ABREU, L. S. de

LAMINE, C.

English

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222 Theme 4: The Sciences afThe Rural From local to global: Mapping alternative agricultures' networks Christian Deverre INRA, Ecodeveloppemem, France Most movements and .organizations claiming for designing sustainable farming systems stress on the nee'd break otTthe homogenization of industrial agricultural practices and to steadily take into account local to vironmental, social and economic conditions. Rural sociology studies therefore are increasingly ~nCt1sing on local innovation processes and community initiatives such as local agri-food systems. In the o eantime, seeking scientific and socia! legitimacies as well as financial support, many of these :ovements are organizing themselves through networks whose extension often reaches the international level. I The paper ~resents several cases of such networks ("ecoagriculture", permaculture, agro-ology ... ), including heterogeneous actors like farmers' organizations, communities, scientific and eC tension institutions, financing bodies, public services. It afterwards intends to characterize the e:nrrasted features of It heir expansion, basing on the concept of "dis posit if' according to Michel Foucault. ~ oints out the factJhat these differences are not significantly based on opposite scientific approaches (~y have a commo interest on soil biology, biological control of fertility and pests, sober use of local taral resources ... ), out rather on the way they establish links between selected actors and specific social nad political goals (Juch as poverty reduction and nature protection, autonomy and resistance to the an rn"rate system, conkervation ofloeal resources and local food traditions ... ). CO'J"" ! compared trajectories of agro-ecology in Brazil and France: The role of scientists and social movements Claire Lamine INRA, France 1ucimar de Abreu Santiago Embrapa, Brasil I Brazil, various forms of "alternative agricultures", aimed at opposing the modem technological ~danis and their impacts in terms of socml exclusion for small sized family fanus, and supported by ~GOS from the 1970s on, progressively gathered under the denomination of agro-ecology, in a context here certified and institutionalised organic agriculture was not very present at the scale of the country. ~ France, several socia! and professional movements started quite recently to put agro-e\:ology on the :Oreground. in a conte;xt where. as opposed to Brazil, certified and institutionalised organic agriculture is tLite strUctured. Our analysis of the Brazilian case is focused on the interactions between scientists, social q "'''''rnents and polid makers, analysed through the study of a dozen key actors' trajectories which show !Ilv'" I • • hoW some persons w~nt from a strong Involvement III NGOs (from the 1970s to the 1990s) towards articipation in the construction of new public policies (from 2003 on), and often turned to research in P riler to legitimate their position. Meanwhile some public researchers turned to more participative o lhods and sometimes also to policy making, while others deal with agrc-ecology in a more classical !Il:y in their own discipline. Such interactions and distinct trajectories ger_erate competing versions of w!IfO_eeology which \lfe will distmguisb on the basis of three main aspects: the conceptions of technical a", nsitions, the type o~ farmers that are aimed at, and the relationships to the market and to the consumers. ~ese differences, wpich can be related to both competing theoretical sources and specific socio-rofessional trajectories, could help analysing the c~e .of a&:.o-ecology in France in the next step of our p !Il!llon research program. We would study the apparition of agro-ecology- which seems more recent, C~cept for a few pioneers - in two contrasted contexts: alternative food networks involving producers and eonsumers, partly as the result of a strong criticism of institutionalised organic agriculture, and ~ustainable agriculture movements based on more mainstream farms and productions such as arable crops. 

Compared trajectories of agro-ecology in Brazil and France: The role of scientists and social movements.

https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/bitstream/doc/579356/1/2009RA09.pdf

Compared trajectories of agro-ecology in Brazil and France: The role of scientists and social movements.

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