ABREU JR. C. H.

ARMAS, E. D.

FALQUETO, M. A.

MESSIAS, T. G.

MONTEIRO, R. T. R.

QUEIROZ, S. C. do N. de

SANTOS, M. A. P. F.

English

ABREU JR., C. H.

RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal

Evaluation of herbicides and chemical elements and its relationships with bioassay toxicity of water and sediment of Corumbataí River, SP, Brazil.

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Regina T. R. Monteiro 1; Eduardo D. Armas 1 ; Tâmara G. Messias 1; M ilena A. Falqueto 1; Maria Alice P.F. Santos 1;Cássio H. Abreu Jr 1; Sonia C. N. Queiroz 21 Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura P.O.Box 96, P iracicaba, 13400-970,  São Paulo, Brazil2 CNPMA/ Embrapa, P.O.Box 69, Jaguariúna 13820-970 , São Paulo, BrazilAll sampled point had shown toxicity for all organisms tested. The herbicides seems to be the mainsource of toxicity for this organisms. The sediments had shown to be more toxic than watersamples.BLAISE, C. et al. 2000. Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 15: 352-359.BURTON JR, G.A. 1992. Sediment toxicity assessment. Lewis Publishers. 376p.FONSECA, A.L. e ROCHA, O. 2004. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 16(2): 153-161.HAMILTON, M.A. et al. 1977. Environ. Sci. and Tech., 11: 714-719. Correction, 1978. 12: 417.OECD. 1998. OECD Test Guidelines: Daphnia sp. , n. 202.RAND, G.M. et al. 1995. Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology, Taylor & Francis.TROTTIER, S. et al. 1997. Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality, 12: 265-271.U.S.EPA. 2000. EPA-600/R-99/064.INTRODUCTIONThe Corumbatai River watershed is of great socioeconomic importance, provisioning water to sevenmunicipal district of central part of Sao Paulo State. The basin is explored mainly by the culture ofsugarcane and composed of soils with different physicochemical characteristics and relief varying frommountainous to plan. A great concern appears around the environmental behavior of pesticides andfertilizers employed in this basin. The Corumbatai river basin and tributaries (Claro Stream, Passa CincoRiver and Cabeça River) extend over an area of 1,710 km2, about 170 km2 of extension. It is populatedand affected by domestic and industrial wastes, with about 80% of the taken water coming back aseffluents.METHODOLOGYOBJECTIVERESULTS CONCLUSIONBIBLIOGRAPHYACKNOWLEGMENTSWater samples were collected in the middle of the channel at the surface using a 10 L bucket.Dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and electric conductivity were measured in situ. Sediments sampleswere collected at the same time as water samples and transported refrigerated in plastic bags to thelab as recommended by USEPA (2000) and Burton (1992). Sampling were carried out every threemonths, from 2004 to 2006. The concentration of chemicals elements was determined by InductivelyCoupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the herbicides were determined by multiresiduesanalyses by CG/NPD and HPLC. The studied area, sampling points and sediment collection are shownin Fig. 1. The ecotoxicological tests were carried out as OECD (1998), Trottier et al. (1997), Blaise et al.(2000) and Fonseca and Rocha (2004). The sediments were used as elutriate from 1:4 sediment/water(w/w) mixture being tested organisms exposed to 100%, 75%,50%, 25 and 12.5% of elutriate and theresults expressed as CL50 (48h) for Daphnia, CE50 (96) for Hydra, CL50 (72h) to algae (Fig. 2)Figura 2. (A)  Daphnia magna; (B) Hydra attenuata; (C)  Pseudokirchneriella subcapitataFig. 1. The Corumbatai River basin and the sampling pointsTo FAPESP Project: Políticas Públicas Rio Corumbataí (01/02954-4) and  to CNPq for the grants.With the purpose of identifying the relationships of water and sediment toxicity along the river basin,ecotoxicological tests with aquatic organisms of different trophic levels such as: Hydra attenuata,Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were correlated with chemical elements andherbicide residue analyses.For eight sampling times, every three month in different season of the year, from nov. 2004 to sep.2006, the pH ranged from 6 to 7.5, with exception for Analândia point in dez. 2005, with a acidiccondition (pH 4). Water physical and chemical quality harshly decreased after Rio Claro city. The D.O.(mg L-1), electric conductivity (μS cm-1), BOD and Turbidity are shown at Fig. 3. This values as BOD,nitrogen, phosphorus, total solids had shown a sharp increased showing the domestic sewage loadingat point 6 and 7.Water samples did not severally affected Daphnia population, on the other side, sediments sampleswere more toxic than water in all points sampled and for all organisms tested. Hydra (Fig.5), was moresensitive than Daphnia and less sensitive than Pseudokirchneriella (Fig. 6).The dissolved chemical elements Al, Fe and the total Hg, Mn and Cd were in discordance with thelegislation for drinking water, and the sediments did not show high concentration of elements. Table 1shows the range of the total chemical elements determined in the water samples, in the seven pointsalong Corumbatai River, in the period of 05-06.The herbicide analyses residues of water sample showed mainly triazines and picloran, clomazone,hexazinone and glyphosate were present seasonally in some points (Fig.7).Fig. 4. CL50(48h) Daphnia magna, (A) water samples(B), sedimentsFig. 3. Dissolved Oxygen, electric conductivity, DBO and  turbidityFig. 5. CL50(96h) Hydra attenuata (A) water samples(B), sedimentsFig. 6. CL50 (72h) P. subcaptata, (A) water samples(B), sedimentsFig.7. Media of triazines residues of water samples during the 2005 period. 024681012AnalandiaCorumbataiRio ClaroRio ClaroClaro StreamAssistenciaPassa CincoPiracicabaug L-1simazinatrazinametrynTable 1. Total Chemical Elements in water sample colleted in set/05 to set/06       (**mg L-1), (*µg L-1)Teores totais set/05 dez/05 jun/06 set/06Na ** 1,82-13 0,79-15 0,60-20 0,75-12Mg ** 0,67-3,0 0,70-5,4 0,60-3,6 0,69-3,6Al ** 0,35-2,2 0,15-3,3 0,22-0,51 0,25-5,5K ** 1,2-3,8 1,2-3,8 0,93-3,0 1,5-3,7Ca ** 1,2-6,7 1,2-8,6 0,99-7,9 2,0-13Cr * 0,21-2,1 0,02-2,2 0,008-0,47 0,40-5,1Mn * 0,04-0,15 0,05-0,14 0,03-0,10 0,05-0,20Fe ** 1,0-3,4 1,31-4,9 0,75-2,3 1,3-5,6Ni * 0,6-1,8 0,36-1,8 0,01-0,75 0,4-3,7Cu * 2,0-4,1 0,32-4,3 0,30-6,3 0,07-9,1Zn * 3,5-39 0,08-46 2,5-12 0,73-56As * 2,0-4,5 0,03-1,2 0,03-0,4 0,2-1,3Cd * 0,06-0,15 0,03-1,0 0,008-0,14 0,06-0,20Ba * 71-94 46-68 37-48 42-71Hg * 0,13-0,21 0,13-0,31 0,07-0,53 0,12-0,70Pb * <0,021 <0,021 0,009-0,78 0,10-6,6Ecologia AplicadaEVALUATION OF HERBICIDES AND CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH  BIOASSAY  TOXICITY  OF  WATER  AND  SEDIMENT  OF  CORUMBATAI  RIVER, SP, BRAZIL RESULTS 

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Evaluation of herbicides and chemical elements and its relationships with bioassay toxicity of water and sediment of Corumbataí River, SP, Brazil.

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