Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation is more prevalent with increasing age. It is associated with a six-fold excess risk of stroke; and a cumulative lifetime stroke risk of 35%. 15% of ischaemic strokes are directly attributable to it. Five trials have established the safety of warfarin in reducing the risk by 70% in well selected patients, with stringent monitoring. Thromboembolism, cardiac failure, hypertension and echocardiographic abnormalities identify higher risk patients. The management of NVAF is changing from rate control, to cardioversion and anticoagulation (or use of antithrombotics) to reduce the embolic risk.peer-reviewe
