a first step in evaluating novel nanomaterials should be to check whether they belong to one of the three fol-lowing categories: Category 1: Nanoparticles for which toxicity is mediated by the specific chemical properties of its components, such as relaxed ions. Nanomaterials belonging to this category must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Category 2 are rigid biopersistent respirable fibrous nanomaterials. They may cause lung cancer and mesotheliomas, if they show a high aspect ratio. In this case they will act similarly as carcinogenic asbestos fibres. Category 3 are respirable granular biodurable particles. After inhalation they may cause inflammation and finally lung cancer. It should be considered that nano-materials of categories 2 and 3 are of rele-vance only after inhalation (Gebel et al., 2014). Considering the complex situation in current nanotoxicology the introduction of the three ‘Gebel-criteria’ will facilitate risk assessment in future.  REFERENCES Babič M, Schmiedtová M, Poledne R, Herynek V, Horák D. In vivo monitoring of rat macrophages la-beled with poly(l-lysine)-iron oxide nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2014 Oct 6. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.33292. [Epub ahead of print] Bolt HM, Marchan R, Hengstler JG. Nanotoxicology and oxidative stress control: cutting-edge topics in toxicology. Arch Toxicol. 2012;86:1629-35. EXCLI Journal 2014;13:1196-1197 – ISSN 1611-2156 Received: October 28, 2014, accepted: October 29, 2014, published: November 03, 2014   1197 Bruchet A, Charles P, Janex Habibi ML, Glucina K. Monitoring and treatment of selected nanoparticles. 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Gebel-criteria for risk assessment in nanotoxicology

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Gebel-criteria for risk assessment in nanotoxicology

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