Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T10:29:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
PubVet2014Costa1792.pdf: 109525 bytes, checksum: 7b3ae7cd42de54caebe3a13d7f9cd561 (MD5)
  Previous issue date: 2015-03-0

COSTA, N. de L.

MAGALHÃES, J. A.

NASCIMENTO, L. E. da S.

PAULINO, V. T.

RODRIGUES, M. J. A.

LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides.

Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa

COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.    PUBVET, Publicações em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia.  Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides  Newton de Lucena Costa1, Valdinei Tadeu Paulino2, João Avelar Magalhães3, Lucia Elenícia da Silva Nascimento4, Maria Jucineide Aguiar Rodrigues5  1Eng. Agr., D.Sc., Pesquisador da Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, RR. 2Eng. Agr., D.Sc., APTA, Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, SP. 3Méd. Vet., D.Sc., Pesquisador da Embrapa Meio-Norte, Parnaíba, PI. 4Especialista em Gestão Ambiental e Ecoturismo, Parnaíba, PI. 5Graduanda em Biologia da UFPI, Parnaíba, Piauí  Abstract The effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi species (Acaulospora muricata, Scutellospora heterogama and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of P (0 and 22 mg P/kg) on dry matter (DM) yield, nodulation, and N and P uptake of Ccodariocalyx gyroides CIAT-3001 were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, utilizing a Yellow Latosol (Oxisol), clayey, previously sterilized. All parameters measured were increased by AM inoculation and P fertilization. There are differences among the species of mycorrhizal fungi in their ability to stimulate growth depending on the P level applied. However, the mycorrhizal effects were improved by the phosphate addition. In the absence of phosphate fertilization, no significative differences were found among AM fungi species, COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.   however, AM inoculation increased the DM yields about 58 to 127% in relation to control. In presence of P, plants inoculated with G. margarita or S. heterogama recorded the higher DM yields. AM inoculation significantly improved (P=0.05) the P contents. In the presence of phosphate, maximum P concentrations occurred with the inoculation of .A. muricata and S. heterogama, while without P addition the fungi more effectives were G. margarita and A. muricata. In relation to P uptake, the higher values were observed with the inoculation of S. heterogama and G. margarita in the presence of P addition, however there were no differences among mycorrhizal fungi without phosphate fertilization. P application slightly increased colonization rates. The highest percentage was obtained with the inoculation of S. heterogama and A. muricata, irrespective of P level. AM inoculation had a significant (P=0.05) positive effect on the nodulation (number and weight of nodules) and N content. The level of response was greater with P fertilization. These data showed that mycorrhizal inoculation of C. gyroides with S. heterogama or G. margarita when combined with a sufficiently low application of soluble phosphate had potential as an economic way to increase the productivity of pastures on P-deficient soils. Index terms: dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, root colonization   Efeitos da inoculação de micorrizas arbusculares e fertilização fosfatada sobre a produção e composição química da forragem de Codariocalyx gyroides  Resumo Os efeitos da inoculação de micorrizas arbusculares - MA (Acaulospora muricata, Scutellospora heterogama e Gigaspora margarita) e de níveis de P (0 e 22 mg P/kg de solo) sobro o rendimento de matéria seca (MS),  nodulação e absorção de nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P) de Codariocalyx gyroides CIAT-3001 foram avaliados em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se um Latossolo Amarelo, argiloso, previamente esterilizado. Todos os parâmetros avaliados foram COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.   incrementados pela inoculação de MA e adubação fosfatada. Existem diferenças entre as espécies de MA em sua capacidade de estimular o crescimento da leguminosa, em função do nível de P aplicado. No entanto, os efeitos de micorrização foram maximizados com a adição de P. Na ausência de adubação fosfatada, não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre as espécies de MA, no entanto, a inoculação promoveu acréscimos entre 58 e 127% no rendimento de MS, em relação ao tratamento controle. Na presença de P, as plantas inoculadas com G. margarita ou S. heterogama apresentaram os maiores rendimentos de MS. A inoculação de MA afetou significativamente (P<0,05) os teores de P. Na presença de fosfato, as concentrações máximas de P ocorreram com a inoculação de A. muricata e S. heterogama, enquanto que na ausência de P os fungos mais efetivos foram G. margarita e A. muricata. Em relação à absorção de P, os valores mais elevados foram observados com a inoculação de S. heterogama e G. margarita na presença de P, não ocorrendo diferenças (P>0,05) entre os fungos micorrízicos sem adubação fosfatada. A aplicação de P aumentou ligeiramente as taxas de colonização. Os maiores percentuais foram obtidos com a inoculação de S. heterogama e A. muricata, independentemente do nível de P. A inoculação de MA proporcionou efeito positivo e significativo (P<0,05) sobre a nodulação (número e peso seco de nódulos) e conteúdo de N, sendo o nível de resposta maior com a adição de P. A inoculação de C. gyroides com S. heterogama ou G. margarita, combinada com a aplicação de doses moderadas de fosfato solúvel, potencializa a produtividade das pastagens em solos com baixos teores de P. Termos para indexação: matéria seca, nitrogênio, fósforo, colonização de raízes  Introduction There are several factors which determine the low animal performance in the tropics. Among these factors, inadequate plant nutrition is the most limiting, followed by the low natural fertility and high acidity of the soils in COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.   these regions. Phosphorus deficiency is probably the major limitation to the growth of forage legumes, which have a high P requirement for establishment, optimum growth, nodule formation, and nitrogen fixation (Costa et al., 2012). However, P fertilization practices are restricted by poor infrastructure for P fertilizer distribution and the high P fixing capacity of tropical soils. A possible mechanism for maximizing fertilizer efficiency is the improved use of the mycorrhizal plant symbiosis (Howeler and Sierverding, 1982). In this symbiotic association the fungus uses carbohydrates produced by the plant and benefits the plant with increased uptake of P and others nutrients through external hyphae extending from the root surface into the soil (Mosse, 1981).  The Southeast Asian shrub legume, Codariocalyx gyroides is well adapted to acid, low fertility and poor drainage soils. Has high forage potential yield and appropriate chemical composition: crude protein (15.11%), neutral detergent fiber (47.91%), acid detergent fiber (31.78%), ether extract (2.74) and ash (7.22%) (Nasrullah et al., 2003). The present study assessed the effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungi species (Acaulospora muricata, Scutellospora heterogama and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of P (0 and 22 mg P/kg) on dry matter (DM) yield, nodulation, and N and P uptake of Codariocalyx gyroides CIAT-3001.  Material and Methods The trial was conducted under greenhouse conditions using a P-deficient (2 mg/kg available P by NH4F + HCl extraction) Yellow Latosol (Oxisol), clayey soil of pH 5.5. The soil was sterilized at 110oC for one hour each day for three days and reinoculated with a soil microbial suspension free of mycorrhizal fungi spores.  The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial, complete randomized blocks, with three replications. Each experimental unit was represented by a pot with a 3.0 kg dry soil capacity. For treatments with P, triple superphosphate at the rate of 22 mg P/kg was added to the soil and mixed COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.   thoroughly. Seeds for sowing were inoculated with specific Rhizobium (cowpea group). Hydric control was achieved daily by weighing the pots and keeping soil at 80% field moisture capacity.  Six days after emergence, seedlings were thinned to three plants per pot. At 130 days after thinning, the plants were cut at soil level and oven dried at 65oC for 72 hours. N and P concentrations of above-ground DM were determined. The nodules were detached from the roots, cleaned, oven dried at 65oC for 72 hours, counted, and weighted. AM root colonization was determined by the gridline intersect method (Giovannetti and Mosse, 1970) after root segments were stained (Phillips and Hayman, 1970).  Results and Discussion All parameters measured were increased by AM inoculation and P fertilization. There are differences among the species of mycorrhizal fungi in their ability to stimulate growth depending on the P level applied. However, the mycorrhizal effects were improved by the phosphate addition. In the absence of phosphate fertilization, no significative differences were found among AM fungi species, however, AM inoculation increased the DM yields about 58 to 127% in relation to control. In presence of P, plants inoculated with G. margarita or S. heterogama recorded the higher DM yields (Table 1). According to Abbott and Robson (1977) and Shockley et al. (2004) small amounts of P applied with AM inoculation give greater benefit to the plant than either inoculation or P application alone, because the P concentration in tropical soil may be so low that AM cannot develop extensively. Plants that did not receive mycorrhizal treatments showed a positive response (104%) to phosphate fertilization compared to the control.   COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.   Table 1. Effect of AM inoculation and phosphate fertilization on dry matter (DM) yields, P contents and uptake and AM colonization of Codariocalyx gyroides CIAT-3001. Treatments DM yield Phosphorus AM colonization  (g/pot) % mg/pot % Control 3.54 d 0.098 e 3.47 e -- S. heterogama (M1) 8.04 bc 0.116 d 9.32 cd 52 G. margarita (M2) 7.33 bc 0.152 bc 11.14 cd 48 A. muricata (M3) 5.61 cd 0.145 c 8.13 d 59      M1 + 22 mg P/kg 11.73 a 0.160 abc 18.77 a 56 M2 + 22 mg P/kg 12.48 a 0.149 c 18.60 ab 53 M3 + 22 mg P/kg 9.11 b 0.171 a 15.58 b 64      22 mg P/kg 7.23 bc 0.168 ab 12.14 c -- - Means followed by the same letter in each column are not significantly differed at 5% probability by Duncan´s test  AM inoculation significantly improved (P=0.05) the P contents. In the presence of phosphate, maximum P concentrations occurred with the inoculation of A. muricata and S. heterogama, while without P addition the fungi more effectives were G. margarita and A. muricata. In relation to P uptake, the higher values were observed with the inoculation of S. heterogama and G. margarita in the presence of P addition, however there were no differences among mycorrhizal fungi without phosphate fertilization. P application slightly increased colonization rates (Table 1). The highest percentage was obtained with the inoculation of S. heterogama and A. muricata, irrespective of P level. Similarly, Manjunath and Bagyaraj (1984) and Costa et al. (1987) reported that mycorrhizal infection of pigeon pea and leucaena, respectively, was not inhibited by the application of 22 kg P/ha. Carneiro et al. (2011) showed that P fertilization and AM inoculation positively influence the forage production and cumulative quantities, especially CP, P, K, Ca, and Mg, of Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão. Inoculation with Glomus clarum in soil under natural microbial condition and low phosphorus supply, promotes increased legume participation in the pasture, however the AM inoculation inhibits the participation of legume at high levels of phosphorus. COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.   Data on N contents and uptake and nodulation are presented in Table 2. AM inoculation had a significant (P=0.05) positive effect on the nodulation (number and weight of nodules) and N content. The level of response was greater with P fertilization. In relation to N content, the fungus more effective was A. muricata, independently of P level. The decline in N content for inoculated plants may due to dilution effect resulting from higher DM accumulation. In the absence of phosphate, plants inoculated with S. heterogama and G. margarita recorded higher N uptake, while with P addition no significative differences (P=0.05) were found among AM fungi species. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased nodulation compared with the uninoculated plants, mainly in the presence of P addition. In general, AM fungi species showed a similar performance. Nodulation by Rhizobium depends on adequate mycorrhization or available P supply, therefore AM can have important effects on nodulation and N-fixation in forage legumes (Jalonen et al., 2013). According to Munns and Mosse (1980) the main effect of AM on nodulation and N uptake is undoubtedly P-mediated, it is also known to aid other processes involved in nodulation and N-fixation such as supply of photosynthates, trace elements or plant hormones.  Table 2. Effect of AM inoculation and phosphate fertilization on N contents and uptake and nodulation of Codariocalyx gyroides CIAT-3001. Treatments Nitrogen Nodulation  % mg/pot number1 dry weight (mg/pot) Control 2.48 cd 87.8 e 6.5 d 0.397 f S. heterogama (M1) 2.06 e 165.6 c 10.2 c 0.648 e G. margarita (M2) 2.34 de 171.5 cd 12.8 bc 0.755 de A. muricata (M3) 2.72 bc 152.6 d 16.0 b 0.819 de      M1 + 22 mg P/kg 2.19 de 256.9 ab 22.4 a 1.136 bc M2 + 22 mg P/kg 2.22 de 277.0 a 20.7 a 1.278 a M3 + 22 mg P/kg 3.10 a 282.4 a 19.5 ab 1.161 ab      22 mg P/kg 2.87 ab 207.5 bc 13.7 bc 0.946 cd - Means followed by the same letter in each column are not significantly differed at 5% probability by Duncan´s test 1 - Values analyzed after square root of (X + 1) transformation.  COSTA, N.L., et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 8, N. 20, Ed. 269, Art. 1792, Outubro, 2014.   Conclusion These data showed that mycorrhizal inoculation of Codariocalyx gyroides with S. heterogama or G. margarita when combined with a sufficiently low application of soluble phosphate had potential as an economic way to increase the productivity of pastures on P-deficient soils.  References ABBOTT, L.K.; ROBSON, A.D. Growth stimulation of subterraneum clover with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Australia Journal of Agriculture Research, v.28, p.639-649, 1977. CARNEIRO, R.F.V.; MARTINS, M.A; ARAÚJO, A.S.F.; NUNES, L.A.P. Inoculação micorrízica arbuscular e adubação fosfatada no cultivo de forrageiras consorciadas. Archivos de Zootecnia, v.60, n.232, p.111-121, 2011. COSTA, N. de L.; DIONÍSIO, J.A.; ANGHINONI, I. Efeito da inoculação de fungos endomicorrízicos e de fontes de fósforo sobre o crescimento do capim-sudão e da leucena. Agronomia Sulriograndense, v.23, n.1, p.65-76, 1987. COSTA, N. de L.; PAULINO, V.T.; COSTA, R.S.C.; TOWNSEND, C.R.; GOMES, R.G.A.; MAGALHÃES, J.A. Efeito de micorrizas arbusculares sobre o crescimento e nutrição mineral de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. Ciência Animal Brasileira, v.13, n.4, p.406-411, 2012.   GIOVANNETTI, M.; MOSSE, B. An evaluation of technique for measuring vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist, v.84, p.489-500, 1980. HOWELER, R.H.; SIEVERDING, E. La importancia de las micorrizas en la absorción de fosforo por la yuca. Suelos Ecuatoriales, v.12, p.183-195, 1982. JALONEN, R.; TIMONEN, S.; SIERRA, J.; NYGREN, P. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses in a cut-and-carry forage production system of legume tree Gliricidia sepium and fodder grass Dichanthium aristatum. Agroforestry Systems, v.87, n.2, p.319-330, 2013. MANJUNATH, A.; BAGYARAJ, D.J. Response of pigeonpea and cowpea to phosphate and dual inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorriza and Rhizobium. Tropical Agriculture, v.61, p.48-52, 1984. MOSSE, B. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza research for tropical agriculture. Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. University of Hawaii, Research Bulletin, nº 194. 1981. 82p. MUNNS, D.N.; MOSSE, B. Mineral nutrition of legumes crops. In: SUMMERFIELD, R.J.; BUNTING, A.H. (Eds.). Advances in legumes science. Reading, United Kingdom. University of Reading Press. p.115-125. 1980. NASRULLAH, N.; AKASHI, M.; KAWAMURA, R.O. Nutritive evaluation of forage plants in South Sulaweshi, Indonesia. Asia-Astralia Journal of Animal Science, v.16, p.693-701, 2003. PHILLIPS, J.M.; HAYMAN, D.S. Improved procedures for clearing and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessement of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, v.55, n.1, p.158-161, 1970. SHOCKLEY, F.W.; McGRAW, R.L.; GARRETT, H.E. Growth and nutrient concentration of two native forage legumes inoculated with Rhizobium and Mycorrhiza in Missouri, USA. Agroforestry Systems, v.20, n.2, p.137-142, 2004. 

http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/bitstream/doc/1010610/1/PubVet2014Costa1792.pdf

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition of Codariocalyx gyroides.

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas

Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa