Woods, LM

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Woods, LM (2002) Circumstances in development and social class dif-ferences in adulthood depression: evidence from the National ChildDevelopment Survey (oral presentation). In: UNSPECIFIED.Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2121436/DOI:Usage GuidelinesPlease refer to usage guidelines at http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/policies.html or alterna-tively contact researchonline@lshtm.ac.uk.Available under license: Copyright the author(s)Laura WoodsMedical Demography MSc ProjectLondon School of  Hygiene & Tropical Medicine 2000-2001Circumstances in Development and Social Class Differences in Adulthood DepressionEvidence from the National Child Development StudyContextIncreasing Inequality of  mental health morbidity by Social Class Variation evident by AgeSexGeography Impact on primary care facilitiesSome Risk Factors...Low Birth WeightBottle-fed in infancyLower IQLack of  social or parental supportPoor quality housing in childhoodLow income or financial insecurityPoor physical healthLow educational achievementResearch QuestionWhich risk factors for depression during development influence the social class gradient of  depressive tendency in adulthood?Are class differences in risk factors a sufficient explanation?What are the most influential determinants of  poor mental health?National Child Development Study (NCDS, 1958 cohort)All those living in Great Britain born between 3rd-9th March 1958 (N=18,000)Data collected at birth, 7, 11, 16, 23, 33 & 42 years of  ageRich data on multiple aspects of  life at each ‘sweep’Malaise InventoryPopulation measurement of  ‘depressive tendency’Simple sum of  a 24 question inventory of  dichotomous questions (‘Yes’=1 ‘No=0’)Measured in NCDS at 23, 33 & 42Inventories with less than 21 responses not used, those with 22-24 responses treated for missing valuesDistribution051015202530350 4 8 12 16 20 24Malaise Score% of sampleAge 23Age 33Age 42Sex Differences051015202530350 4 8 12 16 20 24Malaise Score% SampleMalesFemalesClass & Age Variation1.522.533.544.520 25 30 35 40 45AgeMean Malaise ScoreIV&VIIImanualI, II &III nonmanualChanging depressive statesDepressed (D) or Not Depressed(N) at23   33   42%Grouped%Further %D   D   D 1.56 1.56D   D   N 0.73D   N   D 1.40N   D   D 1.843.96N   N   D 7.11N   D   N 1.64D   N   N 2.8711.6217.14N   N   N 82.86 82.86 82.86Total 100 100 100Regression Analysis - methodMultiple linear regression models fittedControl variables from infancy, childhood & adulthood Regressions initially performed on each separate age survey (23, 33, 42) Final regressions combined all survey inventories & adjusted additionally for ageRegression Analysis - controls ISexBirth weightBreastfeedingEthnicityParityFamily SizeGeographical RegionHousing Tenure (age 7, 11, 16)Regression Analysis - controls IICrowding (age 7, 11, 16)Health Abnormality (age 7, 16)Maths ability (age 7, 11, 16)Reading ability (age 7, 11, 16)Financial Hardship in family (age 11, 16)Parental divorce (up to ages 7, 11, 16)Geographical mobility (birth to 16)Parental interest in education (ages 7, 11, 16, both maternal & paternal)Regression Analysis - results ICrude Linear RegressionsSignificant increases in mean malaise score with SES (p<0.001)Malaise score increased by 0.51, 0.76 and 1.15 points for each respective SES groupSignificantly higher malaise among women (p<0.001)Regression Analysis - results IIAdjusted Linear RegressionsNon Significant differences in malaise scores between SES groups (p>0.05) Significantly higher malaise among women persists (p<0.001)Factors with most explanatory power include maths score, financial hardship & parental interest in educationConclusionsSignificant gradient with social classEpisodic in natureLarge and persistent gender differenceGradient can be eliminated by relatively few factors: thus differences can be explained by differentials in risk factors between SES groups Factors in infancy, childhood & adolescence all play a roleFor electronic versions of  full project please email laura.woods@lshtm.ac.uk

Circumstances in development and social class differences in adulthood depression: evidence from the National Child Development Survey (oral presentation)

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Circumstances in development and social class differences in adulthood depression: evidence from the National Child Development Survey (oral presentation)

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