In 1988, the Magna Charta Universitatum was signed at a meeting of European University rectors on the occasion of the 900th Anniversary of the University of Bologna to mark their commitment to harmonising the European Higher Education sector. Subsequently in 1999, Ministers of Education from 29 countries were co-signatories to the Bologna declaration. Since that time, the Bologna process has developed from a declaration of commitment to improving education to a process dedicated to standardising education, ensuring quality whilst maintaining the appropriate level of flexibility.peer-reviewe
