Faktor Risiko Tumor/kanker Rongga Mulut dan Tenggorokan di Indonesia (Analisis Riskesdas 2007)

Abstract

Latar belakang: Tumor/kanker rongga mulut ditemukan sekitar 2-5% dari seluruh keganasan. Angka kematiannya 2-3% dari seluruh kematian akibat keganasan. Tujuan: penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tumor/kanker rongga mulut dan tenggorokan di Indonesia. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Data diambil dari data individu Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007. Kasus adalah semua responden yang menderita tumor/kanker rongga mulut dan tenggorokan. Kontrol adalah responden yang tidak menderita tumor/kanker pada anggota tubuh lain. Perbandingan kasus dan kontrol adalah 1 : 4 yang dipadankan dengan kabupaten kasus. Hasil: Terdapat 203 kasus tumor/kanker rongga mulut dan tenggorokan (prevalensi 0,2‰), kontrol diambil sebanyak 802 orang. Jumlah kasus terbanyak terdapat di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Ada 5 provinsi yang tidak ditemukan adanya kasus yaitu Provinsi Jambi, Sulawesi Barat, Maluku Utara, Papua Barat dan Papua. Ditemukan OR suaian kelompok umur 11-20 tahun sebesar 2,5 dengan 95% CI 1,3-4,9 dibanding dengan umur 60 tahun atau lebih. Merokok/menyirih mempunyai OR suaian 1,6 dengan 95% CI 1,1-2,3 dibanding yang tidak merokok. Kebersihan mulut kurang mempunyai OR suaian 2,3 dengan 95% CI 1,4-3,9 dibanding dengan kebersihan mulut baik. Kesimpulan: Ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara umur, merokok/menyirih dan kebersihan mulut dengan tumor/kanker rongga mulut dan tenggorokan. Kata kunci: prevalensi, tumor/kanker, rongga mulut dan tenggorokan, Riskesdas 2007 Abstract Background: Globally, oral cancer is counted about 2-5% from all Malignancies. The death rate of the disease is about 2-3% from all cancer related mortalities. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence and risk factors of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in Indonesia. Method: Study design was case control. Data was retrieved from individual data of Indonesia Basic Health Research 2007. Cases were all respondents who suffered NPC. Controls were all respondents who did not suffer the disease. The proportion ratio between cases and controls was 1 : 4, and they were matched based on their regency (kabupaten). Result: There were 203 cases of NPC (prevalence was 0.2‰), and 802 controls were retrieved from the study population. The majority of NPC cases were found in Central Java Province. There were five provinces where none of cases was found; these provinces were: Jambi, West Sulawesi, North Maluku, West Papua and Papua. The adjusted OR of NPC for respondents aged 60 years or older was 2.5 (95% CI 1.3-4.9) higher than those aged 11-20 years. Smoking and betel nut chewing (menyirih) have an adjusted OR of NPC as much as 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.3) when never smoker became the reference class. And the adjusted OR of NPC for respondents with poor oral hygiene was 2.3 (95% CI 1.4-3.9) when respondents with good oral hygiene became the reference class. Conclussion: There was paralel and significant association between age, smoking and oral hygiene with NPC. Keywords: prevalence, cancer, oral and naso-pharyngeal. Basic Health Research 200