To develop and realize a geocentric based Cadastral Control Data Base.To establish methodology for the Development of National Digital Cadastral Data Base.To develop techniques for integrating the digital Cadastral Data with Mapping Data.To address the Institutional Issues on the Implementation of CCS

A. Kadir, Abd. Majid

Omar, Abdullah Hisam

English

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository

1KURSUS COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM (CCS)INSTITUT TANAH & UKUR NEGARABEHRANG, PERAK10-12 JUN 2002PILOT PROJECT COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEMOLEH:PROF DR ABD MAJID BIN A KADIR & ABDULLAH HISAM OMARFakulti Kejuruteraan & Sains GeoinformasiUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudai , Johor.Email: majid@fksg.utm.myThe main objective of this study is:Development of Implementation Plan of CCS for Malaysia: Research ObjectivesCont…ti.     To develop and realize a geocentric based Cadastral Control  Data Baseii.    To establish methodology for the Development of National Digital Cadastral Data Baseiii.   To develop techniques for integrating the digital Cadastral Data with Mapping Dataiv.   To address the Institutional Issues on the Implementation of CCS.2DEFICIENCIES IN THE PRESENT CADASTRAL SYSTEMGeneral – problems associated with cadastral survey system: General Deficiencies in the Cadastral Survey System “Whole to the Part” concept not utilized. Survey errors – not properly distributed and adjusted.  Use of running traverses. Some earlier surveys – uncoordinated. Use of natural feature boundaries. Difficulties in Using Different Projection Systems Problems of data integration. Complications when survey crosses from one State to another.Cont… Incompatibility with Current Technologies Systems provided by new technologies – increasingly coordinate based  Cadastral survey system based on parcel dimensions and relative locations. Therefore, not in a position to take advantage of new technologies. Inadequacy of the DCDB Cadastral parcels – one of the core data sets for Malaysian LIS/GIS. DCDB – the most sought after information source. Unfortunately, has flaws propagated through deficiencies of the cadastral survey system. Obsolete Rules and Regulations Increasing number of provisions superseded by advances and changes in technology.3CONCEPT OF COORDINATED CADASTREAdapted from Williamson (1996)i) First Version of a coordinated cadastre is where the complete cadastral framework is based on coordinates determined by ground survey that is referred to a coordinate system. The said survey is used to define, describe, and re-define parcel boundaries, and its outcome shown graphically on a cadastral map, which in its digital form would form the Digital Cadastral Data Base (DCDB). The conduct of ground surveys and related processes usually result in an accurate cadastral map or DCDB and towards that fulfillment, requires sufficient density of control.ii) Second Version is largely similar with the above description, the only difference being that the coordinates as determined are given legal significance. In this case the coordinates take precedence over boundary marks in the redefinition of boundaries. Conceptual Module of A Cadastral Based Spatial Data Infrastructure4 The coordinate-based cadastral system simply means that coordinates are given greater emphasis. Bearings and distances are, therefore, only a means by which the final adjusted coordinates are derived. This concept allows: (i) the availability of abundance of survey control stations whose coordinates are given with respect to a geocentric datum; (ii) the adoption of a single coordinate projection system for the whole country; and (iii) the application of a rigorous network adjustment technique on survey accurate data so that a unique pair of coordinates and their respective accuracy information can be defined for every cadastral boundary marks.COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM (CCS) STATEMENT FOR MALAYSIA Coordinated Cadastral System (CCS) – a cadastral reform programme to improve the cadastral survey system. Implementation of CCS – feasible, according to results of feasibility study. Long term benefits to be accrued from CCS implementation: Utilizing “Whole to the Part” methodology. Facilitate use of rapid data acquisition, storage, processing & management techniques. Improvement of the cadastral survey system. Provides common reference system.  Facilitate data integration. CCS – basis for / underpins a good LIS. OthersTHE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY5CCS –UNDERPINS A GOOD LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM (LIS)Coordinate –based LIS  facilitate data integration process in GISEnvironment BEFORE INOVATION                               AFTER  IN0VATIONELIPSOID MODIFIED EVEREST ORIGIN  DI KERTAUELIPSOID WGS 84 ORIGIN  DI PUSAT BUMIIntegrasi data spatial secara global dapatdilaksanakan6projeksiBEFORE INOVATION AFTER INOVATIONUNJURAN CASSINI UNJURAN RSO9 titik rujukan yang berbeza bagi setiap negeri Origin yang sama bagi keseluruhan01010402090807030605BEFORE INOVATION                                    AFTER INOVATIONKetepatan dan kejituan yang lebih tinggi dengantaburan seliseh yang seragamKetepatan dan kejituan yang kurang, dengantaburan seliseh yang  tidak seragamGPSGPS7Tenaga kerja yang ramai Tidak perlu Tenaga kerja yang ramaiBEFORE INOVATION AFTER INOVATIONBEFORE INOVATION                            AFTER INOVATIONKoodinat terlaras dihasilkanKoodinat plotan tidak dilaras secarakeseluruhan8STUDY FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTATION OF CCSTECHNICALISSUESINSTITUTIONALISSUES Development of Geocentric BasedCadastral Control Data Base (CCDB) Development of National Digital Cadastral Data Base (NDCDB) Integration of National Digital Cadastral Data Base (NDCDB) & National Digital Topography Data Base (NDTDB) Organizational  Legal Economic SocialTECHNICAL ISSUESAUTOMATEDDATABASECONVERSIONSYSTEMCCDB NDTDBSDCDBMODULE ADevelopment of Geocentric-Based CCDBMODULE BDevelopment of NDCDBMODULE CCadastral &TopographicIntergrationSDCDB - State Digital Cadastral Data BaseNDCDB - National Digital Cadastral Data BaseCCDB   - Cadastral Control Data BaseNDTDB  - National Digital Topographic Data BaseNDCDBImplementation of CCS9MODULE A: Development of A Geocentric-Based  Cadastral Control DatabaseZero Order Geodetic GPS Network (MASS Stations)First Order Geodetic GPS Network (30km Network)Cadastral Control Infrastructure• 5km, 2.5km,0.5km•Ties to Cadastral      NetworkComputation of Geocentric RSO CoordinatesCadastral ControlDatabaseCCDBDesign & Analysis Of CCDBMODULE B: Development of A National Digital Cadastral Database NDCDBSDCDBDATASELECTIONADJUSTMENTTRANSFORMQUALITYCONTROLCCDBTEMPNDCDBEDITINGAutomated Database Conversion System10MODULE C : Techniques For Integrating The Digital Coordinated Cadastral Data With Mapping DataData Quality And AccuracyData FormatSoftware RequirementDatum ProjectionSystemGIS EnvironmentIntegration ProceduresFor NSDIIntegration IssuesNDCDB NDTDBDataSelectionInstitutional Issues ( Module D)ORGANIZATIONALLEGALLLS ActDGCircularsRelatedStatutesSurveyRegulationLLSRegulationNLCResources PublicityRoles OfInstitutionPolicyFormulationImplementation/ExecutionSOCIALECONOMICIMPLEMENTATION OF CCS1140 x 40 km Rural & Semi UrbanArea Covering Melaka & Johor States5 x 5 km Urban AreaIn Kuala LumpurSTUDY AREA1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2223 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3334 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 4445 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5556 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 6667 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 7778 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 8889 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121COORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM PROJECTStudy Area #1:  Wilayah Persekutuan,  Kuala Lumpur  5 X 5 km GPS Control Station Spacing ~500mWilayah PersekutuanTmn P.RamleeJln. GurneyBkt.TunkuTmn. Eastern12U 200,000.000 mT 540,000.000 mU 270,000.000 m T 480,000.000 mU 200,000.000 mT 480,000.000 mU 270,000.000 m T 540,000.000 mUlu Kemengkang,KesangGPS Control Station Spacing ~2.5 kmKg Pt PayongParit BakarBkt SerampangParit Jawa &Seri MenantiCOORDINATED CADASTRAL SYSTEM PROJECTStudy Area #2: Melaka – Johor 40 X 40 km Cadastral Control Infrastructure DevelopmentMuar7 Apr –14 AprilJasin, MelakaTengah, Alor Gajah19 Mac –7 AprilGPS Field Observation *Results Delivered: 3/5/2001GPS Processing and Results*Mac 2001Mac 2001JOHORStandard Traverse, Pipe and Cadastre markStandard Traverse, Pipe and Cadastre markMac 2001Monumentation*89 of 132 stations have been identified131 of 132 stations have been identifiedMac 2001Reconnaissance*REMARKSREMARKSMELAKAPHASE* Note: Geodesy Section, JUPEM Melaka and JUPEM Johor13GPS  Field Observation For Study Area # 2( Melaka – Johor) GPS Network Grid consists of  Primary Grid (10 kmx 10 km) Secondary Grid (2.5 km x 2.5 kmTrimble GeomaticOffice V1.1Trimble Geomatic Office V1.1GPS Processing SoftwareTrimble GeomaticOffice V1.1Geolab 2.4cAdjustment Software19723Total of Stations15-30 minutes90 minutesObservation TimeRapid Static :Reference StationsPrimary Grid PointsStaticReference Stations: M331 (Tg.Keling, Melaka), GP13 ( Tebong, Melaka), GP16 ( Pagoh, Johor)Observation TechniqueSecondary GridPrimary GridCont…GPS Network Grid For  Study Area # 2: Melaka Primary GridSecondary Grid1415Cadastral Control Infrastructure For Study  Area # 2Table 1. Summary of Coordinates Differences : Melaka 0.10.1Minimum3.72.7MaximumEast/West(cm)North/South(cm)Table 2. Summary of Coordinates Differences : Johor0.10.2Minimum3.73.7MaximumEast/West(cm)North/South(cm)Statistics of GPS Derived Coordinates From Two Base StationsNote: i) Tables 1 and 2  conclude that coordinates differences are below  4 cm tolerance (as discussed)16Cadastral Control Database (CCDB)Overlay and Identify StagesDCDB CCDBIdentify GPS Control Stations in Cadastral Database (DCDB)17Filtering Criterion-Overshoot boundary line-Open polygonExtraction ofFeaturesCCDB – ID,N/S, E/WSDCDB:i) Stone: Point Key,N/S, E/W, ii) Boundary :Bearing, DistanceManual OperationSDCDBCCDBSelect ZoneData Input For Transformation PhaseCCDB –Point key, N/S, E/WSDCDB – From Node, To Node, Bearing, DistanceAutomation OperationData Selection MethodologyHighlight Selected ZoneGenerate Features CoordinatesArcViewData Selection ModuleHighlight FilteredZoneCont…Reject LineCheck Point key (sto.shp) exist in bdy.shp NYCheck From Node whether existin To Node  columnCheck To Node whether existin From Node columnReject LineNReject LineNReject LineNYYCheck To Node & From Nodewhether exist in sto.shpFiltering ProcessLoad shp files- Change Point Keys (unique IDs)  based on features coordinates in stone,boundary& gps.shpData Selection-identify windowMap ObjectUnit ConversionLink      MeterBearing Direction“-” “+”Log file- New  and Old Point KeysArcView-Generate Features Coordinates in Boundary& Stone FilesFiltering StagesFiltering Algorithm18Data Selection ModuleCont… Selection Process… Filtering Process…Filtered Zone…19Cont…Log File: New and Current Point Keys Save to  StarNet FormatPREPARATION OF DATA INPUT & CONNECTION LINES20DIGITAL CADASTRAL DATABASE FOR STUDY AREA # 1:WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN KUALA LUMPURI I        I    GPS.shpWp1lot.shpWp1bboundary.shpLot.shpTotal of Connection Lines: 289021Total of Connection Lines: 3015CADASTRAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR STUDY AREA # 1:WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN KUALA LUMPUR I      I    Connection-line-b.shpKl-connectionline e-a.shpGPS.shpWp1lot.shpWp1lotbboundary.shpLot.hpBdy.shp22PREPARATION OF DATA INPUT: MELAKATotal of Blocks: 24, block size ~ 2.5 km x 2.5 kmCompletedIn-progressTotal of Connection Lines: 4951 23PREPARATION OF DATA INPUT: JOHOR24ADJUSTMENT OF MELAKA TEST AREA:BLOCK 125Statistical Summary for adjustment Block 1Number of Stations :2062Number of Observations :5036Number of Unknowns         :4116Number of Redundant Obs.             :920Error Factor :1.800 (Standard error  factor = 1.00)Statistical Summary for Adjustment: Block 1WGS-MRT-RSO-CASSINIADJUSTMENT 2001(Fixed GPS Control Point at 2.5 km Interval)GPS Control Station: 16PA8052, 13PA20295, 34PA9268 and 15PA212820”-1”-1’58”2’13”BearingResidual0.0080-0.0880.080Distance (m) 0.0750.07100.142N (m) Stn.CoordStd.Deviations0.0720.06800.141E (m)MINRMSMEANMAXError Ellipse for Adjustment: Block 1 26Error Ellipse for Adjustment: Block 1 6PA1000690PA2029512PA289813PA1181Arrow indicate maximum  station coordinate standard deviations: range 0.10 – 0.14 mStatistical Summary for adjustment Block 1Number of Stations :2062Number of Observations :5036Number of Unknowns         :4116Number of Redundant Obs.            :920Error Factor :1.693 (Standard error  factor = 1.00)ADJUSTMENT 2001(Fixed GPS Control Point at 2.5 km Interval)GPS Control Station: 16PA8052, 13PA20295, 34PA9268 and 15PA212819”-1”-1’48”2’01”BearingResidual0.0080-0.0600.051Distance (m) 0.0710.06700.134N (m) Stn.CoordStd.Deviations0.0680.06500.133E (m)MINRMSMEANMAXStatistical Summary for Adjustment: Block 1WGS-CASSINI (GEOCENTRIC)27Error Ellipse for Adjustment: Block 1 SUMMARY & ACTION TO BE TAKEN1) Connection lines are needed in order to run the adjustment.2) Data integrity is the most important factor in the implementation of CCS. 3) 2.5 km control station spacing is sufficient for rural area.4) Data integrity is needed before adjustment can be run.  Data screening and cleaning is essential since attribute and spatial errors exist5) Focus on the adjustment and analysis of results: Blunder errors,connection lines, residuals and standard deviations 6) Expected comprehensive adjustments results for study Melaka and Wilayah Persekutuan areas – end of July.7) Johor Test Area – end of August.8) Report writing and submission – end of October. 

Pilot project coordinated cadastral system

http://eprints.utm.my/5645/1/CCS_INSTUN02.pdf

Pilot project coordinated cadastral system

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