Dvorak, Libor

Horsak, Michal

Jurickova, Lucie

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Greenhouse gastropods of the Czech Republic:current stage of researchM. Horsák, L. Dvořák & L. JuřičkováAbstract: All published and known unpublished data concerning the occurrence of gastropods in theCzech greenhouses are presented. The species were divided into three categories: exclusively greenhousespecies, non-native species penetrating into open landscape, and native species occurring in greenhouses.Key words: gastropods, greenhouse fauna, non-native species, check-listIntroductionSince the recent check-list of molluscs of the Czech Republic (Juřičková, L. et al. 2001)contains only wildlife species, there is a need to compose an actual list of species whoseoccurrence is restricted to greenhouses. The main purpose of this work is to supplement thatcheck-list. Therefore this paper is especially focused on gastropods that occur exclusively ingreenhouses. The species that were introduced into the nature through greenhouses andthese from natural fauna that regularly live in greenhouses, are added only to give a truepicture of complete malacofauna of Czech greenhouses.There is a long-term tradition of mollusc research of European greenhouses; Eichler W.(1952) published the first synthesis and the last one was made by Kerney, M.P. et al. (1983).Also in the Czech Republic mollusc fauna was not overlooked. I. Flasar was the first personwho regularly studied Gastropods in the Czech greenhouses. In the first paper (Flasarová,M. & Flasar, I. 1962), he did not report any typical greenhouse species from Teplice (NBohemia). In 1962, Boettgerilla pallens was published as a new species for the CzechRepublic (Flasar, I. 1962). After these papers, he continued with the research of greenhousesin North Bohemia. This time he found typical greenhouse species: Lehmannia valentiana(Flasar I., 1964), Pseudosuccinea columella, and Zonitoides arboreus (Flasarová, M. &Flasar, I. 1965).S. Mácha and O. Ditrich studied greenhouses in Moravia in the 1970s. Mácha, S. (1971)reported the first records of Melanoides tuberculatus, Planorbella duryi/anceps (originallyas Helisoma trivolvis), and Opeas pumilum. Ditrich, O. (1974) published for the first timeFerrisia clessiniana (orig. as Ferrisia parallela) and Pomacea bridgesii (orig. asAmpullaria australis). Other greenhouse species were recorded in last 25–30 years: Lucillasingleyana (as Helicodiscus inermis) (Flasar, I. 1977, 1978), Hawaiia minuscula (Mácha, S.1988), Lamellaxis clavulinus (Horsák, M. 2001), and Deroceras panormitanum (Horsák, M.& Dvořák, L. 2003).141M A L A K O L Ó G I A I  T Á J É K O Z T A T ÓMALACOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER2004 22: 141–147 Localities under studyRecords of individual species are based on the extensive literary sources and on the newmaterial collected by the authors. Some localities in Brno probably correspond withlocalities studied by Ditrich, O. (1974).1 – Babor, J.F. & Novák, J. (1909). 2 – Flasarová, M. & Flasar, I. (1962). 3 – Flasar, I.(1964). 4 – Flasarová, M. & Flasar, I. (1965). 5 – Mácha, S. (1971). 6 – Ditrich, O. (1974).7 – Mácha, S. (1988). 8 – Horsák, M. (2001). 9 – Brno, greenhouses of Masaryk University,2 Kotlářská street, 2000, Horsák lgt., 7 March 2001 and 14 November 2001, Horsák etDvořák lgt. 10 – Brno, greenhouses of arboretum of Mendel Forestry University, 15November 2001 and 11 February 2004, Horsák et Dvořák lgt. 11 – Brno, greenhouses of“Nature Station Kamenáčky”, Kamenáčky 4A, 16 November 2001, Dvořák lgt. 12 – Sušice,greenhouses of Gardening “Studio Garden”, 23 April 2001 and 10 July 2002, Dvořák lgt. 13– Brno, greenhouses in park of Lužánky, 11 February 2004, Horsák et Dvořák lgt. 14 – Brno,greenhouse in pavilion F of Mendel Agriculture University, 11 February 2004, Horsák etDvořák lgt. 15 – Prague 2, tropical greenhouse of Botanic garden “Na Slupi”, 18 February2004, Juřičková lgt. 16 – Prague 2, sub-tropical greenhouse of Botanic garden “Na Slupi”,18 February 2004, Juřičková lgt.List of snail species encountered only in the greenhousesProsobranchiaPomacea bridgesii (Reeve, 1856) – 6.In older Czech literature it was called Ampullaria australis. This neotropical snail isfrequently for sale in aquarium shops. It can be introduced into greenhouses, but it has lowfitness if compared with the other aquatic snails.Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) – 5, 6, 15.This species lives in aquariums with sandy bottom. In the present, it is the cosmopolitanparthenogenetic species that tolerates moderate salinity (Brown, D.S. 1980). Inneighbouring countries it is also known from natural thermal water habitats [e.g., fromSlovakia (Varga, A. 1976) and from Austria (Stagl, V. 1993)].Pulmonata: BasommatophoraPseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1824) – 4, 5, 6, 9, 12.This snail lives in greenhouse aquariums and pools. Sometimes it can appear in nature(Mácha, S. 1971), where the specimens are sometimes flushed by effluent water from wastewater plants. The specimens are not able to survive in nature during the colder parts of theyear.Planorbella duryi (Wetherbey, 1879) / anceps (Menke, 1830) – 5, 6, 9, 11, 15.These North-American snails were called Helisoma trivolvis (Say, 1818) in former Czechliterature. This species is the most common snail of aquariums through the whole territory.142Unfortunately, we are not able to identify the material to the species level, but theoccurrence of both mentioned species is very probable. Obviously, there are someinconsistencies in the recent malacological literature. Glöer, P (2002) assesses P. duryi asa rare species and does not mention its occurrence in aquariums. On the contrary, heregards P. anceps as a common snail of European aquariums and expects its penetrationto the wild nature. On the other hand, Leiss, A. & Reischütz, P.L. (1996) published manyfindings of P. duryi from aquariums. That material was identified according to Burch, J.B.& Tottenham, J.L. (1980) (Reischütz, pers. comm.). When we perform identificationaccording to Glöer, P (2002) and Burch, J.B. & Tottenham, J.L. (1980) we can obtaindifferent results. A juvenile of P. anceps, figured by Glöer, P (2002), is conchologicalyvery close to P. duryi f. seminole after Burch, J.B. & Tottenham, J.L. (1980). Therefore,we conclude that more correct will be to label our material as P. duryi with respect toencountering some population of P. duryi f. seminole [sensu Burch, J.B. & Tottenham, J.L.(1980)]. The species was also introduced to Africa. In general, identification of non-nativespecies will be connected with some problems either due to their occurrence in differentconditions or because their population are fragmented. Further investigation on EuropeanPlanorbella population is badly needed.Pulmonata: StylommatophoraDiscus rotundatus f. pyramidalis Jeffreys – 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16.This species is the most common greenhouse snail. Mostly it reaches very rich abundance.Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816) – 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15.This is a common inhabitant of our greenhouses that occurs in large population densities.Sometimes it can be found in nature, but no survival of the winter period by specimensintroduced outdoors with greenhouse soil has been observed.Hawaiia minuscula (Binney, 1840) – 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15.A rare species, but it can reach rich abundance.Lehmannia valentiana (Férussac, 1823) – 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15.Almost a common species often occurs in abundant population. Therefore it can cause somedamages via feeding on plants.Opeas pumilum (L. Pfeiffer, 1840) – 5, 6, 9.Probably a rare species of our greenhouses and even when it occurs, it usually reaches lowabundance.Lamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez et Michaud, 1838) – 8, 9.So far, the species has been found only in greenhouses of botanic garden of MasarykUniversity in Brno. In this site it reaches rich abundance.1431449 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Melanoides tuberculata (O.F. Müller) xPhysella cf. acuta (Draparnaud) x x xGalba truncatula (O.F. Müller) x xPseudosuccinea columella (Say) x xBathyomphalus contortus (Linnaeus) xGyraulus parvus (Say) xPlanorbella duryi (Wetherbey) / anceps (Menke) x x xFerrissia clessiniana (Jickeli) xCarychium minimum O.F. Müller xCarychium tridentatum (Risso) x xCochlicopa lubrica (O.F. Müller) x xVallonia costata (O.F. Müller) x xVallonia pulchella (O.F. Müller) x x x x x xAlinda biplicata (Montagu) xLaciniaria plicata (Draparnaud) xLamellaxis clavulinus (Potiez et Michaud) xOpeas pumilum (L. Pfeiffer) xLucilla singleyana (Pilsbry) xHawaiia minuscula (Binney) x x x x xDiscus rotundatus f. pyramidalis Jeffreys x x x x x xZonitoides arboreus (Say) x x x x x xZonitoides nitidus (O.F. Müller) xEuconulus fulvus (O.F. Müller) xOxychilus draparnaudi (Beck) x x x x x x xTandonia budapestensis (Hazay) xLimax maximus Linnaeus xLehmannia valentiana (Férussac) x x x xDeroceras laeve (O.F. Müller) x x x x x x x xDeroceras panorminatum (Lessona et Pollonera) xDeroceras reticulatum (O.F. Müller) xBoettgerilla pallens Simroth xArion distinctus Mabille x x xArion lusitanicus (Mabille) x xTrichia hispida (Linnaeus) x x xArianta arbustorum (Linnaeus) xCepaea hortensis (O.F. Müller) x xHelix pomatia Linnaeus x xAppendix. List of unpublished records of gastropods from individual greenhouses.For numbers of localities see the chapter “Localities under study”.145Further species encountered in Czech greenhousesFollowing species can be divided into two groups. The first group includes non-nativespecies: Physella acuta, Gyraulus parvus, Ferrissia clessiniana, Lucilla singleyana,Oxychilus draparnaudi, Deroceras panormitanum, and Boettgerilla pallens. At leastsome of them originally appeared in greenhouses wherefrom they were introduced intonature. This way of spreading is well-documented in case of Physella acuta andOxychilus draparnaudi.The second group contains native species, but most of them prefer sites stronglyinfluenced by activities of man. Up to day, following species have been recorded: Galbatruncatula, Stagnicola palustris s.lat., Radix auricularia, R. ovata, Lymnaea stagnalis,Physa fontinalis, Bathyomphalus contortus, Gyraulus albus, G. crista, Planorbariuscorneus, Carychium minimum, C. tridentatum, Cochlicopa lubrica, Vallonia pulchella, V.costata, Cochlodina laminata, Alinda biplicata, Laciniaria plicata, Zonitoides nitidus,Euconulus fulvus, Oxychilus cellarius, Tandonia budapestensis, Limax cinereoniger, L.maximus, Deroceras laeve, D. reticulatum, Arion lusitanicus, A. distinctus, A. subfuscus,Euomphalia strigella, Trichia hispida, Monachoides incarnatus, Arianta arbustorum,Cepaea hortensis, and Helix pomatia.The most frequent taxa of Czech greenhousesThe most frequent aquatic species of greenhouses is Physella cf. acuta, after that followPseudosuccinea columella, Planorbella spp., and Galba truncatula. Among terrestrialsnails, Oxychilus draparnaudi and Discus rotundatus f. pyramidalis are the mostfrequent. Other species with higher frequency are Vallonia costata, V. pulchella, Ariondistinctus, Zonitoides arboreus, Lehmannia valentiana, Deroceras leave, and D.reticulatum.As the above-mentioned results show, strictly greenhouse snails as well as native snailspecies are among the most frequent taxa.ConclusionsSo far, 10 gastropod species with exclusive greenhouse occurrence have been recordedfrom the Czech Republic. Four of them are aquatic and six are terrestrial. The mostfrequent and abundant of aquatic snails are Planorbella spp. and Pseudosuccineacolumella. Among terrestrial snails, Discus rotundatus f. pyramidalis, Zonitoidesarboreus, and Lehmannia valentiana are the most frequent. In general, the firstmentioned snail is also the most abundant.There are 7 snail species that probably originally appeared in greenhouses wherefromthey have been introduced into the nature. According to known data, altogether 35 nativespecies have been found in greenhouses.ReferencesBabor, J.F. & Novák, J. (1909): Verzeichnis der posttertiären Fauna der bömischenWeichtiere. – Nachrichtsbl. Deut. Malak. Ges., 41 (2): 1–22.Brown, D.S. (1980): Freshwater snails of Africa and their medicinal importance. – Taylor &Francis Ltd., London, 433 pp.Burch, J.B. & Tottenham, J.L. (1980): North American freshwater snails. IV. Species list,ranges and illustrations. – Walkerana, 1: 1–215. Ditrich, O. (1974): Malakofauna brněnských skleníků [Mollusc fauna of greenhouses in Brno].– Práce botanického a zoologického klubu přírodovědného v Brně, 1974: 13–19.Eichler, W. (1952): Die Tierewelt der Gewächshäuser. – Academische Verlagsgesellschaft,Gees & Portig. Leipzig, pp. 68-74.Flasar, I. (1962): Boettgerilla vermiformis Wiktor 1959 v Čechách (Doplňky k fauněskleníků v Teplicích Lázních v Čechách) [Boettgerilla vermiformis Wiktor 1959 inBohemia (Additions to the fauna of greenhouses in Teplice in Bohemia)]. – Zoologickélisty, 11 (1): 93–94.Flasar, I. (1964): Limax (Lehmannia) valentianus Férussac v Československu (Gastropoda,Pulmonata) [Limax (Lehmannia) valentianus Férussac in Czechoslovakia (Gastropoda,Pulmonata)]. – Čas. Nár. Muz., odd. přír., 133: 42–45.Flasar, I. (1977): Helicodiscus (Hebetodiscus) singleyanus inermis H.B. Baker, 1929, in derTschechoslowakei (Gastropoda, Endodontidae, Helicodiscinae). – MalakologischeAbhandlungen, Staatliche Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden, Band 5, 17: 238–242.Flasar, I. (1978): Nový druh měkkýše v našich sklenících [New snail species in ourgreenhouses]. – Živa, 5/1978: 182.Flasarová, M. & Flasar, I. (1962): Isopoda a Gastropoda skleníků v Teplicích Lázních vČechách [Isopoda and Gastropoda of greenhouses in Teplice in Bohemia]. –Zoologické listy, 11 (1): 71–76.Flasarová, M. & Flasar, I. (1965): Isopoda a Gastropoda skleníků v severočeském kraji[Isopoda and Gastropoda of greenhouses in region of North Bohemia]. – Zoologickélisty, 14 (3): 251–260.Glöer, P. (2002): Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. – ConchBooks,Hackenheim, 327 pp.Horsák, M. (2001): Měkkýši v našich sklenících [Molluscs in our greenhouses]. – Živa, 49,3/2001: 123–124.Horsák, M. & Dvořák, L. (2003): First records of the introduced slug Deroceraspanormitanum (Lessona et Pollonera, 1882) from the Czech Republic (Mollusca:Gastropoda: Agriolimacidae). – Folia Malacologica, 11: 57–58.Juřičková, L., Horsák, M. & Beran, L. (2001): Check-list of the molluscs (Mollusca) of theCzech Republic. – Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 65: 25–40.Kerney, M.P., Cameron, R.A.D. & Jungbluth, J.H. (1983): Die Landschnecken Nord- undMitteleuropas. – Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin, 384 pp.Leiss, A. & Reischütz, P.L. (1996): Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Molluskenfauna derGewächshäuser in Wien und Niederösterreich. – Wiss. Mitt. Niederösterr.Landesmuseum, 9: 173–184.146147Mácha, S. (1971): Kulturní vlivy na faunu měkkýšů [Cultural impacts on mollusc fauna]. –Čas. Slez. Muzea Opava, ser. A, 20: 121–134.Mácha, S. (1988): Další nový druh měkkýše v našich sklenících – Hawaia minuscula(Binney, 1840) sic! [Other new mollusc species in our greenhouses – Hawaiaminuscula (Binney, 1840)]. – Čas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A), 37: 63–64.Stagl, V. (1993): Die Bruttasche von Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda:Thiaridae). – Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B, 94/95: 187–192.Varga, A. (1976): Melanoides tuberculata (Müll.) in Piešťany, Tschechoslowakei. –Soosiana, 4: 15–16.HORSÁK, MichalMasaryk University, Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Zoology and Ecology, Kotlářská 2CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republice-mail: horsak@sci.muni.czDVOŘÁK, LiborŠumava National Park Administration, Sušická 399CZ-34192 Kašperské Hory, Czech Republice-mail: libor.dvorak@npsumava.czJUŘIČKOVÁ, LucieDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science,Charles University, Viničná 7CZ-12844, Praha 2, Czech Republice-mail: lucie.jurickova@seznam.cz

Greenhouse gastropods of the Czech Republic: current stage of research

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Greenhouse gastropods of the Czech Republic: current stage of research

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