Edição dos Proceedings do 6th International Congress of Nematology, Cape Town, South Africa, May 2014

BERNARDO, J. T.

GOMES, C. B.

KROLOW, A. C.

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500 to 5000 nematodes per 100 cm3 soil. Corn yield increased in all three systems from 1989 to 2013, but system 2consistently produced less yield than systems 1 and 3. In 1997, Maturity Indices distinguished system 1 from system 3.Maturity Indices were lower in all corn based systems as compared to pasture for 1995-1997. Preliminary faunal analyses ofthe current data set suggest that nematode community structure has not become more different in the systems over time.POPULATION DYNAMIC OF RING NEMATODE IN PEACH ORCHARDMANAGEDWITH CASTOR BEAN CAKEAND MILLET CROP. Bernardo1, J.T., A.C. Krolow2 and C.B. Gomes2. 1PPGFS/Universidade Federal de Pelotas,Campus Universita´rio s/n C. P. 354, Pelotas/RS, Brazil; 2Embrapa Clima Temperado, Cx Postal 403, Pelotas/RS, Brazil.The Peach Tree Short Life syndrome associated with the ring nematode, Criconemoides xenoplax has been a problem inpeach orchards in southern Brazil since the 1980s. Therefore, the influence of incorporating of castor bean cakes and soilcropping with black oat (Avena strigosa) and millet (Pennisetum americanum) was investigated in a peach orchard ’Rubimel’naturally infested by C. xenoplax. During the spring/summer and autumn/winter seasons, 20 kg of castor bean cakes wereincorporated into the soil at level of 10kg castor bean cake/m2 in plots with five peach trees. Just after the residue application,black oat or millet were seeded in the plots. Peach trees maintained without weeds were used as control. The experiment wascarried out during 2012 and 2013 using a randomized design with six replications. Four months after the application of thetreatments, soil samples were collected before and 30 days after plant incorporations for evaluation of C. xenoplax populationsusing regression analysis. Additionally, the chemical characteristics of peach fruits were also evaluated. Independent of thetreatment, the C. xenoplax populations behaved similarly. In the spring-summer seasons the populations decreased in the soiland increased during the autumn-winter season. However, the nematode populations were lower in the pots where the plantsreceived the residue associated with cover crops. Evaluating the fruit quality, there were no difference in the pH, total titratableacidity and ascorbic acid between the different treatments, but in the plots with castor bean cake and cover crops a significantreduction of total soluble solids was verified and it can possibly be explained by increased nitrogen from the castor bean cakes.PAECILOMYCES LILACINUS (=PURPUREOCILLIUM LILACINUM) AS A NEMATODE BIOCONTROL AGENT. S.D.Berry. BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., 91 Clifton Canyon Drive, Gillits, 3610, South Africa.Nematodes are a constant threat to crop production worldwide. Various management strategies have been developed overthe years, with most of the emphasis being on chemical nematicides and varietal resistance. However, with the demise ofmany of the traditional chemical solutions, the identification and management of these pests is becoming increasingly moreimportant. In the last few years much interest and investment has gone into researching biological control of nematodes. Anumber of different biological control organisms have been researched and a few developed into commercial products (e.g.Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus firmus, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Pasteuria penetrans). The aim of this talk will be todiscuss the history, modes-of-action, nematode targets, crops, commercial products and efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus(also known as Purpureocillium lilacinum) as a nematode biocontrol agent.RECENT METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL ADVANCES FOR SPECIES DELIMITATION IN CONTEM-PORARY NEMATODE TAXONOMY. Bert1, W., D. Slos1, T. Janssen1, P. Fonderie1, H. Steel1 and W. Decraemer1,2.1Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;2Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Department of Invertebrates, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.Only a small fraction of the estimated existing nematode species has been described. To grasp the overwhelming nematodediversity, some nematologists still have confidence in methods that date back to the 17th century, while others want toabandon species as fundamental entities of diversity. We will discuss the necessity and shortcomings of traditional and newapproaches. It is obvious that nematode taxonomy is confronted with the challenge to fully incorporate new theory, methodsand data from disciplines that study the origin, boundaries and evolution of species. These recent methodological advanceshold promise for species delimitation methods that reflect ‘‘true’’ speciation events. However, these advanced methods havetheir limitations in daily taxonomic practise, and therefore it is evident that forwarding one best possible taxonomical methodis currently impossible. We advocate the simultaneous use and efficient integration of slow integrative taxonomy and fastmolecular operational taxonomical units. Examples of our own approaches, targeting a comprehensive and reliable de-scription of nematode biodiversity, will be illustrated using case studies on free-living, plant-parasitic, and facultativelyanimal parasitic nematodes. These efforts are based on a combined acquisition of informative sequences, ecological andmorphological data; and integrated in phylogenetic frameworks and supported by an appropriate databank. Finally, the linkof our taxonomical work with other ongoing research projects will be highlighted.IS INTROGRESSION BREEDING ANSWER TO NEMATODE RESISTANT SUGARCANE IN AUSTRALIA?Bhuiyan1, S.A., B.J. Croft1, E. Wong1, P. Jackson2 and G.R. Stirling3. 1Sugar Research Australia, Woodford, Australia;2CSIRO Townsville, Australia; 3Biological Crop Protection, Brisbane, Australia.Root knot (Meloidogyne javanica) and root lesion (Pratylenchus zeae) nematodes are causing in excess of A$82 millionlosses to the Australian sugar industry annually. No commercial sugarcane varieties are resistant to these nematodes. AAbstracts 139

Population dynamic of ring nematode in peach orchard managed with castor bean cake and millet crop.

http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/bitstream/doc/999452/1/ABSTRACTSNEMATPB1.pdf

Population dynamic of ring nematode in peach orchard managed with castor bean cake and millet crop.

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