Baker, E. T.

McLain, P.

Meinig, C.

Milburn, H.

Sharon, L. W.

English

Electronic Publication Information Center

PMEL Hydrothermal Plume Studies: MAPR http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/PlumeStudies/MAPRposter.html1 von 3 20.06.2007 19:57 Results from plume mapping along the superfast-spreading southern East Pacific Rise.The upper panel shows plumes mapped usingthe optical sensor (light-backscattering in terms of Nephelometric Turbidity Units , (NTU)on an array of MAPRs attached to the tow wireof the DSL 120A sidescan vehicle. Black lines show the individual MAPR paths above theseafloor (gray solid). Lower panel shows . MAPR: Mi nature Autonomous Plume Recorder The PMEL MAPR:Miniature Autonomous Plume RecorderEdward T. Baker and Sharon L. Walker, PMEL/OERDHugh Milburn, Patrick McLain, Christian Meinig,PMEL/EDDGoal:To increase opportunities for collecting hydrothermal plume data byhaving a simple, rugged, and inexpensive instrument that can bedeployed in conjunction with a variety of operations in the explorationof midocean ridge and volcanic arc systems.Description of the PMEL MAPR:The PMEL MAPR was designed to be an inexpensive, lightweight yetrugged, simple to use self-contained instrument for recordingtemperature, pressure, and optical data during a wide variety of seagoing operations.There are many cruises where geological or geophysical explorations and experimentsare conducted at midocean ridges. Plume data are not normally collected duringoperations such as rock cores, dredges, or deep-towed geophysicaland bottom imaging. We recognized that to take advantage of theseoperations we needed an instrument that was accurate enough to detecthydrothermal optical anomalies yet simple enough for untrainedresearchers to use as an ancillary program without detracting from the time or efforts of the main sampling programs.With such an instrument, our opportunities to collect hydrothermal plume datathrough collaborations with otherresearchers, and without the need for additionaldedicated technicians, could be expanded worldwide.The adaptable design of MAPRs allow them to beeasily attached to many types of wires or towedinstrument packages. Their small size makes them easy to handle and less likely to interfere with otherinstruments or wire configurations. Supportingsoftware has been developed to provides a point-and-click user interface for instrumentconfiguration and data recovery that assures MAPRsare reliable and simple to use. Since their introductionin 1996 [Baker and Milburn, 1997; Scheirer et al., 1998], PMEL MAPRs have been successfully deployedby PMEL and non-PMEL researchers at many locationsnot previously sampled for hydrothermal plumes. Specifications for constructing the MAPR pressure caseand internal hardware, and schematic drawings for the PMEL Hydrothermal Plume Studies: MAPR http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/PlumeStudies/MAPRposter.html2 von 3 20.06.2007 19:57plumes mapped using the same optical sensoron a CTD tow-yo (thin black sawtooth path).Both transects, which were acquired about 1 day apart, show similar plume structuresuggesting a seafloor source near 31°9'S.MAPR circuit board and sensor board, are available in theaccompanying engineering drawings. (pdf files) The map (above-left) shows the path of the midoceanridge system through Earth’s ocean basins. Red ellipses indicate locations whereMAPRs have been used by a variety of investigators to study the distribution ofhydrothermal plumes. As of 2006, MAPRs have been used in every ocean on morethan 40 cruises on research vessels from the USA, New Zealand, UK, Germany,France, Japan, and China. A selection of papers describing results from MAPR work islisted below. For example, Walker et al. [2004] showthat mapping hydrothermal plumes by attaching anarray of MAPRs along the tow wire of a deep-tow vehicle (see the cartoon left), such as the DSL 120Aside scan sonar, gives comparable results to thestandard plume-mapping technique of a CTD tow-yo transect (see image above-right).References:Bach, W., N.R. Banerjee, H.J.B. Dick, and E.T. Baker (2002): Discovery of ancientand active hydrothermal systems along the ultra-slow spreading Southwest IndianRidge 10–16°E. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., doi: 10.1029/2001GC000279.Baker, E.T., M.-H. Cormier, C.H. Langmuir, and K. Zavala (2001): Hydrothermalplumes along segments of contrasting magmatic influence, 15°20'–18°30'N, EastPacific Rise: Influence of axial faulting. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2, papernumber 2000GC000165, September 24, 2001.Baker, E.T., H.N. Edmonds, P.J. Michael, W. Bach, H.J.B. Dick, J.E. Snow, S.L.Walker, N.R. Banerjee, and C.H. Langmuir (2004): Hydrothermal venting in magmadeserts: The ultraslow-spreading Gakkel and South West Indian Ridges. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5(8), Q08002, doi: 10.1029/2004GC000712.Baker, E.T., G.J. Massoth, K. Nakamura, R.W. Embley, C.E.J. de Ronde, and R.J.Arculus (2005): Hydrothermal activity on near-arc sections of back-arc ridges:Results from the Mariana Trough and Lau Basin. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6(9), Q09001, doi: 10.1029/2005GC000948.Baker, E.T., and H.B. Milburn (1997): MAPR: A new instrument for hydrothermalplume mapping. RIDGE Events, 8(1), January 1997, 23–25.Baker, E.T., J.A. Resing, S.L. Walker, F. Martinez, B. Taylor, and K.-I. Nakamura(2006): Abundant hydrothermal venting along melt-rich and melt-free ridgesegments in the Lau back-arc basin. Geophys. Res. Lett. [In press].Devey, C.W., K.S. Lackschewitz, and E. Baker (2005): Hydrothermal and volcanicactivity found on the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union,86(22), 209, 212.Edmonds, H.N., P.J. Michael, E.T. Baker, D.P. Connelly, J.E. Snow, C.H. Langmuir,H.J.B. Dick, R. Mühe, D.W. German, and D.W. Graham (2003): Discovery ofabundant hydrothermal venting on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge in the ArcticOcean. Nature, 421, 252–256.German, C.R., E.T. Baker, C. Mevel, K. Tamaki, and FUJI Scientific Team (1998):Hydrothermal activity along the southwest Indian Ridge. Nature, 395(6701),490–493.German, C.R., R.A. Livermore, E.T. Baker, N.I. Bruguier, D.P. Connelly, A.P.PMEL Hydrothermal Plume Studies: MAPR http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/PlumeStudies/MAPRposter.html3 von 3 20.06.2007 19:57Cunningham, P. Morris, I.P. Rouse, P.J. Statham, and P.A. Tyler (2001):Hydrothermal plumes above the East Scotia Ridge: An isolated high-latitude back-arcspreading. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 184(1), 241–250.Johnson, K.T.M., D.W. Graham, K.H. Rubin, K. Nicolaysen, D.S. Scheirer, D.W.Forsyth, E.T. Baker, and L.M. Douglas-Priebe (2000): Boomerang Seamount: Theactive expression of the Amsterdam–St. Paul hotspot, Southeast Indian Ridge. EarthPlanet. Sci. Lett., 183, 245–259.Martinez, F., B. Taylor, E.T. Baker, J.A. Resing, and S.L. Walker (2006): Opposingtrends in crustal thickness and spreading rate along the back-arc Eastern LauSpreading Center: Controls on ridge morphology, faulting, and hydrothermal activity.Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. [In press].Scheirer, D.S., E.T. Baker, and K.T.M. Johnson (1998): Detection of hydrothermalplumes along the southeast Indian Ridge near the Amsterdam-St. Paul Plateau.Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(1), 97–100.Staudigel, H., S. Hart, A. Pile, B. Bailey, E. Baker, S. Brooke, D.P. Connelly, L.Haucke, C. German, I. Hudson, D. Jones, A. Koppers, J. Konter, R. Lee, T. Pietsch,B. Tebo, A. Templeton, R. Zierenberg, and C. Young (2006): Vailulu'u Seamount,Samoa: Life and death on an active submarine volcano. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. [Inpress].Walker, S.L., E.T. Baker, G.J. Massoth, and R.N. Hey (2004): Short-term variationsin the distribution of hydrothermal plumes along a superfast spreading center, EastPacific Rise, 27°30'-32°20'S . Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q12005, doi: 10.1029/2004GC000789.Vents Home Contacts/Credits Disclaimer Privacy PolicyDOC / NOAA / OAR / PMEL / Vents Program7600 Sand Point Way NEBuilding 3Seattle, WA 98115-6349Hatfield Marine Science Center2115 SE Oregon State University Dr.Newport, OR 97365email feedback

The PMEL MAPR: Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorder

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