Advanced restorative dentistry may necessitate the need for surgical intervention to the infected root apex. Once access to the root end is achieved, the root apex is resected and filled with a dental restorative material. The materials currently in use are not satisfactory due to inadequate biocompatibility and failure to achieve desirable properties in an aqueous environment. With the introduction of a new material, essentially Portland cement used in the building industry, these desirable properties have been achieved. This paper reviews the methods of testing biocompatibility of Portland cement used in dentistry.peer-reviewe
