Development and Initial Validation
of Perceived Research Environment
Scale for Higher Education
Academics
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in the perceived research environment for higher education academics.
As there is no existing, psychometrically sound scale that directly measures perceived research
environment for higher education academics, we designed and validated the Perceived Research
Environment Scale for use with this population. In Phase 1, items were developed based on a
review of literature, six focus groups, and expert judgment. In Phase 2, the items were then
administered to a sample of Indonesian academics (N = 306, M age = 42.29 years). Item analysis
and exploratory factor analysis were used to reduce the number of items and determine the
factor structure. In Phase 3, confirmatory factor analyses were used on a hold-out sample (N =
292, M age = 43.39) to confirm this structure. In Phase 4, we provided evidence for construct
validity. The practical uses of this newly developed scale are discussed