The present study was undertaken to establish if biostimulants diferently extracted from vermicompost causes root development and how mineral nutrients and plant growth substances are associated to diferent extraction methods

CAIXETA, L. S.

LIMA, C. E. P.

NEVES, R. de A.

ZANDONADI, D. B.

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,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWL¿F&HQWUHRI)HUWLOL]HUV&,(&Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2014PROCEEDINGS9LQLFLXVGH0HOR%HQLWHV$GLOVRQGH2OLYHLUD-XQLRU3DXOR6HUJLR3DYLQDWR3DXOR&pVDU7HL[HLUD0LOWRQ)HUUHLUD0RUDHV5HJLQD0DULD9LOODV%{DVGH&DPSRV/HLWH5RQDOGR3HUHLUDGH2OLYHLUDEditorsTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE TROPICAL AGRICULTUREOctober 20-24, 2014Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil16th World Fertilizer Congress of CIEC25638Introduction The use of so-called biostimulants in agri-culture has been increasing in recent years. Types of biostimulants comprise amino acids, humic sub-stances, algae extracts, microbial -based products DQG RWKHUV 3DUDGLNRYL HW DO  (UWDQL HW DO2013). The conversion of organic wastes into valu-able earthworm fertilizer either in solid as in liquid form is a interesting alternative path for organic fer-tilizer production (Zandonadi & Busato, 2012). In fact, it was showed that 36,500 tonnes of waste can be transformed per year in vermicompost by an economic and environmental-friendly technique (Quintern et al., 2013). Agro-industrial residues should to be considered as source of nutrients and plant growth regulators for use as alternative fertiliz-ers or fertilizers additives. The present study was undertaken to establish if biostimulants differently extracted from vermicompost causes root development and how mineral nutrients and plant growth substances are associated to different extraction methods.Methods The biostimulants from vermicompost were isolated as follows: 1. vermicompost leachate (VL), DQDWXUDOOHDFKDWHIURPZRUPEHGYHUPLFRPSRVWwater extract (1:10, vermicompost:water, TEA) DQG  YHUPLFRPSRVW DONDOLQH H[WUDFW vermicompost:0,1 NaOH mol.L-1, HUM). Mineral nutrients, humic substances, indole 3-acetic acid and indolic compounds were analysed by means of inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, ,+66-fractionation, high-performance liquid chromatograph and simple spectroscopy methods, respectively. After germination romaine lettuce (/DFWXFD VDWLYD cv Parris Island) seedlings was exposed to 25% (v:v) VL, TEA and HUM in the presence or not of half strength Hoagland’s solution, totalling eight treatments during 14 days. Afterwards, seedlings were collected and lateral root number, root area and primary root length were analysed by ImageJTM software. In adittion, protons extrusion was measured LQ YLYR in roots either by means of bromocresol purple gels  as pH electrodes as described in Zandonadi et al. (2010). Root growth parameters data were analyzed using ANOVA or two-way ANOVA followed by Dunett or Bonferroni tests, respectively. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and factor analysis were used as multivariate exploratory techniques in order to comprehend the relation of 17 variables, including mineral nutrients, auxins, humic substances and lateral root number. 7KH 3HDUVRQ FRUUHODWLRQ FRHI¿FLHQW ZDV DOVRdetermined following the multivariate analysis.Results and discussion The factor analysis has showed that fac-tor 1 explain 67.82% of data variance and presents KLJKHUFRUUHODWLRQZLWKODWHUDOURRWQXPEHU13.Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, humic substances, fulvic ac-ids and humic acids. Factor 2 explains 19.86% of data variance and is more related to Mg and Mn. The conjoined analysis of the two factors satisfac-tory explains 87.68% of data variance. Both PCA DQG3HDUVRQFRUUHODWLRQFRHI¿FLHQWRIYDULDEOHVKDVshowed that lateral root number is highly related to IXOYLFDFLGV,$$LQGROLFFRPSRXQGVDQG.)LJThe projection of the case on the factor plane has showed that TEA and HUM could be grouped un-der the 17 variables analyzed (Fig. 1). On the other hand, CON and VL are isolated and non-grouped. In accordance with the nature of vermicompost treatments, both TEA and HUM vermicompost ex-tracts were grouped. The increase in the activity of H+ pumps and in the root growth has been associated with expo-VXUHRISODQWVWRSXUL¿HGKXPLFDFLGVLVRODWHGIURPvermicompost, auxin and nitric oxide (Zandonadi et al., 2010). In agreement with these results, data VERMICOMPOST BIOSTIMULANTS: NUTRIENTS AND AUXIN FOR ROOT GROWTHLISANNE SANTOS CAIXETA1, RAFAELA DE ASSIS NEVES1, CARLOS EDUARDO PACHECO LIMA2, DANIEL BASÍLIO ZANDONADI11 /DERUDWyULRGH%LRORJLD&HOXODU5RGRYLD%5.P%UDVtOLD$QiSROLV)D]HQGD7DPDQGXi&DL[D3RVWDO%UDVtOLD%5$=,/OVFDL[HWD#JPDLOFRPUDIDBDVVLVBQHYHV#KRWPDLOFRPGDQLHO]DQGRQDGL#HPEUDSDEU2 /DERUDWyULRGH)HUWLOLGDGHGRVROR5RGRYLD%5.P%UDVtOLD$QiSROLV)D]HQGD7DPDQGXi&DL[D3RVWDO%UDVtOLDBRAZIL (daniel.zandonadi@embrapa.br)257presented herein shows that vermicompost extracts (TEA and HUM) and leachate (VL) enhance lateral root number, root area and primary root length (Fig 2). These treatments are complex biostimulants solutions, since are composed by nutrients and organic matter, which has IAA (Fig 1.) and other plant growth regulators. In fact, lateral root num-ber was associated with fulvic acids, IAA, indolic compounds and potassium. Accordingly, potassium is a very important nutrient for auxin-induced acid growth (Hager, 2003). In adittion here the net pro-WRQÀX[PHDVXUHGLQYLYR was higher in lettuce roots treated with vermicompost biostimulants (data not shown) as compared to control plants in the pres-ence of only half strength Hoagland’s solution. The presence of IAA in VL, TEA and HUM may account IRUWKHJUHDWHUHIIHFWRQERWKUL]RVSKHUHDFLGL¿FDWLRQcapacity and root growth. However, we cannot exclude that other compounds not detected here also could be also associated with the stimulant activity observed. Among the three biostimulants developed, the water-soluble extracted is the most simple to formulate. Since TEA has both nutrients and plant growth regulators it is a promising product since its already in use by small farmers in Brazil. Overall the data presented demonstrate that vermicompost-derived biostimulants might be interesting fertilizers, due its chemical composition and effects on plant growth. It remains to be identi-¿HGRWKHUSODQWJURZWKPROHFXOHVOLNHO\DVVRFLDWHGto the stimulant activity, and expands the analyzes performed here to industrial scale vermicomposting products.Conclusions Data presented demonstrate that ver-micompost-derived biostimulants are very interest-ing organic fertilizers, since contains plenty nutri-ents and additionally auxins, thereby affecting both URRW DFLGL¿FDWLRQ DQG JURZWK:KHWKHU RWKHU SODQWgrowth molecules are associated to biostimulants HIIHFWVUHPDLQVWREHFODUL¿HG.H\ZRUGV9HUPLFRPSRVWLQJ$73DVHLQGROLFFRP-pounds, acid-growthAcknowledgements:HJUDWHIXOO\DFNQRZOHGJHWKH¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWRIthe National Counsel of Technological and Scien-WL¿F'HYHORSPHQW&13TReferencesErtani, A., Nardi, S., Altissimo, A., & Associato, L. S. (2013). Review: Long-Term Research Activity on the Biostimulant Properties of Natural Origin Com-pounds. Acta Hort. 1009, ISHS, 181-188.Hager, A. (2003). Role of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in auxin-induced elongation growth: his-torical and new aspects. Journal of plant research, 116(6), 483-505.3DUDGLNRYLF19LQNRYLF79LQNRYLF9UFHN,=XQWDU,%RMLF00HGLFVDULF0(IIHFWRIQDWXUDOELRVWLPX-lants on yield and nutritional quality: an example of sweet yellow pepper (&DSVLFXPDQQXXP L.) plants. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91: 2146-2152. 2011. Quintern, M., Seaton, B., Mercer, E. D., & Milli-champ, P. (2013). Industrial scale vermicomposting of pulp and paper mill solids with municipal biosol-ids and DAF sludge from dairy industries. $33,7$-2851$/, 66(4), 290-295. =DQGRQDGL '% %XVDWR -* 9HUPLFRPSRVW KXPLFsubstances: technology for converting pollution into plant growth regulators. IJESER 3: 73-84. 2012.=DQGRQDGL '% 6DQWRV 03 'REEVV /% 2OLYDUHV)/ &DQHOODV /3 %LQ]HO 0/ 2NRURNRYD)DoDQKD$/)DoDQKD$5Nitric oxide mediates humic acids-induced root development and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation. Planta 231: 1025-1036 2010.Posters | Section  8 | Organic based fertilizers16th World Fertilizer Congress of CIEC258Figure 1. Left ordination diagram shows the projection of the normalized factor coordinates of 17 variables obtained by Principal components analysis (PCA). The treatment of overall data by PCA indicated a clear separation of control (CON) and vermicompost leachate (VL) treatments (right). Both vermicompost extracts (TEA and HUM) were grouped.Figure 2. Lateral root number, root area and primary root lenght. Seedlings were treated or not (CON) for 10 days with VL, TEA and HUM in the absence (white) or presence (black) of half strength Hoagland’s solution. The asterisk (*) indicates difference between treatments (VL, TEA and HUM) compared to control in the absence (white) or presence (black) of nutrient solution, according to the 'XQQHWWWHVW37KHWUDFHGHQRWHVWKHGLIIHUHQFHUHSUHVHQWVDPLQLPDOVLJQL¿FDQWOHYHOIRUHIIHFWVRIQXWULHQWVROXWLRQ3  

Vermicompost biostimulants: nutrients and auxin for root growth.

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