The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of granulated organic-mineral fertilizers enriched with K solubilizing microorganisms in the cultivation of millet in a greenhouse test

GOMES, E. A.

MARRIEL, I. E.

MARTINS, E. de S.

OLIVEIRA, A. C. de

PAIVA, C. A. de O.

POLIDORO, J. C.

SANTOS, F. C. dos

Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa

,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWL¿F&HQWUHRI)HUWLOL]HUV&,(&Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2014PROCEEDINGS9LQLFLXVGH0HOR%HQLWHV$GLOVRQGH2OLYHLUD-XQLRU3DXOR6HUJLR3DYLQDWR3DXOR&pVDU7HL[HLUD0LOWRQ)HUUHLUD0RUDHV5HJLQD0DULD9LOODV%{DVGH&DPSRV/HLWH5RQDOGR3HUHLUDGH2OLYHLUDEditorsTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION FOR A SUSTAINABLE TROPICAL AGRICULTUREOctober 20-24, 2014Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil16th World Fertilizer Congress of CIEC338Introduction  3RWDVVLXP . LV DQ HVVHQWLDOPDFURQXWUL-ent for plants, performing important functions such as activation of several enzyme systems, osmotic regulation, plant resistance to diseases and pests, DPRQJRWKHUV,QIHUWLOLW\PDQDJHPHQWSURJUDPV.is a nutrient that can not be overlooked because it is closely related to obtaining high crop yields, and it is the second element absorbed by plants in larger quantities, only behind nitrogen (Marschner, 1997). Thus, the demand for potash fertilizers in the Brazilian agriculture is high and the availability in the market is almost entirely from soluble sources such as chloride and potassium sulfate. However, almost all of this demand is met by external market (about 90%), which places Brazil in a situation of high dependence on imports of this fertilizer (Birth & Lapido-Loureiro, 2009). Therefore, the search for DOWHUQDWLYH VRXUFHV RI . DV SRWDVVLF URFNV LV DQoption to reverse this situation.  The use of rocks in soil fertilization is known since the beginning of agriculture, and researches RQ WKH XVH RI DOWHUQDWLYH VRXUFHV RI . ZHUH SHU-formed between 1970 and 1980 (Coelho, 2005), ZLWKWHVWVXQGHUJUHHQKRXVHDQG¿HOGFRQGLWLRQVLUorder to evaluate the agronomic potential of various URFNVDQGPLQHUDOV VRXUFHVRI.7KH URFNVZHUHapplied pure or in mixtures, in natura or after they H[SHULHQFH FKHPLFDO WUHDWPHQW DFLGL¿FDWLRQ RUheat. The results indicated that, in most cases, the DJURQRPLFHI¿FLHQF\RI URFNGHSHQGVRQ LWVRULJLQand composition of soil factors, the incubation time, the chemical or heat treatment applied and crop used. In general, the possibility of direct application of the rock was discarded due to low availability of .IRUSODQWV0DUWLQHWDO,QJHQHUDOXQVDW-isfactory results using rocks as a source of nutrients are related to the lack of mineralogical character-istics of the material used, and thus, it is important to choose both the material and the proper form for soil application.  Therefore, the aim of this study was to eval-uate the potential of granulated organic-mineral fer-WLOL]HUVHQULFKHGZLWK.VROXELOL]LQJPLFURRUJDQLVPVin the cultivation of millet in a greenhouse test. Methods The experiment was conducted in a green-house at Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, in 2011, in three successive FURSV9LUJLQVDYDQQDK&HUUDGRVRLOFODVVL¿HGDV+DSOXGR[FOD\H\ZDVXVHGZLWK ORZ. PJdm-3). Millet CMS 01 was used as test plant with D¿QDOSRSXODWLRQRISODQWVSHUSRWFRQWDLQLQJkg of soil, cultivated for 45 days in each cycle. Soil fertility was corrected to meet the demand of the plant, with application of lime and nutrients, in the ¿UVWFURSMXVWWRFKHFNWKHUHVLGXDOHIIHFWRILQSXWVOnly nitrogen was divided into four applications for each cultivation due to its low residual effect.  The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Treatments consisted of a factorial 2x2x3 + 2, and the factors studied were two potassic rocks (verdigris and pho-nolite), with and without organic source (poultry lit-WHUWKUHHWUHDWPHQWVUHODWHGWRWKHXVHRI.VROX-bilizing microorganisms, belonging to Collection of Multifunction Microorganisms of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum (1- M1, 2- M2, 3- without microorgan-isms) and two additional treatments: control with-RXW.DQGIHUWLOL]DWLRQZLWKSRWDVVLXPFKORULGH7KH. GRVH DSSOLHG ZDV  PJ GP-3, in granulated form, involving potassic rocks mixing of inoculated, or not,  with solubilizing microorganisms, with or without addition of poultry litter.  At harvest, the dry matter yield of the VKRRWVRIPLOOHW LQHDFKFXOWLYDWLRQH[WUDFWLRQRI.EVALUATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL GRANULAR FERTILIZERS ENRICHED WITH POTASSIUM SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMSFLÁVIA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS1, IVANILDO EVÓDIO MARRIEL1, ELIANE APARECIDA GOMES1, CHRISTIANE ABREU DE OLIVEIRA PAIVA1, JOSÉ CARLOS POLIDORO2, ANTÔNIO CARLOS DE OLIVEIRA1, ÉDER DE SOUZA MARTINS31Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, 5RGRYLD0*.P&36HWH/DJRDV, MG, &(3%UDVLOÀDYLDVDQWRV@embrapa.br, ivanildo.marriel@embrapa.br, eliane.a.gomes@embrapa.br, christiane.paiva@embrapa.br, antoniocarlos.oliveira@HPEUDSDEU2Embrapa Soils, Rua Jardim Botânico, 1024, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22460-000, Brasil (jose.polidoro@embrapa.br3Embrapa Cerrados, %5.P&33ODQDOWLQD')&(3%UDVLOHGHUPDUWLQV@embrapa.br)66339by plants and available potassium in soil by extra-tor Mehlich 1 were evaluated. Based on the data of dry matter yield of treatment of each cultivation the UHODWLYHHI¿FLHQF\RIWKHPLQUHODWLRQWR.&O(5  > SURGXFWLYLW\ RI WKH WUHDWPHQW RI LQWHUHVW  SUR-GXFWLYLW\RIFRQWURO.&OSURGXFWLYLW\SURGXFWLYLW\RIcontrol)]*100) was calculated.  Data were subjected to analysis of vari-ance. Means were compared using LSD at 5% probability test, using the statistical program Sisvar (Ferreira, 2011). Results and discussion  7KH VWDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV VKRZHG QR VLJQL¿-cant difference (p <0.05) for the variables assessed LQ WKH ¿UVW FXOWLYDWLRQ RIPLOOHW 7KLV UHVXOW FDQ EHexplained because the experiment was made with potassic rock, with slow and gradual release of potassium so that the effect of fertilization may be manifested later.  In the second cultivation, in the analysis of potassium extracted by plants, treatments contain-ing phonolite, in general, were higher than the con-WUROZLWKRXW.DQGGLGQRWGLIIHUIURPWKHWUHDWPHQWZLWK.&O)LJXUH$6WLOODERXWWKLVYDULDEOHWKHUHZDVDVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHFRQVLGHULQJWKHVSOLWRIthe microorganism within organo-mineral with pho-nolite (p <0.10), where the combined use of the rock with M1 provided a 22% higher potassium extrac-tion  than the treatment without microorganism (Fig-ure 1A). As for the available potassium in the soil, also in the second crop, the biofertilizers treatments with phonolite rock microorganisms associated with M1 and M2 were superior to treatment without mi-FURRUJDQLVPDEVROXWHFRQWURODQG.&O)LJXUH%As it is of interest in this study, these results show that the microorganisms solubilize more potassium than the other treatments, since there was no differ-ence in dry matter produced in the second cultiva-tion. In the third crop, the dry matter yield of M1 treatment did not differ from M2, but exceeded 23% in the treatment without microorganism, 137% in WUHDWPHQWZLWKRXWDSSOLFDWLRQRI.DQGLQWUHDW-PHQWZLWK.&O)LJXUH&VKRZLQJWKHSRWHQWLDORIthis technology. There was no statistical difference for potassium extracted by plants and the available potassium in the soil. It is evident, from the results SUHVHQWHG WKH JUHDWHU HI¿FLHQF\ RI WKH URFN SKR-nolite compared to the rock verdigris, since there ZDVQRVLJQL¿FDQWUHVXOWIRUWKHODWWHUDVZHOODVWKHimportance of using an organic source, in this case, poultry litter, as a carbon source for microorganisms because the treatments with poultry litter were sta-tistically higher than those without it. The phonolite rock is of volcanic origin DQG KDV DERXW  .2O. The dominant mineral LQWKLVURFNLVIHOGVSDUZKHUHWKH.LV³WUDSSHG´LQthe crystal structure. This fact makes it insoluble in weak acids that commonly occur in nature, which UHGXFHVLWVHI¿FLHQF\ZKHQXVHGDVDQDJULFXOWXUDOfertilizer (Cortes et al., 2010). Therefore, the results of this study are of great importance because they show the potential response of plants to use this rock associated to solubilizing microorganisms of .0RUHRYHULWLVHYLGHQWWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIWKHUH-sidual effect of this input, since in  the early crops WKHUHZDVRQO\ WKHHIIHFWRI.H[WUDFWHGE\SODQWVDQGRIDYDLODEOH.LQVRLORIWUHDWPHQWVZLWKPLFUR-organisms compared to treatment without microor-ganism. While the response in productivity, which is in fact of greatest interest, there was only in the third crop. 7KHFDOFXODWLRQRIWKHUHODWLYHHI¿FLHQF\RIthe treatments using phonolite plus poultry litter, as-VRFLDWHGWRVROXELOL]LQJPLFURRUJDQLVPVRI.7DEOH1) reinforces the potential of this input with greater HI¿FLHQF\LQQXPHULFDOYDOXHVRIWKHJUDQXODWHGLQUHODWLRQ WR .&O DOUHDG\ LQ ¿UVW FURS HVSHFLDOO\ LQthe third crop, and including statistical difference (p <0.10). Conclusions  The organo-mineral fertilizers of potassic phonolite rock with poultry litter associated with VROXELOL]LQJPLFURRUJDQLVPVRI.0DQG0KDYHSRWHQWLDO IRU XVH LQ DJULFXOWXUH+RZHYHU ¿HOG H[-periments are needed to validate this potential..H\ZRUGV3RWDVVLXPIHUWLOL]HUELRIHUWLOL]HUVPLOOHWAcknowledgements7KH DXWKRUV DFNQRZOHGJH ¿QDQFLDO VXSSRUW JLYHQby Embrapa. 3RVWHUV_6HFWLRQ_6WUDWHJLHVIRUEHWWHUXVHHI¿FLHQF\16th World Fertilizer Congress of CIEC340References COELHO, A.M. O potássio na cultura do milho. In: <$0$'$7 52%(5767/ (GV 3RWiVVLR QDagricultura brasileira. Piracicaba: Institudo da Po-tassa e Fosfato. p.612-658. 2005.&257(6*3)(55(,5$5&&257(6*35$03$==2 / )(55(,5$ /& )RQROLWR FRPRsubstituto do cloreto de potássio e/ou outras fontes de potássio na agricultura e pecuária do Brasil. I Congresso Brasileiro de Rochagem, 2010. p.75-83. Anais...FERREIRA, D.F. Sisvar: a computer statistical analysis system. Ciência e agrotecnologia, Lavras, v.35, n.6, p. 1039-1042, 2011.MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2.ed. London: Academic Press, 1997. 889 p.0$57,16(62/,9(,5$&*5(6(1'($9MATOS, M.S.F. Agrominerais – rochas silicáticas fomo fontes minerais alternativas de potássio para D DJULFXOWXUD ,Q /8= $% /,16 )$) (GV5RFKDV 	 0LQHUDLV ,QGXVWULDLV XVRV H HVSHFL¿-cações. p.205-221. 2008.1$6&,0(1720/$3,'2/285(,52)2SR-tássio na agricultura brasileira: fontes e rotas alter-QDWLYDV,Q/$3,'2/285(,52)(0(/$0('5),*8(,5('21(72-)HUWLOL]DQWHV±DJURLQ-dústria e sustentabilidade. Cetem, Rio de Janeiro, 2009. p.305-335.Table 1. 5HODWLYHHI¿FLHQF\RIJUDQXODWHGSKRQROLWHURFNZLWKSRXOWU\OLWWHUDVVRFLDWHGZLWKVROXELOL]LQJPLFURRUJDQLVPVRI.RIHDFKFXOWLYDWLRQRIPLOOHWTreatment Cultivation 1 Cultivation 2 Cultivation 3 M1 117,4 112,9 313,4 M2 100,2 115,7 288,0  Figure 1. Potassium extracted by plants of millet in the second cultivation (A), available potassium in the soil after harvest of the second crop (B) and dry matter yield of millet in the third cultivation (C) in the treatments with microorganisms M1, M2, without microorganisms (considering the granulated rock SKRQROLWH SOXV SRXOWU\ OLWWHU DEVROXWH FRQWURO ZLWKRXW . DQGIHUWLOL]DWLRQZLWK.&O7UHDWPHQWVIROORZHGE\WKHVDPHOHWWHUGRnot differ by Tukey test at 5%)

Evaluation of organo-mineral granular fertilizers enriched with potassium solubilizing microorganisms.

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