This research was conducte to find out the effect and optimal percentage of adding Zn and Cu

proteinat supplement product of fermentation by Saccharomyces cerev s ae in the ration on internal

quality of the broiler.The experiment use 125 broiler day ol chicken with a Completely Randomize

Design.The ration treatments were R0 (control),R1 (99%R0 +1%supplement Zn and Cu proteinat),R2

(98%R0 +2%supplement Zn and Cu proteinat),R3 (97%R0 +3%supplement Zn and Cu proteinat)and

R4 (96%R0 +4%supplement Zn and Cu proteinat)where each treatment was repeate five times and

each replication consiste of five broiler chicks.Variable analysis were body cut weight,carcass

percentage,liver relative weight,and the content of cholesterol broiler meat.Conclusion of the research

showe that by using 3%of Zn and Cu proteinat supplement substrat in the ration gave the best internal

quality of broiler,increase body cut weight,carcass percentage,otherwise liver relative weight and the

content of cholesterol broiler meat were normal.

Keywords :Zn and Cu prote nat supplement,rat ons ,bro ler nternal qual t

Abun, Abun

Darana, S

Destian, A

Widjastuti, T

English

Diponegoro University Institutional Repository

UTILISING Zn AND Cu  PRODUCT  IN THE CORN  MEAL SUBSTRATE AT Saccharomyces cerevisiae  BIOPROCESS  AND  ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON INTERNAL QUALITY OF BROILER T. Widjastuti, Abun, A. Destian and S. DaranaFaculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang  Km 21 Jatrinangor, Sumedang, West Java - IndonesiaCorresponding E-mail: tuti_widjastuti@yahoo.comReceived August 28, 2009; Accepted Nopember 29, 2009ABSTRACTThis research was conducted to find out the effect and optimal percentage of adding  Zn and Cu proteinat supplement product of fermentation by  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  in the ration on internal quality of the broiler.  The experiment used 125 broiler day old chicken with a Completely Randomized Design. The ration treatments were R0 (control), R1 (99% R0 + 1% supplement Zn and Cu proteinat), R2 (98% R0 + 2% supplement Zn and Cu proteinat), R3 (97% R0 + 3% supplement Zn and Cu proteinat) and R4  (96% R0 + 4% supplement Zn and Cu proteinat)  where each treatment was repeated five times and each  replication  consisted  of  five  broiler  chicks.  Variable  analysis  were  body  cut  weight,  carcass percentage, liver relative weight, and the content of  cholesterol broiler meat. Conclusion of the research showed that by using 3% of Zn and Cu proteinat supplement substrat in the ration gave the best internal quality of broiler, increased body cut weight, carcass percentage, otherwise liver relative weight and the content of cholesterol broiler meat  were normal.Keywords : Zn and Cu proteinat supplement, rations ,broiler internal quality INTRODUCTIONNutrient necessity of broiler ration has been recommended among each of  feed-mill,  but  the validity is still asked a question.  This case stigma can  be  suggest  by  giving  supplement,  either amino acids, vitamins, or mineral of any animal product.   By  adding  of  an  organic  mineral straight apprehensive, it will be tied to fatty acid be a phytate  complex which is  very difficult  to absorb  and  makes  mineral  and  another  nutrient deficiency.  Mineral supplementation are given in organic matter, where the organic minerals could be done by bioprocess using one of the specific microorganism  pass  through  Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast fermentation. Saccharomyces  cerevisiae  is  an  unicellular fungi and called yeast, oval round shape, have a 5 – 12 µ measurement and after adult will be broken to be mother cell (Frazier et.al., 1993).  The active yeast can produce amylase, lipase, protease, and other  enzymes  which  can  change  complex molecule to be a simple molecule and could be serve  digest  of  nutrient  in  digestible  organs (Tjitjah, 2005).  As long as Zn and Cu minerals and its substrat mixture are metabolized by yeast, both of  those minerals  composed the linkage of protein  and  carbohydrate  cluster.   The  mineral bound  can  be  a  simple  organic  and  then  be absorbed by intestine (Shin, 1996; Pilliang, 2000). The readiness of Zn and Cu micro minerals must  be takes a special  attention,  because those minerals  have  catabolism  functions  in  biology process  (Georgievskii,  1982;  Murray,  1997; Pilliang, 2000). The Zn mineral is a cofactor that can  be  met  in  thirty  enzymes,  while  Cu  is important  in  haemoglobine biosynthesis  and the rupture of errythrocytes, and as a seruloplasmine component,  dismutase  of  superoxide,  and cytochrome oxydase (Kidd et al.,1996; Tanuwiria, 2004).  Zn and Cu minerals have a high biological readiness  in  organic  matter,  and  looks-like proteinate of Zn and Cu which makes from corn- meal  and soy-  bean meal  substrat  compound as much as 20 percent via Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast  as an fermented inoculum.  The product of fermentation, could be an additive nutrient, and in the  ration  makes  as  feed  supplementary  (amino acids,  fatty  acids,  vitamins,  and  minerals), especially  for  broiler  chicks.   The  essential  of amino acid content in  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  is  very  well,  it  contains  lysine  7.8  percent  and tryptophan 1.3 percent (Dhalika et al., 2004). The amino  acid  synthesis,  later  could  be decarbonization  and  become  pyrophosphate isopenthenyl, and then lanosterol, and at the end 236 J.Indonesian Trop.Anim.Agric. 34(4) December 2009makes  cholesterol  (Paik  et  al.,  1999).   The cholesterol  biosynthesis  is  not  directly  arranged by  the  decreasing  of  glutathione  (GSH)  and Oxyde-glutathione  (GSSG)  (Kim  et  al.,1992; Bakali  and Pesti,  1994).   The decrease  of  GSH related to  liver  cell  protection from free  radical poisonous at high Cu, until Cu be made complex by GSH, and then is transfered to metallothionein form, for example: Cu storage. The increasing of GSSG  concentration  caused  the  activity  of  3-hidroxy-3-3-methylglutaryleo-enzyme-A  (HMG-CoA reductase) decreased until the flow of carbon via  mevalonat  track  also  decreased  and  finally cholesterol synthesis become lower (Feedman  et  al.,1998).  Supplement  nutrient  product  of  Zn and Cu analysis : water 10.67 percent, crude protein 21.35 percent,  crude fat  4.04 percent,  crude fiber 4.42 percent, Zn 2400 mg/kg and Cu 400 mg/kg.  The research with phytase and Zn (132.70 ppm) and CuSO4  (286.16  ppm)  in  the  ration  raised  body weight effectively and decreased feed conversion on  broiler  chicks  (Setyawan  et  al.,  2007).   A treatment  with  CuSO4-250,  Cu-Methyonine-125, and Cu-Methyonine-125 and Cu-Methyonine-250 caused Cu concentration in the liver significantly decreased  total  cholesterol  plasma  (Paik  et  al., 1999).The  linkage  of  Zn  and  Cu  product  of bioprocess by  Saccharomyces cereviciae, Zn and Cu  organic  matter  are  an  active  nutrient  for metabolism and digestible system.  By using Zn and Cu proteinate  in  the  ration,  is  expected the respons not only on the performance, but also in the  organ  development  on  broiler  meat cholesterol.  The objective of the research was to find  out  the  effect  and  optimal  percentage  of adding  Zn  and  Cu  proteinat  supplement fermentation  by  Saccharomyces  cereviciae  in ration on internal quality of the broiler.MATERIALS AND METHODS The research used 125 DOC of broiler Cobb Strain, with the average of body weight was 43.26 gram  and  6.56  percent  of  variable  coefficient. The  birds  kept  in  cage  system,  as  much  as  25 cages,  and  each  cage  consisted  of  5  chickens. Every cage is equiped by round feeder and round waterer, 40 watts of bulb lamp as heater hanging in the middle of each cage,  where a 10 watt  of tube lamp as a house light.The  ration  was  made  by  corn-meal,  fish meal, rice bran, coconut meal, soy-bean meal, and bone meal ingredients. The diet formula have 20 percent  of  protein  and  3000  kcal/kg  of metabolizable  energy.  The  Zn  and  Cu  proteinat supplement were made in The Poultry Nutrition, Non-Rumminant,and  Industrial  Laboratory, Faculty  of  Animal  Husbandry,  Padjadjaran University.The formula rations were :R0= Control ration without Zn and Cu proteinat contentR1= 99 percent Control ration + 1 percent of Zn and Cu proteinatR2= 98 percent Control ration + 2 percent of Zn and Cu proteinatR3= 97 percent Control ration + 3 percent of Zn and Cu proteinatR4= 96 percent Control ration + 4 percents of Zn and Cu proteinatCompletely Randomized Design was used in this  experiment  with  5  treatments,  and  each treatment  was  repeated  5 times.   Then the  data was analyzed by random simple test, and among treatments  with  Duncan’s  Multiple  Range  Test. Variable analysis  were  body cut  weight,  carcass percentage, liver relative weight, and the content of cholesterol broiler meat.  The  basal  diet  composition  is  showed  in Table 1.  The nutrient content of five experimental ration for 0–5 weeks of broiler age is presented in Table 2.RESULTS  AND DISCUSSIONThe  body  cut  weight,  carcass  percentage, liver  relative  weight,  and  the  content  of cholesterol of broiler meat is showed in Table 3.Body Cut WeightBy  treatment  of  97  percent  control  ration Utilization of Zn and Cu Proteinat in Brolier ( T. Widjastuti et al.) 237Ingredient Control Ration (%)Yellow Corn- meal 62Rice bran Soy-bean meal 19Coconut mealFish mealBone mealCoconut oilPremix additiveTotalTable 1. Ration Treatment Formula (R0)  3 5 8 1    1.5   0.5            100with 3 percent of Cu and Zn proteinat gave the best  result  of  broiler  body  cut  weight,  and significantly  different  (P<0.05)  from  other treatments.  If  connected  to  feed  consumption which was not significant, then the existence  of Zn and Cu proteinat supplement in the ration via Saccharomyces  cereviciae  bioprocess  made  the ration easier to digest. The  same  as  digestibility  observation,  the addition  of  3  percent  Zn  and  Cu  proteinat supplement in the ration gave 80.92 percent dry matter,  81.18  percent  organic  matter,  and  80.92 percent digestible value (Tjitjah et al., 2006).  The higher  protein  digestible,  the  higher  meat productivity.   By  adding  3  percent  Zn  and  Cu proteinat  supplement in the ration (R3)  gave Zn and  Cu  absorption  46.85  mg/kg  and  8  mg/kg, while  at   R1 and  R2 still  below or  not  enough, because  minimal  requirement  of  Zn  and  Cu  40 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg (NRC, 1994).  The  addition  of  3  percent  Zn  and  Cu proteinat supplement made balance the action of bacterial  in  small  intestine,  and  broiler  body weight was higher.   In R1  ration the Zn and Cu absorbed  were  30.16  mg/kg  and  6.18  mg/kg, while in R2 were  37.98 mg/kg and 7.48 mg/kg. Therefore, broilers body weight treated R1 and R2 rations  were  lower  than those treated R3 ration. Different  from R3 ,  the Zn and Cu absorbed in R4 were 53.61 mg/kg and 10.06 mg/kg.  It was the highest  and made the work of liver  more extra. The highest Zn made inflamation of liver.  That is why the body weight of broiler which were gave R0 and R4 ration were same.  Pilliang ( 2000) and Kim and  Patterson  (2004)  recommended,  if  the content  of  mineral  in  ration  too  much,  it  will cause poisoning and decrease broiler body weight.238 J.Indonesian Trop.Anim.Agric. 34(4) December 2009The Nutrient...........................................  (%) ...................................Crude protein 19.99 20 20.02 20.03 20.04Crude fat 6.41 6.39 6.36 6.34 6.31Crude fiber 3.81 3.81 3.82 3.82 3.83Calcium 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.16Phosphor 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.44Lysine 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13Methionine 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4Zn (mg/kg) 33.25 45.47 57.69 69.92 82.15Cu (mg/kg) 7.24 8.84 10.39 11.95 13.513011 3010 3010 3009 3008Table 2. The Nutrient Content of Experimental Rations *)R0   R1   R2   R3    R4  Metabolizable energy(kcal/kg)*) Analysis of Poultry, Non-rumminant and Food Industrial Nutrition Laboratory, The Faculty of  Animal Husbandry, University of Padjadjaran (2008). VariableBody cut weight (g)Carcass (%)Liver relative weight (%)Cholesterol (mg/100 g) 68.077 71.134Note: a,b Row means with different superscript were significantly different (P<0.05)Table 3. Average of Body Cut Weight, Carcass Persentage, Liver Relative Weight,  and  Content                Cholesterol of Broiler MeatR0 R1 R2 R3 R41204.50a 1204.00 a 1235.20 a  1393.60 b 1200.80 a 67.20 a  67.99 a  68.70 a   70.36 b   67.71a 1.78 a  1.89 a  1.92 a   2.00 a   2.23b 75.143   70.095  69.883 Carcass PercentageThe  percentage  of  carcass  weight  was  the empty  carcass  divided  by  slaughter  weight  and multiplied by one hundred percent.  In Table 3 can be seen that the highest of carcass percentage was broiler chick which receiving 3 percent Zn and Cu proteinat additive in the ration R3  (70.36%), and the lowest  was R0 (67.20%).  The result  of this experiment showed that by using 3 percent of  Zn and Cu proteinat  additive in the ration gave the optimal  of  broiler  carcass  weight,  because  by giving  4  percent  of  those,  the  carcass  weight become decreased.  Morran and Orr (1997) have stated that in fact  the carcass weight  percentage positive correlated with broiler slaughter weight. Liver Relative WeightLiver  relative  weight  was  calculated  liver weight divided by slaughter weight and multiplied by one hundred percent. The liver relative weight of  each  treatment  is  showed  in  Table  3.  The average  of  liver  relative  weight  was  1.78-2.23 percent,  showing  increase  to  ration  with  giving more Zn and Cu proteinat of feed additive.  This experiment  looks  like  the  same  as  Santosa's experiment,(2001)  which found the  liver  weight was 1.7-2.3 percent.  By  giving  4  percent  Zn  and  Cu  proteinat supplement  in  the  ration  (R4),  broiler  received 53.61 mg/kg and 10,06 mg/kg Cu much more for Zn and Cu of standard  need.  Because of  Zn and Cu  were  higher  than  standard,  so  the  liver  had extra work and then caused inflamation.   Wahyu (1992) stated that if Cu in a ration was high, so Cu in the liver would high too,  and  Zn could be used to eliminate the poison of Cu. Giving Zn too high in  ration  makes  liver  inflammation.   The  liver color  would  change  when  getting  poison  and inflammation (Ressang, 1994).Meat Cholesterol ContentThe average of  meat  cholesterol  content  is showed in Table 3.  The meat cholesterol levels in R3 was the lowest (68.078 mg/100 g) and those in R0 was the highest (75.134 mg/100g).  By adding 3 percent Zn and Cu proteinat feed additive in the ration, there was a tendency that the level of meat cholesterol content going to decrease.  The range of cholesterol content in blood of 21-42 days old broiler  was 133.06-154.39 mg/100g (Bakali  and Pesti, 1994).  Researchers reported that the range of  cholesterol  content  in  broiler  meat  was  90 mg/100  g  (Chan  et  al.,  1995).   Comparing  to researchs, the level of broiler meat cholesterol in this research still in the normal range.Cu  mineral  content  in  the  liver  controlled cholesterol  biosynthesis  and  caused  glutation hepatic  goes  down.   Glutation  active  in biosynthesis  of  cholesterol  pass-through coenzyme  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary  (HMG-CoA) stimulation (Paik et al., 1999).  The percent of  Cu mineral  into liver  cell  caused  a  complex condition  by  glutathione  immediately,  and  later was  transferred  to  be  metallothionein.  The increasing  of  glutathione  concentration  caused HMG-CoA activity going-down until  caused the decreasing  of  cholesterol  synthesis  (Kim  et.al., 1992; Bakali and Pesti, 1994).  By addition 4 percent Zn and Cu proteinat supplement in the ration, the role of Cu did not give effect on broiler meat chlolesterol level.  This matter  because  of  cholesterol  amount  in  broiler body  depend  on  the  situation  of  animal development  period.  Cholesterol  in  animal development  period  need  more  for  steroid hormone,  bile  salts,  and  vitamin  D3 formation (Muchtadi  et al.,  1995).  The research object of broiler chicks still on development periode, so by the addition of 1-4 percent of Zn and Cu proteinat supplement  in  the  ration  gave  a  non-significant effect  on  broiler  meat  cholesterol.   Anggorodi (1995)  has  told  that  cholesterol  content  in  the animal body organ depend on the age .CONCLUSIONBy adding 3 percent of Zn and Cu proteinat supplement in the ration gave the best result  on broiler internal quality, such as: body cut weight and  carcass  percentage  had  increased,  while relative liver weight and the content of cholesterol broiler meat still normal.REFERENCESAnggorodi,  R.  1995.  Nutrisi  Aneka  Ternak Unggas.  PT  Gramedia  Pustaka  Utama, Jakarta.Bakali, I.R and G.M Pesti. 1994. Dietary copper in excess of nutritional requirement reduces plasma  and  breast  muscle  cholesterol  of chickens. J. Poult  Sci. 74:360-364 Chan, W., W.C. Brown, S.M. Lee and D.H. Buss 1995.  Meat,  Poultry and Game Supplement to  Mc  Cane  and  Widdowsons  The Composition  of  Foods.   Published  by  The Royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.Utilization of Zn and Cu Proteinat in Brolier ( T. 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Biokimia Harfer. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC,

Dietary copper in excess of nutritional requirement reduces plasma and breast muscle cholesterol of chickens.

Efek suplementasi Zn-Cu proteinat dalam ransum terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vitro.

Effect of dietary zinc supplementation on broiler performance and nitrogen loss manure.

Effects of supplementary copperchelate on the performance and cholesterol level in plasma and breast muscle of broiler chicken.

Evaluasi nilai gizi produk bioproses oleh Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yang di suplementasi dengan Zn dan Cu.

Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas.

Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi Peternakan. 30(2):122-128 Shin, T.H.1996. Practical Uses of Yeast Culture YC-1000 in Swine. Poultry and Ruminant Rations. Choong Ang Chemical.

Influence of strain on the yield of commercial parts from the chicken broiler carcass.

Mineral Nutrion of Animal. Butterworths,

Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9 th Ed.

Nutrisi Aneka Ternak Unggas. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama,

Nutrisi Mineral. Edisi ke 3.

Patologi Khusus Veteriner.

Pengaruh umur terhadap enzim lipogenik di hati dan akumulasi ternak pada ayam broiler.

Probiotic in poultry nutrition.

Suplementasi fitase, seng oksidase (ZnO) dan tembagasSulfat (CuSO4) dalam ransum sebagai stimulan pertumbuhan ayam boiler.

Suplementasi mineral Zn dan Cu melalui bioproses oleh Saccharomyces serevisiae sebagai imbuhan pakan dan implementasinya pada pertumbuhan ayam broiler.

Utilization of Zn and Cu Proteinat in Brolier

Zinc metabolism with special reference to its role in immunity.

UTILISING Zn AND Cu PRODU T IN THE CORN MEAL SUBSTRATE AT

Saccharomyces cerev s ae BIOPRO ESS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON INTERNAL QUALITY OF BROILER

http://eprints.undip.ac.id/16983/1/34(4)2009p236-240.pdf

UTILISING Zn AND Cu PRODU T IN THE CORN MEAL SUBSTRATE AT Saccharomyces cerev s ae BIOPRO ESS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION ON INTERNAL QUALITY OF BROILER

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