Bay, A.

Heshmati, H.

Iranian Journal of Public Health

English

PubMed

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Repository

     Iran J Public Health, Vol. 45, No.2, Feb 2016, pp. 276-277                                           Letter to the Editor 276                                                                                                        Available at:    http://ijph.tums.ac.ir   Factors Associated with Pesticide Use Behaviors among  Farmworkers Based On Health Belief Model  Abotaleb BAY 1, *Hashem HESHMATI 2  1. Dept. of Environment Health, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2. Dept. of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran  *Corresponding Author: Email: heshmatih1@thums.ac.ir  (Received 06 Nov 2015; accepted 10 Dec 2015)  Dear Editor-in-Chief    The unsafe uses of pesticides cause problems for human health in both developed and developing countries. Improperly used or stored of these chemical agents can harm humans. Cancer, birth defects, and damage to the nervous system, de-pression, respiratory symptoms, skin disease and the functioning of the endocrine system are key risks of pesticides (1-3).  The current study was designed and done with the aim of determine factors associated with pesticide use behaviors among farmworkers based on Health Belief Model (HBM).  In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014, 400 eligible Iranian farmworkers that were from Go-lestan Province (northwest of Iran) were selected using multi stage sampling method. Data were col-lected using reliable and valid questionnaire through interview. Data were analyzed via SPSS18 Software (Chicago, IL, USA) and Pearson correla-tion test, Independent t test, ANOVA and Linear regression.  All the farmworkers gave their informed written consents before inclusion in the study. The average age of the participants was 39.38±12.71 yr. The average level of behavior, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, per-ceived barriers and health motivation was in moderate level and the average level of perceived benefits and self- efficacy was in desirable level. There was positive significant correlation be-tween behavior and all of HBM constructs (P<0.0001) except perceived barriers (P=0.213). Self- efficacy (B=0.378 P<0.0001) and health motivation (B=0.277 P<0.0001) were the most important predictors of pesticide use behaviors. Behavior of the participants is not in a desirable level. Self-efficacy and health motivation had an important role on behavior. Other studies showed application of some of HBM constructs in this re-gard (4, 5). We recommended appropriate inter-vention especially health education based on health belief model with special emphasis on Self-efficacy and health motivation.  Acknowledgement  The authors declare that there is no conflict of in-terests.  References  1. Goldmann L (2004). United Nations Environ-ment Programme: Childhood Pesticide Poi-soning Information for Advocacy and Action. The United Nations Environment Pro-gramme, the Switzerland. Available from: Bay & Heshmati: Factors Associated with Pesticide Use Behaviors …  Available at:  http://ijph.tums.ac.ir                                                                                                          277 http://www.wh-o.int/ceh/publica-tions/pestpoisoning.pdf 2. Beseler C, Stallones L, Hoppin JA, Alavanja MC, Blair A, Keefe T, Kamel F (2006). Depression and pesticide exposures in female spouses of licensed pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study cohort. J Occup Environ Med, 48(10):1005-1013. 3. Ye  M, Beach  J, Martin  JW, Senthilselvan  A(2013). Occupational pesticide exposures and respiratory health. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2013;10(12):6442-6471.  4. Raksanam B, Taneepanichskul S, Siriwong W, Robson MG (2012). Factors associated with pesticide risk behaviors among rice farmers in rural community, Thailand. J Environ Earth Sci, 2(2):32-39. 5. Arcury TA, Quandt SA, Russell GB (2002). Pesti-cide safety among farmworkers: perceived risk and perceived control as factors reflecting en-vironmental justice. Environ Health Per-spect,110(2): 233-240.           

Factors associated with pesticide use behaviors among farmworkers based on health belief model

Abotaleb BAY

Hashem HESHMATI

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     Iran J Public Health, Vol. 45, No.2, Feb 2016, pp. 276-277                                           Letter to the Editor 276                                                                                                        Available at:    http://ijph.tums.ac.ir   Factors Associated with Pesticide Use Behaviors among  Farmworkers Based On Health Belief Model  Abotaleb BAY 1, *Hashem HESHMATI 2  1. Dept. of Environment Health, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 2. Dept. of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran  *Corresponding Author: Email: heshmatih1@thums.ac.ir  (Received 06 Nov 2015; accepted 10 Dec 2015)  Dear Editor-in-Chief    The unsafe uses of pesticides cause problems for human health in both developed and developing countries. Improperly used or stored of these chemical agents can harm humans. Cancer, birth defects, and damage to the nervous system, de-pression, respiratory symptoms, skin disease and the functioning of the endocrine system are key risks of pesticides (1-3).  The current study was designed and done with the aim of determine factors associated with pesticide use behaviors among farmworkers based on Health Belief Model (HBM).  In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014, 400 eligible Iranian farmworkers that were from Go-lestan Province (northwest of Iran) were selected using multi stage sampling method. Data were col-lected using reliable and valid questionnaire through interview. Data were analyzed via SPSS18 Software (Chicago, IL, USA) and Pearson correla-tion test, Independent t test, ANOVA and Linear regression.  All the farmworkers gave their informed written consents before inclusion in the study. The average age of the participants was 39.38±12.71 yr. The average level of behavior, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, per-ceived barriers and health motivation was in moderate level and the average level of perceived benefits and self- efficacy was in desirable level. There was positive significant correlation be-tween behavior and all of HBM constructs (P<0.0001) except perceived barriers (P=0.213). Self- efficacy (B=0.378 P<0.0001) and health motivation (B=0.277 P<0.0001) were the most important predictors of pesticide use behaviors. Behavior of the participants is not in a desirable level. Self-efficacy and health motivation had an important role on behavior. Other studies showed application of some of HBM constructs in this re-gard (4, 5). We recommended appropriate inter-vention especially health education based on health belief model with special emphasis on Self-efficacy and health motivation.  Acknowledgement  The authors declare that there is no conflict of in-terests.  References  1. Goldmann L (2004). United Nations Environ-ment Programme: Childhood Pesticide Poi-soning Information for Advocacy and Action. The United Nations Environment Pro-gramme, the Switzerland. Available from: Bay & Heshmati: Factors Associated with Pesticide Use Behaviors …  Available at:  http://ijph.tums.ac.ir                                                                                                          277 http://www.who.int/ceh/publica-tions/pestpoisoning.pdf 2. Beseler C, Stallones L, Hoppin JA, Alavanja MC, Blair A, Keefe T, Kamel F (2006). Depression and pesticide exposures in female spouses of licensed pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study cohort. J Occup Environ Med, 48(10):1005-1013. 3. Ye  M, Beach  J, Martin  JW, Senthilselvan  A(2013). Occupational pesticide exposures and respiratory health. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2013;10(12):6442-6471.  4. Raksanam B, Taneepanichskul S, Siriwong W, Robson MG (2012). Factors associated with pesticide risk behaviors among rice farmers in rural community, Thailand. J Environ Earth Sci, 2(2):32-39. 5. Arcury TA, Quandt SA, Russell GB (2002). Pesti-cide safety among farmworkers: perceived risk and perceived control as factors reflecting en-vironmental justice. Environ Health Pers-pect,110(2): 233-240.           

Factors Associated with Pesticide Use Behaviors among  Farm­workers Based On Health Belief Model

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Factors associated with pesticide use behaviors among farmworkers based on health belief model

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