Wireless sensor network can deliver environment data in campus area as CO, NO2, HC, particulate matter, temperature, humidity, and luminous intensity to provide accurate realtime data. This realtime environment data is used for environment indexing accurately, and then can be developed in an expert system. This expert system collects input data from the sensor. This expert system will help giving the accurate input for campus authority to state and evaluate campus developing policy continuously. This expert system uses forward chaining method, PHP programming language and MySQL database

Nurhayati, Oky Dwi

Prasetyo, Muhammad Naufal

Sumardi, Sumardi

Widianto, Eko Didik

English

Diponegoro University Institutional Repository

Expert System for Campus Environment Indexing inWireless Sensor NetworkSumardiDepartment of Electrical EngineeringDiponegoro UniversitySemarang, Indonesiasumardi.undip@gmail.com Oky D. Nurhayati, Muh. N. Prasetyo, Eko D. WidiantoDepartment of Computer EngineeringDiponegoro UniversitySemarang, Indonesiadidik@live.undip.ac.idAbstract— Wireless sensor network can deliver environmentdata  in  campus  area  as  CO,  NO2,  HC,  particulate  matter,temperature,  humidity,  and  luminous  intensity  to  provideaccurate realtime data. This realtime environment data is usedfor  environment indexing accurately, and then can be developedin an expert system. This expert system collects input data fromthe sensor. This expert system will help giving the accurate inputfor campus authority to state and evaluate campus developingpolicy  continuously.  This  expert  system uses  forward chainingmethod, PHP programming language and MySQL database.Keywords—expert  system,  campus  environment,  environmentindex, wireless sensor network, forward chainingI.  INTRODUCTIONCampus is one of the places  for education.  Students usecampus not only for studying but also for developing talents.So  that  students  can  do  learning  maximally,  good  campusenvironment is required.Now,  primary  environment  issues  that  campus  authorityfaced  are  climate  changing  mitigation  and  campussustainability. World universities, including Indonesia, make aneffort  to  decrease  carbon  emission,  control  and  increasesustainable campus developing.Continuously  campus  developing  scheme  involves  3indicator aspects, environment, research, and society [1]. Those3  aspects  become  a  stake,  interconnected,  andmultidimensional to actualize featured campus that consist ofenvironment knowledge, using and managing efficient energy,research, and civitas academica awareness.One of the metrics that used to evaluate campus developingis  UI  GreenMetric  [2].  UI  GreenMetric  has  5  criterias,environment  arrangement,  cimlate  changing  mitigation  andenergy  conservation,  waste  management,  eco-friendly  waterconservation and transportation [3]. Doing evaluation methodby descriptive and qualitative, score weighting and calculating.This metric evaluates the policy and campus’ effort to actualizegreen  campus.  The  assessed  indicators  are  environmentarranging and campus infrastructure related to electricity usage,the quantity of vehicles, energy saving device usage, renewableenergy usage policy, the reduction of gas emissions policy, andtransportation policy to limit the quantity of vehicles inside thecampus.Wireless sensor network (WSN) system is a system that candeliver  environment  data  such  as  CO,  NO2,  HC particulatematter, temperature, humidity and luminous intensity. The datathat determine index/score each parameter have to be accurate.Those parameters will give some indications that cause someresults. The results need solutions and will be used as policyproducts.  The effects  of  these  policies  have  to  be measuredaccurately.One  of  the  technologies  that  capable  to  determine  andmeasure accurately is expert system. This expert system will beused to determine and give a meaningful information, such ashealty enviroment index, to campus stakeholders from accuratedata  provided  by  environment  sensor  in  WSN  system.  Theinformation  is  then  presented  as  web  service  than  can  beaccessed using browser.II. THE UNDERLYING THEORYA. Expert SystemExpert  system  is  system  that  trying  to  adopt  human’sknowledge  into  computer,  so  that  computer  can  solve  theproblem like the experts do. Because of this system, commonpeople  can  solve  the  complicated  problem that  actually  canonly be solved by the experts [4,5].Expert  system  consists  of  3  primary  components,  userinterface, knowledge base and inference engine as depicted atFigure 1.Figure 1. Block Diagram of Expert SystemExpert system usually presents some certain questions untilit can decide an object that matches with the informations. Thisis  the  part  of  high  level  specialization  software  trying  toduplicate the function of certain expertise fields. This programact as consultant inside expert scope, as collected knowledgeresults from the experts[5].B. Wireless Sensor NetworkWireless Sensor Network is a network composed by somenode sensors that have sensing, wireless communication, andcomputing ability. A node sensor has 2 components, mote andsensor. Sensor always sticks to the mote. Mote is responsible tostorage, computation and communication, meanwhile sensor isresponsible  to  physic  phenomenon  sensing  such  astemperature, luminous, voice, vibration, et cetera. Node sensorcollects data and process on network by data collected to theintermediate  node  before  continue  to  the  data  center  foranalysis or further processing.At  first,  the  research  about  WSN  is  part  of  DistributedSensor  Network  (DSN)  program  by  Defense  AdvancedResearch Projects Agency (DARPA) at 1980. At that moment,sensor was expensive and had relatively big size so the usagewas limited only for military and state prominency. Now, thereare many small size sensors with affordable price so can beused in wider applications.In step with internet  technology development,  WSN thenintegrated in Internet of Things (IoT) concept, IP-based WSN.In this concept, each sensor has unique identity so dynamicallyjoin into a network, collaborated and cooperated efficiently [6].III. MATERIALS AND METHODSWhen building a good software system, a mature design isrequired. A good and structured design should be suitable withthe existing needs. Hence, in this expert system design, needanalysis  and  structured  design  are  necessary  started  fromdesigning  database,  function  to  interface  of  system.  Anapplication made will consist of client  and server  which theclient  can  be  accessed  through  the  mobile  devices  and  theserver can be accessed through web. A network is needed tooperate the application of expert system as the system later isput  is  in  a  server.  The  system  requirements  consist  of  2,functional and non-functional requirements.1. Functional Requirementsa. System  can  diagnose  environment  parameterssuch  as  CO,  NO2,  HC,  PM,  humidity,temperature and luminous intensity.b. System  has  login  feature  for  admin,environment expert and visitor, so not everyonecan access the database.c. Admin  and  expert  can  manage  the  symptomdata used as parameter input.d. Admin  and  expert  can  manage  the  result  andsolution data used as parameter output.e. Admin and expert  can  see  the  history sort  bytime.2. Non-functional Requirementsa. System must be user-friendly.b. System can be accessed from computer deviceusing web browser.c. System  has  confirmation  and  notificationfeatures if user doing any data changing.The  specifications  of  the  hardware  used  in  building  theexpert system are listed as follows:1. Notebook Intel® Core™ i5-2430M (2.4 Ghz)2. 4 GB Memory (RAM)3. 500 GB Hard diskMeanwhile, the software used is listed as follows:1. Windows 7 operating system2. Apache3. PHP MyAdmin and MySQL4. Sublime Text 25. Google Chrome browserIV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe first step of this expert  system designing is creatingdatabase  and  tables.  In  this  database,  there  are  12 tables  asshown at Table 1.Table 1. List of Tables in DatabaseIn the parameter table, there are 7 parameters that sensorwill store. The 7 parameters are given at Table 2.Table 2. List of ParametersParameterIDParameter NameC Carbon monoxideN Nitrogen dioxideH HidrocarbonP Particulate MatterU HumidityS TemperatureI Luminous intensityFigure  2 is  the  sample  data  from sensor  that  insert  intoinput_data sensor table.Figure 2. Sample DataThe  7  parameter  indicators  are  inserted  into  each  theirtables (tbl_c, tbl_n, tbl_h, tbl_p, tbl_u, tbl_s, tbl_i) as depictedat Figure 3.Figure 3. Input each Parameter IndicatorsThe dasboard where can edit or delete data is depicted atFigure4.Figure 4. The DashboardAccording to Keputusan Kepala Bapedal No. 107 Tahun1997  about Calculation, Reporting and ISPU (Indeks StandarPencemaran Udara) Information [7], given the index limit ofeach parameters displayed in a tabular as depicted at Table 3.Table 3. ISPU Limit in International System of UnitsThe way to measure daily index is also different. For C, N,H and I, accumulate input every 1 hour, meanwhile for P andU, calculate the average by (1).2 × data07.00+data 13.00+data18.004       (1)Then,  daily index recalculate by (2).I=Ia−IbXa−Xb( Xx−Xb )+ Ib                                  (2)Where:I = calculated ISPU Ia = upper limit ISPUIb = lower limit ISPUXa = upper ambientXb = lower ambientXx = real ambient measurement result levelAftter that, the calculated ISPU is compared with data inthe ISPU limit table at Table 4.Table 4. List of Number and Category of ISPUIndex Category1 – 50 Good51 – 100 Medium101 – 199 Poorly200 – 299 Very Poorly300 –moreDangerousFigure  5 and  Figure  6  show the  interface  where  systemdisplays the output.Figure 5. Output InterfaceFigure 6. Output Interface (ii)V. CONCLUSIONSThe expert  system for  environment index was developedfor the web-based application to be accessible at anytime aslong  as  the  users  brings  the  computer  devices  and  internetconnection  is  available.  This  expert  system  was  developedusing  CodeIgniter  in  which  supported  with  PHP language,using Bootstrap and CSS as its basic display that can be usedfor further needs. The 7 parameters that measured by sensor ischosen by its existences in the campus area. CO, NO2 and HCare produced by vehicles’ gasoline contamination, meanwhilePM,  humidity,  temperature  and  luminous  intensity  areproduced  by  surrounding  combustion  activity.  Based  on  theISPU,  there  are  5  categories  index  that  can  be  available  todetermine  which  category  each  parameters  belong  to  andcalculate  by  the  given  formula.  For  further  research,  it  issuggested  to  conduct  that  the  expert  system  to  make  itapplicable in mobile device like Android.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe work is funded by Direktur Penelitian dan Pengabdiankepada  Masyarakat  (Ditlitabmas)  Direktorat  JenderalPendidikan Tinggi (Ditjen Dikti) Kementerian Pendidikan danKebudayaan  Republic  of  Indonesia,  DIPA  Number023.04.1.6735453/2015.REFERENCES[1] R. Lukman, D. Kranjc,  P. Glavic, “University ranking using research,educational  adn  environmental  indicators,”  Journal  of  CleanerProdution, vol. 18, pp. 619-628, May 2010. [2] R.  F.  Sari,  “Methodology  and  evaluation  of  green  and  sustainablecampus indicators for world,” Proceeding of the International RankingExpert Group-6 (IREG-6), 2012. [3] E.  Hazelkom,  “World-class  Universities  or  World-class  Systems?Rankings and Higher  Education,”  UNESCO Forum on Rankings andAccountability in Higher Education, 2011. [4] Arhami, M, Konsep Dasar Sistem Pakar, Yogyakarta: Andi, 2005. [5] Kusumadewi,  Sri,  Artificial  Intelligence  (Teknik  dan  Aplikasnya),Yogyakarta: GRAHA ILMU, 2003. [6] Irawan,  Ade,  “Berita-iptek,”  28  Januari  2014.  [Online].  Available:http://berita-iptek.com/jaringan-sensor-nirkabel-dan-tren-aplikasinya-di-2014. [Diakses 5 April 2015].[7] Keputusan  Kepala  Bapedal  No.  107  Tahun  1997,  “Perhitungan  DanPelaporan Serta Informasi”.

Expert system for campus environment indexing in wireless sensor network

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Expert system for campus environment indexing in wireless sensor network

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