Data are most often represented [1] in tabular form, where each row represents a few records that are described and each column represents some properties of these items. Cells in a table have particular values for these properties. This article shows a sample of data about a school, completed during the school-leaving examination, 2017. We analyze several different strategies on how these data can be distributed on the web. In all these strategies, some data will be represented on a computer while other parts will be represented on another computer.school leaving-examination, data distribution of Web, strategies for the distribution of data on Web, distributed data, RDF solution, semantic web

Luminiţa Pătraşcu

English

Research Papers in Economics

DISTRIBUTION OF DATA ON THE WEB 
 
Luminiţa Pătraşcu
1 
 
Abstract 
 
Data are most often represented [1] in tabular form, where each row represents a few 
records that are described and each column represents some properties of these items. 
Cells in a table have particular values for these properties. This article shows a sample of 
data about a school, completed during the school-leaving  examination, 2017. We analyze 
several different strategies on how these data can be distributed on the web. In all these 
strategies, some data will be represented on a computer while other parts will be 
represented on another computer. 
 
Keywords:  school leaving-examination, data distribution of Web, strategies for the 
distribution of data on Web, distributed data, RDF solution, semantic web 
 
The distribution on Web for data reffers to School-leaving examination 2017  
 
Figure 8-1 illustrates a strategy for disseminating information on several computers. Each 
computer on the network is responsible for maintaining information on the completion of 
one or more rows in the table. Any query about a particular entity can be honored by the 
computer that is stored row. A computer is responsible for the information about the 
school to support students written exam E-school leaving exam and graduation year. 
 
This distribution solution offers considerable flexibility, since the computer can share the 
load of representative information about a few specific situations [1]. But because this is a 
distributed representation of data, a few operations coordination between servers are 
neccesary. In particular, each server must share information about the columns.Does 
match second column information from a server with the second column from another 
server? This is not an insurmontable problem and in fact is the fundamental problem of 
distributed data. There must be some coordination arrangements between servers. In this 
example, the server must be able to indicate - in a global-property corresponds to which 
column. 
Table 8-1  
School-leaving examination 2017,  E written test, maternal  language and 
literature, E writtnen test 
 
Tabel 8-1 
Tabular data on students in a district that will support the school-leaving exam 2017, E written 
test 
 
ID  Name student  E written test -subjects  Oral test result     
 -A/B 
High school 
graduation year 
1.  Popescu Robert  The Romanian language  Level advanced  2017 
2.  Ionescu Amalia  The Romanian language  Level average  2017 
                                                             
1 Ph.D candidate, Polytechnics University, Bucharest, Romania, patrasculum@yahoo.com  
 
3.  Poenaru Ciprian  The Romanian language  Level experienced  2017 
4.  Dincă Otilia  The Romanian language  Level advanced  2017 
5.  Schmitdt Ian  German  Level advanced  2017 
6.  Toces Istvan  Hungarian  Level experienced  2017 
7.  Ilie Damian  The Romanian language  Level experienced  2017 
8.  Ivan Ludmila  Russian Language  Level advanced  2017 
 
 
 
 
Figure 8-1 Distribution of Web data,  row by row- adapted from Dean Allemang and Jim 
Hendler,  [1] 2008 
  
1.  Popescu Robert  The Romanian language  Level advanced  2017 
                                                                                             
                                                                                                                 
 
4.  Dincă Otilia  The Romanian language  Level advanced  2017 
6.  Toces Istvan  Hungarian  Level experienced  2017 
     
7.  Ilie Damian  The Romanian language  Level experienced  2017 
3.  Poenaru Ciprian  The Romanian language  Level experienced  2017 
Figure 8-2 illustrates another strategy in which each server is responsible for one or 
more columns of the original table. In this example, one is responsible for the high school 
graduation year and the result of Oral test result    -A/B and another on behalf of students. 
This solution is flexible in a way different from the solution in Figure 8-1. The solution in 
Figure 8-2 allows each machine to be responsible for a certain type of information. 
Figure 8-2  
Distribution of data on Web columns by columns adapted from  Dean Allemang and Jim 
Hendler,  [1], 2008 
        
 
 
     
       
         
                                           
 
 
     
       
    
                                           
 
 
 
 
 
 
If  we are  not interested in high school graduation year for each student need not take into 
account information on that server. If you want to specify something new about the 
students (student absent or present) can add a new server with information not to disturb 
the others. 
 
This solution is similar to the solution in Figure 8-1 in which it asks some coordination 
between the servers. In this case, coordination should relate to the identity of entities that 
must be described. How do I know if a server line 3 refers to the same entity row 3 of 
another server? This solution requires a global identifier describing entities. 
 
The strategy outlined in Figure 8-3 is a combination of the two previous strategies, the 
information is not distributed any rows or columns instead is distributed cell by cell. Each 
computer is responsible for a number of cells in the table. This system combines the 
flexibility of the two previous strategies. Two servers can share a single entity description 
(in the figure, high school graduation year and name of the student are stored separately) 
and they can share the use of private property (in Figure 8-3. The oral test results for ID 6 
High school graduation year  Oral test result -A/B 
2017  Level advanced 
2017  Level average 
2017  Level experienced 
2017  Level advanced 
2017  Level advanced 
2017  Level experienced 
2017  Level experienced 
2017  Level advanced 
E written test -subjects  Name student 
The Romanian language  Popescu Robert 
The Romanian language  Ionescu Amalia 
The Romanian language  Poenaru Ciprian 
The Romanian language  Dincă Otilia 
German  Schmitdt Ian  
 
and 7 are represented on different servers). Flexibility is required if we want our system to 
support distributed data truly AAA slogan. 
 
Figure 8 -3 
web data distribution, cell by cell -adapted from Dean Allemang and Jim Hendler,[1], 
2008                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
                 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Applying AAA slogan, every server needs to be able to make statements of any entity (as 
the case Figure 8-2) but any server also needs to be able to specify any property of the 
entity (as in the case Figure 8-1). The solution shown in Figure 8-3 has the advantages of 
both solutions. 
 
The solution – distribution of data using RDF [1]. 
 
But this solution also combines the two strategies and costs. Not only that now we need a 
global reference for the column header but we need a global reference  lines. In fact, each 
cell must be represented by three values: a global reference line, a reference column and 
value in the global cell itself. 
  Oral test result -A/B 
ID 7  Level experienced 
  Name student 
ID  2  Ionescu Amalia 
  E written test -subjects 
ID 4  The Romanian language 
  High school 
graduation year 
ID 2  2017 
  Oral test result -A/B 
ID 6  Level experienced  
This third strategy is called RDF 
 
Because a cell is represented by three values, the basic building blocks are called RDF 
triple. ID for all calls are subject to triple. ID column is called the predicate of the triple 
(given that those entities properties specific columns by rows). Cell value is called the 
triple object. Table 8-2 presents triple in Figure 8-3 as a subject, predicate and object. 
 
Triples become more interesting when more than one triple reffers the same entity that 
relates in Table 8-3. When more than one triple means the same thing, sometimes it is 
convenient to look at triple the direct graph where each triple is an edge of the object or 
subject, the predicate that the level of the edge. 
 
Tabel 8-2  Triple samples. 
Tabel 8-2  Triple samples. 
 
Subject  Predicate [2]  Object [2] 
ID 7  Oral test result -A/B  Level experienced 
ID2  Name student  Ionescu Amalia 
ID2  High school graduation year  2017 
ID 4  E written test -subjects  The Romanian language 
ID 6  Oral test result -A/B  Level experienced 
  
 
Tabel 8-3  Triple samples. 
Tabel 8-3 Triple samples. 
Subject  Predicate  [2]  Object [2] 
Ionescu Amalia  High school graduation year  2017 
Ionescu Amalia  Oral test result -A/B  Level average 
Tokes Istvan  E written test -subjects  Hungarian 
Tokes Istvan  Oral test result -A/B  Level experienced 
Poenaru Ciprian  E written test -subjects  The Romanian language 
Poenaru Ciprian  High school graduation year  2017 
The Romanian 
language 
E written test -subjects  Ionescu Amalia 
German  E written test -subjects  Schmidt Ian 
Conclusions 
 
We described RDF as [9]”a way of distributing data across several sources”. But when we 
want to use the data we need to combine these sources again. A triple representation of 
value is the ease with which this type of joint can be achieved. Since the information is 
represented as a simple triple combined information from two graphs is as simple as all 
triple graph formation of each individual graph, taken together. Therefore, representation 
of the data distributed on the Web in RDF is an optimal solution for collecting data to 
analyze Baccalaureate and provide feedback to the schools. 
 
Bibliography   
 
[1]Dean Allemang and Jim Hendler- Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Effective 
Modeling in RDFS and OWL, Morgan Kaufmann Publication,2008 
[2] Legea nr. 1/5 ian 2011 a educaţiei naţionale 
 [3]The article “Intro to structOntology”(http://www.mkbergman.com/959/intro-to-
structontology/ 
[4]Thomas R. Gruber –   „A  Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications”, 
Knowledge Acquisition, 5(2): 199-220, 1993, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, computer 
science departament, Standford University, Stanford, California. 
[5]Matthew. Horridge   -  A practical guide to bulding OWL ontologies using Protégé 4 
and]\O-ODE Tools, edition 3.1, The University of Manchester, March 2011 
[6 ]Ioan Andone – Ontologiile şi modelarea informaţională a întreprinderii – Analele 
Ştiinţifice al Universităţii „Ioan Cuza”, Iaşi, 2005-2006 
[7]Natalya Noy and Deborah L. McGuines –„ Ontology development 101- a guide to 
creating your first ontology”, Stanford University, Standford,2001 
[8]Carola Eschenbach and Michael Gruninger  -  „Formal Ontology in Information 
Systems”, Proceeding of Fifth Conference, FOIS, IOS Press,  2008. 
[9]Gregoris Antoniou  and Frank van Harmelen, - A Semantic Web Primer, second 
edition, The Mit Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England, 2008                                

1/5 ian 2011 a educaţiei naţionale

A Semantic Web Primer, second edition,

Gruber – „A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications”,

Horridge - A practical guide to bulding OWL ontologies using Protégé 4 and]\O-ODE Tools, edition 3.1, The University of Manchester,

Ioan Andone – Ontologiile şi modelarea informaţională a întreprinderii – Analele Ştiinţifice al Universităţii „Ioan Cuza”,

McGuines –„ Ontology development 101- a guide to creating your first ontology”,

Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Effective Modeling

The article “Intro

DISTRIBUTION OF DATA ON THE WEB

http://www.rebe.rau.ro/RePEc/rau/jisomg/WI11/JISOM-WI11-A19.pdf

DISTRIBUTION OF DATA ON THE WEB

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